ITR-vashandi - iri ... achiongorora zvaive abbreviations, mazita namagwatidziro

Ndivanaani mainjiniya? Achiongorora zvaive ichi izwi munezvimwe zvingasafadza matambudziko.

Maererano kududzirwa "Short Dictionary Economics" chikamu vashandi yakavanzwa pasi chidimbu TDI, anozivikanwa mainjiniya uye wevanamakanika. Nhasi tiri kuenda tinyatsoziva pfungwa iyi.

ITR-vashandi - ndiani ichi?

The chiratidzo chikuru kuva ichangobva kutaurwa vanhu - simba kushandisa kugadzirwa uye kuronga Workflow. Mainjiniya uye michina vashandi (ITR) ndezvevanhu muchikwata ichi pahwaro nzvimbo inogarwa naye. In ichi Kunyanya mumiririri anogona kuzviwanira zvesekondari kana yepamusorosoro. Somuenzaniso, mashoko hwokugadzira injiniya vangave vasina zvakafanira dzidzo yepamusorosoro.

Mazuva ano, dzidziso akarasikirwa ayo yepamutemo hweHIV. Zvino mainjiniya vashandi - ndiko kutoti kwezuva nezuva izwi. Maererano purogiramu mabasa uye ounyanzvi hwokugadzira, uyewo chete kupatsanura mabasa ounyanzvi hwokugadzira, pane mhando nhatu vashandi. Wokutanga hunomiririrwa Mamaneja, wechipiri - nyanzvi, mugove rechitatu vaiva ose vamwe, kunzi dzimwe mhando vashandi kana michina vatambi.

Mune imwe Gwaro normative, akadana Yakabatana Nomenclature vashandi zvinzvimbo (musi kuti mashoko - 1967), dzakawanda vashandi ava vanoparadzaniswa ne hunhu basa muboka, uye mukati nomumwe wavo - mumapoka.

Ndechipi chikamu kunosanganisira pfungwa mainjiniya

ITR-vashandi - vose inogona semhosva mamaneja, nyanzvi kana michina vatambi. vatungamiriri Category zvinosanganisira avo anobatanidzwa utungamiriri zvose yose sangano uye ayo munhu madhipatimendi nekupatsanurana, uyewo rokupedzisira nemutevedzeri.

Migumo Nyanzvi nhengo imwe dzakasiyana mapoka. Boka rokutanga - avo vari kuita basa kwakabatana zvokurima kana miti, zvipfuwo, hove kurima. Wechipiri - vashandi upfumi kana okugadzira-rwokugadzira bhora. The boka wechitatu nyanzvi kushanda mumunda dzakawanda ukama. The boka chechina - nyanzvi mune mifananidzo, tsika, sainzi, dzidzo, utano. Chechishanu - pamutemo profile. Saka, tinoona kuti nhamba vanachiremba rakafara zvakakwana.

Technical vatambi vashandi, ane basa iri ndizvidavirire kudzora, kugadzirira mapepa inodiwa uye kunyoresa uyewo Hardware yokuzvigadzirisa. Saka, yechinyakare pfungwa mainjiniya, vane decoding hazvisi kushanda. Rwakatsiviwa mazuva ano pfungwa yaiona uye michina mudonzvo (kana ATP).

List pamusoro MFI zvinzvimbo

Development musayenzi uye kwesayenzi mberi kuupenyu rakawedzera kushanda avo kazhinji unonzi engineering michina vashandi. Nokuwanda hama kuti uwandu zvose Mapato evashandi ari kukura, kunyanya mu sectors akadai bhizimisi uye kuvakwa.

Ndiani chaizvoizvo hatigoni kuita kukanganisa patsanura Mapato njodzi kunotaurwa? Kana pfungwa mhando vakuru pamazita chinzvimbo, inobva Mutongo Council of Vashumiri USSR N 531 (1973) uye kubvumirwa muna 1979, tiri kutaura pamusoro vatungamiriri (kunze vaya vakagadzwa kuti nzvimbo mubereki kwemiviri), mukuru (mukuru) unyanzvi mazita akasiyana, vakuru mahofisi, maindasitiri, nemhuri, mabasa, mapazi, nzvimbo, hofisi inspections, madhipatimendi uye mahofisi, pazviteshi, mahofisi, dzokuchengetera, okudhindira, dzokuchengetera, mumarabhoritari, mapoka, pfungwa, sectors, nzvimbo, reserves, nzendo, nezvigadziko, mumapaki, nemaruva, makamuri uye mahofisi.

Ndivanaanizve Rinowanikwawo muchikwata ichi

Uye munhu anoreva ITR-vashandi? Dzavo mazita ari refu zvakakwana. Zvinofanira kusanganisira vakuru wamasangano, dzendege uye airfields, simba zvinomera, elevators, waterworks, boilers, kufefetedza, tsvina kurapwa zvinomera, depots, zvitima, substations, unorinda, mvura, zvokufambisa, vachizvitakudza uye vachidzikisa, marinas uye moorings, zvekufambisa, zvitoro (zvivakwa ), mafekitari, kutanga basa, uye zvichingodaro. n.

Uyewo, ITR-vashandi - vaya vane zvinzvimbo zviri vakuru yamabhuku, mahofisi, zvikamu, mahofisi uye kuzvidzora nzvimbo, chikwata vatungamiriri. Uyezve, ndiye tenzi, wavatariri, vatariri, nezvimwewo, vatungamiri uye navakuru.

