Kometi Churyumov-Gerasimenko: nzira, size, mapikicha

Kometi 67P / Churyumov-Gerasimenko akava kakawanda muenzi munhau mishumo kubvira 2003, apo kwakasarudzwa kuti ugozvitumira motokari yake "Rosetta" pamwe anoburukira module "Anel". Chinangwa, pasina kupamhidzira, chinzvimbo basa rakanga yekudyara mudziyo uri chinhu uye kudzidza zvachiri. Nhasi, muna April 2015, tinogona kutaura kuti basa akabudirira. Asi izvi pashure vhoriyamu basa zvose kusikwa chitundumuseremusere chakasvitsa, uyewo pakudzidza comets.

kuwanikidza

Kometi Churyumov-Gerasimenko, ari trajectory, kukura kwayo nedzimwe parameters, vakanga vanzwisisa asati kusarudza payo sezvo chinangwa basa "Rosetta". Mashoko okutanga zuva rino muviri yepasi pose Zvisinei, runoonekwa kuva 23 October 1969. The mifananidzo yokutanga kometi Churyumov-Gerasimenko, avapo chete pamberi rechi11. Zvadaro ramangwana vatsvakurudzi Svetlana Gerasimenko Klim Churyumov uye boka vanoongorora nyeredzi kubva Kiev State University aiona inofamba pakati comets mudenga pamusoro nzvimbo dzakapoteredza waAruma-Ata.

October 11 Svetlana Gerasimenko kometi akaita mufananidzo Comas Sola, waitova kuva vatorwa gwapa, anofungidzirwa, Muchato Photographic ndiro. Zvisinei, pashure penguva ane Klim Churyumov, kudzidza ichi nezvimwe mapikicha kubva kudenga pamusoro nzvimbo iyi, ndakawana kuti panzvimbo aripo pamusoro majana ose uye kuoneka tikafunga nyeredzi. The mapikicha vakatumirwa Cambridge kuna Brian Marsden, uyo nokuenzanisa muchadenga yacho kometi itsva. Vakatumidza izvozvo mukukudza vawana. Mumabhuku nesayenzi zvomuchadenga muviri yakasarudzwa sezvo kometi 67P / Churyumov-Gerasimenko.

ndege unhu

Somugumisiro, kuwanikwa yepasi pose muviri chinhu comets pfupi-pfupi. Izvozvo hazvirevi kuti rakasiyana nemamwe: munyika nenyika dzinotenderera pariri, vanopfuura zana vanovengwa chete mhando sezvo kometi Churyumov-Gerasimenko. Its ndege nzira zvokuti perihelion muchadenga (zviduku daro nzvimbo kuti zuva) unongoda pakati Earth uye Mars, uye aphelion (nzvimbo daro mukuru kusvikira zuva) - muchadenga kuti gasi seJupiter. Circulation nguva zvishoma zvishoma pane makore 6.6.

The napedyo rakakura zvakadaro nyika yakaita Jupiter, nokuti ani kupinda pasina. No Kusara uye kometi Churyumov-Gerasimenko. The trajectory kwayo ndege kunoramba pachena kuti hofori negiravhiti. Maererano Masvomhu masayendisiti imwe nguva kare imwe chimurenga pamusoro zvomuchadenga muviri akapoteredza Sun akatora anenge matatu mamwe makore asi kwemakore 10 asati chichikosha ari kometi zvakare vakatamira pedyo Jupiter. Zvakaguma zvinoderedza munguva kutenderera.

The chinhu basa

Kana iwe dzokera kune vachiongorora "Rosetta" kometi 67P ndokubereka nangananga chirongwa nezvikonzero zvinoverengeka:

• kubva kuwanikwa makore 40 akapfuura, panguva iyo nyaya chaiitirwa kugara zvokuongorora: vanodzidza nezvenyeredzi vanonyatsoziva kwayo muchadenga uye anogona kufanotaura chero zvinoita simba pamusoro payo;
• ari kometi kuti muchadenga tilted kubva ecliptic 7 chete °, zvinoreva hapana chikonzero mamwe simba zvinhu kusimudzira chitundumusere-musere pamusoro ecliptic.

