Kirill I Mefody: muchidimbu Biography, zvinonakidza zvinhu kubva Biography, pakusikwa necheSalvic arufabheti

Cyril naMethodius, ane Biography ari kanenge muchidimbu aizivikanwa wose anotaura Russian, aiva mudzidzisi mukuru. Vakava noushamwari kutaridza nearufabheti nokuda necheSalvic marudzi pane immortalized zita rake.

Greek mavambo

Hama mbiri dzaimbova kubva muguta Thessaloniki. In necheSalvic zvinyorwa kuchengeta yekare chinyakare zita Solon. Vakazvarwa mumhuri dzinobudirira mukuru akashumira pasi gavhuna weruwa. Cyril akaberekwa mugore 827 naMethodius - 815-m.

Nokuti kuti vaGiriki vaiziva mutauro zvakakwana necheSalvic, vamwe vatsvakurudzi vakaedza kuzosimbisa fungidziro dzavo necheSalvic mavambo. Zvisinei, kuti saka hapana uye vakakundikana. Panguva iyoyowo, somuenzaniso kuBulgaria, vadzidzisi vanoti vokuBulgaria (pane kushandisawo Cyrillic arufabheti).

NecheSalvic mutauro nyanzvi

Mitauro ruzivo yomuchinda vaGiriki zvinogona kutsanangurwa nhoroondo kuTesaronika. Munhambo kwavo guta rakanga mitauro miviri. Pane akavapo wemo mutauro necheSalvic. Yokutama worudzi yakasvika wokumaodzanyemba kwayo muganhu, akavigwa muGungwa reAegean.

Slavs First vaiva vahedheni uye akararama pasi dzokumaruwa hurongwa, uyewo vavakidzani vavo, vokuGermany. Zvisinei, kunze vaya vakagara pamusoro kumuganhu Byzantine Empire, yakawira muchadenga waro nemagariro simba. Vakawanda vavo vakaumba muhutongi muBalkans, achiva varwi mutongi weConstantinople. Strong aiva kuvapo kwavo muTesaronika, uko akaberekwa uye Kirill I Mefody. Biography hama pakutanga vakaenda dzavo yoga nzira.

Hwenyika basa hama

Methodius (munyika zita rake raiva Michael) akava muchiuto uye akamuka kuti chinzvimbo mumwe dunhu strategist kuMacedonia. Akazviita nokuda matarenda avo nemano, uyewo patronage ane Jinda simba Teoctist. Cyril kubvira pazera duku kuita sayenzi, uye vakadzidza tsika nawo ndudzi. Kunyange asati aenda muMoravia, zvokuti akava nyika akakurumbira, Constantine (zita mhiko sezvo mamongi) akatanga kushandura chitsauko Evhangeri mumutauro necheSalvic.

Kunze zvemutauro Cyril akadzidza geometry, dialectics, svomhu, nezvenyeredzi, zvinotaurwa nevezvematongerwe uye uzivi kubva yakanakisisa unyanzvi muna Constantinople. Nokuda kwayo anokudzwa mavambo, aigona kuvimba ane revatongi muchato uye muhurumende iri yepamusoro echelons simba. Asi jaya aisada mugumisiro wakadaro, uye akava muchengeti raibhurari mutemberi huru munyika - Hagia Sophia. Asi kunyange ipapo haana kugara kwenguva refu, uye pasina nguva akatanga kudzidzisa ari Moscow University. Nemhaka kwakajeka kukunda nharo kwouzivi akanga remadunhurirwa rokuti muzivi, izvo dzimwe nguva kunoitika muna historiographical zvinyorwa.

Cyril aiziva mambo, uye kunyange akaenda basa rake caliph vaMuslim. Muna 856, iye boka vadzidzi vakasvika wemamongi iri Muduku Olympus, apo munin'ina wake akanga abbot. Zvaiva imomo kuti Kirill I Mefody, uyo Biography akanga zvino chokuita chechi, yakasarudza kusika arufabheti nokuda Slavs.

Kushandura mabhuku echiKristu kupinda necheSalvic

Muna 862, pashure Prince Rostislav pamusoro Moravia akasvika Constantinople. Ivo mumaoko Kesari shoko kubva mutongi wavo. Rostislav akakumbira vaGiriki kumupa vakadzidza varume vaigona kudzidzisa nokutenda necheSalvic kwechiKristu mumutauro wavo. rubhabhatidzo ichi rudzi zvakaitika izvi pamberi, asi basa rimwe nerimwe rakaitirwa yokumwe rurimi, chakanga chaizvo dzamira. The Patriarch uye Kesari nyaya chikumbiro nemumwe uye yakasarudza kubvunza Tesaronika hama vakaenda Moravia.

Cyril, Methodius vavo vadzidzi vakatanga basa guru. mutauro First, zvange rakashandurwa mabhuku dzinokosha vechiKristu vakava Bulgarian. Biography pakati Cyril naMethodius, pfupiso riri neimwe necheSalvic munhoroondo bhuku, anozivikanwa huru basa hama Psalter, Epistle uye Evhangeri.

