Chii mapfupa vanoumba thorax? Mapfupa bhokisi kwevanhu

The zvetsandanyama nemapfupa evanhu Hurongwa inoumbwa mubatanidzwa mapfupa zhinji uye tsandanyama kuti batanidza navo. Chinonyanya kukosha - ndiye dehenya, thorax, nomuzongoza.

Mapfupa bhokisi masero dzevanhu dziri kuumbwa hwose. In nedanho kukura uye izvi mudzoke kuti marangwanda. Pane kuchinja kwete chete kukura asiwo chimiro.

Kuti uzive iyo mapfupa ndinoumba thorax, zvinodiwa vakawanda ruzivo pamusoro zvinoriumba dzose hurongwa. Chokutanga, funga zvetsandanyama nemapfupa ezvinhu yose.

The marangwanda yevanhu ine mapfupa mazana maviri, yose kurema unotaurwa makirogiramu: varume 10 uye 7 vakadzi. Chimiro nomumwe zvakadzama yokusafa hunhu kuitira kuti vanogona kuzadzisa basa ravo, izvo zviri chaizvo. Midziyo ropa kuti kutekeshera mapfupa, murwire kwavari zvinovaka muviri uye okisijeni. Tsinga harinzwi aivabatsira nenguva Achipindura zvinodiwa muviri.

Mamiriro womunhu marangwanda

Izvi zvakaoma zvikuru zvinogona kuonekwa kwenguva refu uye zvakawanda. Ngationei vanogara zvinokosha. Ita nyore kudzidza maumbirwo yevanhu marangwanda ari conventionally rakakamurwa 4 zvikamu:

- the dehenya;

- marangwanda of hunde;

- vertebral sa;

- okumusoro nhengo dzomuviri.

A nomuzongoza chinoita kuti nyika yose. The nomuzongoza chakaumbwa madhipatimendi shanu:

- pamutsipa;

- sternum;

- loin;

- sacral nharaunda;

- tailbone.

Basa uye maumbirwo nheyo pechipfuva

Mapfupa mubhokisi, akafanana pezvakaita chepiramidhi, ane mavari uye rinonyevera zvokunze zvemaziso zvinofurira zvinokosha nhengo: mwoyo nemidziyo ropa, mapapu uye tracheal Árbol bazi, yegurokuro uye vakawanda node nodes.

Izvi vakaparadzana marangwanda inoumbwa gumi vertebrae, sternum uye mbabvu. Wokutanga ndiwo constituent zvikamu nheyo marangwanda. To vabve vanzwa mhou thorax pamwe vertebrae yakanga rakavimbika, mumwe pemvura ane rumbabvu articular fossa. nzira iyi kunoita inobvumira kuti vawane dzakakwirira simba.

Chii mapfupa vanoumba thorax

The dumbu - iri zita zvakajairika mapfupa, riri pamberi mbabvu. Zvinonzi vaitirei chinoumba, pane zvikamu zvitatu:

• mubato;
• muviri;
• xiphoid.

The anatomical configuration pamusoro sternum pfupa murume kushanduka kwenguva, zviri chokuita nadzurudzo ari nzvimbo yemuviri pakati regiravhiti zvakananga. Mukuwedzera, paumbwe marangwanda uye anowedzera zvemapapu vanokwanisa. Kushandurwa mbabvu nezera kunogona kuwedzera amplitude kufamba pamusoro sternum nekuita vakasununguka kufema. Kunyatsogadzikana dhipatimendi kunokosha kwazvo chakaipa nokushanda kwenhengo yose muviri.

Thorax, izvo zvinogona kuonekwa Photo bepa rine conical chimiro uye anoramba saka anosvika matatu nemana. Nhanhatu nayo dzinosiyana-siyana zvichienderana kukura okumusoro zvikamu zviri sternum, rumbabvu zvinodiwa angled inowedzerwa. At gumi kana gumi makore aumbwa chose.

On mapfupa bhokisi evanhu chinobata kurovedza muviri uye kumhara. Physical Kurovedza makirasi zvichamubatsira zvikuru zvakawanda uye voluminous, uye achiwana zvakaipa (chokuita mamiriro vechikoro shure dhesiki kana kombiyuta tafura) achaita musana uye vose madhipatimendi ose marangwanda pachava zvakanaka.

Izvi zvingaita kuti scoliosis, Vanokotama, uye mune dzimwe Muzviitiko zvakaipisisa, uye nezvinetso nhengo dzomukati. Saka, iva nechokwadi kuti kupedza nemwana hurukuro yedzidzo nezvokukosha mamiriro.

The nemamiriro mbabvu

Paakabvunzwa pamusoro mapfupa ndinoumba thorax, chinhu chokutanga vakarangarira. Mbabvu vari chinokosha muchikamu chino marangwanda. Mukurapa, zvose gumi zvevaviri vaviri vari mapoka mapoka matatu:

• mbabvu vechokwadi - ndivo vokutanga nomwe nomwe dziri vasiyana sternum skeletal hryaschik;
• mbabvu venhema - matatu akatevera maviri akabatanidzwa kwete sternum, uye kune intercostal shwashwa;
• akayangarara rumbabvu - okupedzisira mbiri mbiri havana chokuita nechepakati pfupa.