Kana vanachiremba mainjiniya, chidimbu ichi inoshanda guru pamazita namagwatidziro - agronomists, ezvivako, vakuru, referees, zvipenyu, maakaundendi, Vaongorori, vanachiremba, vaiongorora uye Vanodzidza, basa uye dispatchers, mainjiniya, cartographers uye vaiongorora setters, dzaishandisa, programmers uye vashanduri, vapepeti, uwandu vaiongorora, magariro masayendisiti, pharmacologists, chinokosha vatsvakurudzi, vanodhirowa mifananidzo, simba uye zvemitero vezvemitero. The Pamazita rakanyatsojeka akakura, uye mupfungwa kuti tiuye zvizere munyaya ino pfupi haisi.

Pfungwa nomubayiro vashandi ITR

Mubayiro chokupika mabasa avo, vashandi vakadaro vanogamuchira muchimiro muhoro. Ndizvo zvimwe wakaiswa mari wakasiyiwa zvebhizimisi kutarisira uye zvinoenderana kunzwisisa uye zvezvinotaurwa mabasa ake, basa uye kukosha chaizvo chinzvimbo Workflow uye yakananga basa ezvinhu.

Kukura mari waiti kana kugamuchira nyanzvi kana maneja pabasa uye kwete pamusoro kugadzirwa migumisiro zvebhizimisi kana chimwe chimwe.

Rank mainjiniya basa kuitwa pamusoro kukwana, unhu uye vhoriyamu, uyewo kuzadzika rakakodzera raJehovha mabasa basa navo.

Saka, vashandi chikamu zvemainjiniya muripo basa nguva anotsanangura zvisikwa. Zvichienderana munzvimbo dzavo, unyanzvi hwavo pachavo, kunzwisisa uye yezvinoreva mabasa anoitwa, uyewo nokushanda mamiriro mune imwe indasitiri, kwegadziriro jinda mari kuti marudzi ose mainjiniya uye wevanamakanika. Mufungo muhoro kwakashanda pahwaro wandei yemirau, chidimbu Kukodzera Directory.

kana chete "pachena" muhoro?

Kuwedzera wakaiswa yakawanda muhoro, ane gadziriro bonuses, kushivirira uye bonuses siyana.

Vashandi ava vari paakavapa nezvichaitika kuwedzera goho uye vasanyanye kwayo cost, zvaidiwa chibvumirano mitoro, vakawedzera zvibereko, mari iri mbishi zvinhu uye mafuta.

ebhizimusi Kutarisirwa kunotema zvimwe parameters uye zvinhu zviri bhonasi. Kana kuparara risanyatsobuda kana kuziva dzinoodza zvinhu premiums hazvigoni kubhadharwa.

Vamwe mamwe kubhadhara chokuita wemishonga mahofisi kana ounyanzvi hwokugadzira, kuwedzera uwandu basa kana kuwedzera nzvimbo basa, akaisa kuna mari zvemainjiniya panguva kungwara management. Vangazvikunda kubhadharwa kubva vakaponeswa mubayiro Fund.

Anogona kushandura mari mainjiniya mari?

Zvisarudzo kushandura mari parutivi sezvo rokurera richikwidibira vanobviswa pachishandiswa pamusoro advertising, chiri madikanwa kuti chikamu ichi vashandi panguva nenguva - kanenge ose 3 kana 5 years.

At kusingagutsi migumisiro yokunyatsoongorora kwakadaro kunobvira sezvo abolition nedzimwe bonuses uye kushivirira, uye kusunungurwa mushandi kubva muhofisi yake zvakakwana.

About basa norming mainjiniya

Basa iri nomazvo sangano basa machinda mainjiniya nechinangwa kuvandudza nemamiriro administrative midziyo, optimize kupedza nguva uye kuderedza mari kunosanganisira nokugoverwa. Namarudzi managerial basa anokwanisa kuva akarongwa zvakanaka chete kana paine mashoko chaiwo pamusoro nguva uye nhamba revashandi hunodiwa nokuda kwayo Implementation.

Tichienzanisa iwe basa iri mushandi, ndiye nzira noruremekedzo kuti mainjiniya uye vashandi - basa rakaoma zvikuru. Zvechokwadi, muchiitiko ichi tiri nezvinhu mutoo ane predominance pfungwa basa, izvo hazvibviri kuyera zvakananga. Somuenzaniso, waishandiswa injiniya mu mukugadzira kuti muchina pacharo havafaniri - inotungamirira muitiro. Saka sei kuongorora basa raro?

Huru basa panguva standardizing mabasa vashandi vakadaro - nokutangwa kunzwisisa neimwe mhando basa kuti vakaita, uye kuverenga pamusoro zvaida nhamba revashandi. Zviito Vose vari zvakanyatsobatana. Chokutanga izvi kunodikanwa kuti vabudirire weboka basa mabasa uye Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri yavaive vashandi maererano Kukodzera unhu.

Wechipiri - pokugadzwa kusanganiswa Zvinoumba muchikwata ichi vashandi ndiyo kugadzwa Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri zvikuru pakati munhu zvinzvimbo, inogara zano Kutarisira muna ndaisagona nzira, kuronga zvaida mudonzvo uye muhoro Fund.