Zvisinei, kometi Churyumov-Gerasimenko, kukura, muchadenga uye zvimwe zvinhu zviri zvakakwana akakodzera kuushumiri kwakadaro, kwete kusarudza rokutanga. Pakutanga, vachiongorora aifanira kuenda kometi Wirtanen, zvakafanana parameters dzaro 67P. Mamiriro hwachinja nokuda injini kukundikana kushanda motokari "Arion-5." The vakaronga kanda raifanira kumbosiyiwa, uye yakanaka kutanga nguva yave kubuda. Panguva iyi, uye zvikazooneka kuti rinenge gore zvichiita kutumira "Rosetta" mumwe chinhu - the kometi Churyumov-Gerasimenko.

Long makore 10

The vachiongorora "Rosetta" aifanira kuenda muswe ari kometi, pre-equalized naye kumhanya, kuti ave shamwari yake, kuona zvinoita kumhara nzvimbo udonhedze nayo module "Anel". Kuti izvi zvose zviitike, kuti chikwata aiva makore 10 kuti vakomberedze renzou. Parwendo rwake, "Rosetta" akatora mufananidzo Mars uye Nyika pamakona akawanda, kakawanda akayambuka asteroid bhandi , uye akanga asangana ne vaviri nevamiririri varo, uyewo filmed navo. Uyezve, panguva rendezvous "Rosetta" kometi mifananidzo yakaitwa Churyumov-Gerasimenko, izvo zvakabatsira kujekesa chimiro chayo. It Vakawana kuti 67P iri nemaziso muzvikamu zviviri zvakabatanidzwa ne rakamanikana Isthmus zvakakwana. Midziyo 67P anogona kuwanikwa panodudzwa rabha Dhadha, kuti icho chimiro kwakafanana kometi Churyumov-Gerasimenko. Dimensions "musoro", mumwe mugove duku, 2.5 × 2.5 × 2.0 km "muviri" - 4.1 × 3.2 × 1,3? Km.

Mission Possible

Pasina vachipinda mashoko, tinogona kutaura kuti rokutanga munhoroondo yevanhu kumhara pamusoro chitundumusere-musere pamusoro pemvura kometi vakapfuura yose akabudirira. Zvisinei, The module "Philae" kumhara haisi chaizvo pakange aronga, uye pasina nguva yapera simba reserves, akakwanisa kubudisa zvakawanda kuna Earth.

Kometi Churyumov-Gerasimenko, izvo pemvura mufananidzo, "Anel" wapfuura mu nedanho pakudyara, kwazvo, "akatambura" kubva mudziyo: nayo rinorira, akachera, hutachiwana uye zvichingodaro. Vaongorori vakawana mashoko pamusoro murwiyo, kwakaita nzvimbo yacho, negiravhiti. Zvinokosha ruzivo urwu nokuti kometi ane vezera zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri uye, naizvozvo, anogona kuzivisa zvimwe zvakavanzika kwayo inotungamirwa.

Brief zvabuda

Kometi Churyumov-Gerasimenko, nzvimbo Photo izvo zvakabatsira Map pemvura yave kuva zvikamu maererano zvechadenga zvokuyamura. Pakati idzodzo kuti akafanana mawere uye Dunes vave dzakaonekwa-mutinhimira matatu nokuzvikomo, zvakajairika pamusoro pepasi. Anofungidzirwa ivo anowanzoramba nedzimwe comets.

Panguva kuongorora zvakanga Vakawana kuti arambe achirema ari kometi zvinhu hafu kukura chinoratidza ichi mumvura. Masayendisiti uyewo kubudirira pave nhamba Organic yeimwe uye mvura mamorekuru. First kwaiva zvakawanda kuti zvichisiyana zvekungofungira Vatsvakurudzi. Data izvi zvakatungamirira hwokufungazve pfungwa iri kwakabva kometi: zvaifungwa kuti yakatangwa munharaunda Jupiter. New uchapupu hunoratidza zvakasimba kuti kometi vaibva zvikuru kumaruwa nzvimbo zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri, kubva Kuiper Belt.

Kometi Churyumov-Gerasimenko, kuti trajectory uye unhu kuti ndakauya chikuru "Rosetta" chirongwa, kwakaratidza haana zvose zvakavanzika zvake. The mudziyo, kununura "Anel", achiri anoenda naye uye ichiri achitumira mashoko. Uye nekuti zvinoita kuti isu nokukurumidza kuziva zvakawanda 67P.