Vane flattened chimiro uye pore marongerwo. The rumbabvu ane shwashwa uye mapfupa zvidimbu. The yokupedzisira kunorondedzerwa ne madhipatimendi matatu: muviri rumbabvu, musoro uye articular pamusoro. micheto All vane chimiro helical reza. Kunokonzera curvature, ari kufamba pechipfuva, zvose zvinoenderana nezera uye kurara kuti munhu.

Munguva fetus anomaly munhu ari kuchengetwa zvisingawanzoitiki nguva iyo inosvitsa kweimwe mbabvu iri mutsipa kana lumbar nharaunda. Uyewo, nhamba micheto vari mhuka akakura kupfuura munhu, uyu nokuda chinjikira nzvimbo dzomuviri wavo.

Zvino, kana tiri afunga kuti mapfupa vanoumba chipfuva, unogona kutaura zvavari akagadzirwa chero jira. vakasiyana kwete zvinhu asiwo ehupfumi nepedyo.

pfupa tishu

iye It constructs yedehenya, makumbo uye mutumbi. Zvinokoshawo kuti pfupa hunokonzera chimiro muviri. Zvinonzi akakamurwa:

• zvinonyadzisa-fibered - zvakafanana kuti tanga kukura;
• jira Mapurasitiki - rinobatanidzwa pakusikwa marangwanda.
• shwashwa - akaumba hondratsitami uye cellular zvinhu dzakakwirira arambe achirema, yavanobata ane zvokutsigira nerevane tiri chikamu akasiyana marangwanda hacho.

masero awo muri mhando mbiri: osteoblasts uye osteocytes. Kana ukatarira murwiyo pamusoro rinenge zvinogona kuonekwa kuti 33% nayo ine makabhohaidhiretsi, kwemafuta uye mapurotini. The zvasara unoverengwa nokuti inorganic zvinhu zvakadai calcium, magnesium fluoride, uye calcium yakawanda carbonate, uye vamwe. Sezvineiwo, mumuviri yedu pane cucumber acid, 90% kubva muRugwaro zvirimo mafupa tishu.

connective tishu

Bone bhokisi dzakabatanidzwa uye skeletal tsandanyama inotumirwa shwashwa nemarunda. siyana uku connective tishu. Zvinokosha siyana. Somuenzaniso, ropa riri ane connective tishu.

Zviri siyana kuti zvinoita sokuti zvose mumuviri zvinoita chete. Chero mumasero ichi mhando vanoita zvakasiyana-siyana mashandiro, zvichienderana worudzii zvinyama vanoumba:

• garo nhengo dzakavandika dzevanhu;
• zvine masero uye munyama;
• takura okisijeni uye carbon dioxide panyika muviri;
• sangana mhando dzose akamendwa vanonyevera masimba kukuvara zvemukati.

Sezvazvakanyorwa yakakamurwa maererano mabasa kuti:

• unformed anongoremberera fibrous;
• gobvu fibrous unformed;
• gobvu fibrous yakashongedzwa.

Remubatanidzwa mhou thorax vakatakura kunze fibrous Web kubva muboka rokutanga. Ine unzenza unaku kuti anoenda midziyo ropa, tsinga harinzwi. Iye anovhara zvomukati kubva mumwe ari chipfuva uye dumbu.

Spine - nheyo marangwanda

Zvinobatsira kuchengeta musana uye musana ndiwo musimboti mukuru nyoro nadzo uye munyama. Musana uye chipfuva zvinofambidzana basa rinokosha: zvinobatsira kuchengeta mhango iri kutsvakwa nzvimbo.

It achiumbwa makumi matatu namaviri --matatu mana vertebrae, izvo mwena kuti ndima musana. Izvi zvinobvumira chikonzero chakanaka kudzivirira yedu tsinga.

The intervertebral discs akaumbwa fibrocartilage, izvo inosimudzira mufambo yacho nomuzongoza. An chinodiwa chinokosha runoonekwa kuva mukana kwaari kufonyora. Izvi zvinoita anokwanisa "kujaira kana baba namai", naizvozvo ukapisa murwi, jolts panguva achimhanya uye achifamba damped, achidzivirira mwongo kubva ukapisa murwi.

zvinokosha mabasa

Sezvo zvetsandanyama nemapfupa hurongwa nokuda kworutivi kubva pfupa, ipapo vakapiwa basa rayo mumuviri inogona zvakafanana kutaurwa pamusoro penheyo muviri uye pamusoro chipfuva oga,. Saka, mashandiro:

• rutsigiro;
• kuita chicherwa uye mafuta muviri;
• inodzivirira;
• zvokuimba.

Zvakakosha kuziva zviri muviri wedu uye chii kurongedza kuitika mairi, basa reDare mumwe kana zvimwe zvikamu marangwanda, sei kutanga uye kusimbisa nayo. Izvi zvichakubatsira kudzivisa zvimwe zvirwere uye kurarama hupenyu huzere, vachiridza mitambo, uye kufarira zvinhu.