Kuenda Moravia

Vaparidzi vaenda kuna muMoravia, apo vakanga makore matatu basa, uye vachidzidzisa vanhu kuverenga nokunyora. Kuedza vavo akabatsira rubhabhatidzo vokuBulgaria, kwakaitika mugore 864. Naivowo vakashanyira dzokuTranscarpathia Rus uye Pannonia, izvo vakarumbidza nokutenda yechiKristu necheSalvic mitauro. Cyril naMethodius, pfupi Biography kunosanganisira zvakawanda kufamba kwose kwose kunyatsoteerera kuwana vateereri.

Kunyange muMoravia vaiva vachinetsana vapristi German vaivapo aine Mission zvakafanana. Chinokosha musiyano pavo ndiko kusada yevaKaturike kutungamirira kunamata mumutauro kwechiSlavonic. chinzvimbo ichi chakatsigirwa yeRoma Church. Sangano iri anotenda kuti arumbidzwe Mwari anogona chete kuva mumitauro mitatu: Latin, chiGiriki nechiHebheru. tsika iyi iripo emakore akawanda.

The schism huru pakati pevaKaturike Orthodox haana zvaitika asi, saka Papa akanga achiri mwoyo vapristi Greek. Akadana hama Italy. Vaida kuuya kuRoma kuti vadzivirire chinzvimbo chake uye oblagorazumit vokuGermany muMoravia.

Brothers muRoma

Cyril naMethodius, ane Biography anokudzwa yeRoma, vakasvika Adrian II muna 868. Akasvika nekuyanana pamwe nevaGiriki uye akapa dzavo kuti munotenderana Slavs kungaita kunamata kwavo mitauro. Morava (madzitateguru pakati Czechs) vakabhabhatidzwa mabhishopi veRoma, ndizvo zviri pamutemo pasi wenharaunda yaitongwa Papa.

Nepo Italy, Constantine akarwara chaizvo. Paakaziva kuti akanga ava kufa, Greek akatora schema uye akagamuchira yemamongi zita Cyril, uyo akava aizivikanwa historiography uye dzakakurumbira ndangariro. Paaiva ava kutandadza, akabvunza mukoma wake kwete kusiya basa mukuru rokudzidzisa, uye kuramba basa rake pakati Slavs.

Vakaramba vachiparidza Methodius

Kirill I Mefody, pfupi Biography iri zvakabatanidzwa vakatsva airemekedzwa muMoravia muupenyu hwake. Kana munin'ina kareko, zvakanga nyore zvikuru kuramba kuita basa ravo pane makore 8 apfuura. Zvisinei, munguva pfupi, mamiriro ezvinhu akachinja munyika. Vaimbove Prince Rostislav vakakundwa Svyatopolk. gavhuna mutsva akatungamirirwa neMweya vanoitisana German. Izvi zvakaita kuti achinje pane murwiyo vapristi. VokuGermany vakatanga zvakare lobbying pfungwa mharidzo Latin. Vakatoita Methodius kumonasitiri. Kana uyu vakaziva Pope John VIII, vakarambidza vokuGermany kuitisa yokunamata chero havasi kusunungura muparidzi.

With kurwisa kwakadaro akanga asati asangana Kirill I Mefody. Biography, zvisikwa zviri necheSalvic nearufabheti , uye zvose zvine chokuita noupenyu hwavo, izere zviitiko zvinoshamisa. Mugore 874 Methodius akazosunungurwa, uye kamwe zvakare akava bhishopi. Zvisinei, kare muRoma akabvazve mvumo rayo kunonamata mutauro Moravian. Kunyange zvakadaro, muparidzi akaramba kuteerera runonyengera kosi yeRoma. Akatanga kuparidza uye kuitisa chakavanzika Rites mutauro necheSalvic.

Recent kuitwa Methodius

kutsungirira kwake kwakanga kusiri pasina. Kana vokuGermany akaedza zvakare kuti blacken naye pamberi Church, Methodius akaenda kuRoma uye kuonga mano ayo mukurukuri akakwanisa kudzivirira pfungwa dzake maonero pamberi papa. Akapiwa nzombe chaiyo, iyo zvakare akabvumira yokunamata mumitauro yemo.

Slavs kukosheswa kurerutsa hondo dzakarwiwa pedyo Kirill I Mefody, pfupi Biography iyo rwaioneka kunyange ngano dzekare. Nguva pfupi asati afa, munin'ina vakadzokera Byzantium uye Constantinople rakaitirwa akawanda. guru basa rake rakapera akashandurirwa necheSalvic "Testamende Yekare", iro kwakamubatsira vadzidzi vakatendeka. Akafa muna 885 muMoravia.

Zvichireva hama basa

Alphabet akasika hama pakupedzisira kupararira Serbia, Croatia, Bulgaria uye Russia. Nhasi, ari Cyrillic arufabheti rinoshandiswa zvose Eastern Slavs. Russian ichi, Ukrainians uye Belarusians. Biography pamusoro Cyril naMethodius vana kuchikoro zvidzidzo ari munyika idzi.

Sezvineiwo, chepakutanga arufabheti wakasika nehama, akazova Glagolitic mu historiography. Her dzimwe nzira, anozivikanwa somunhu Cyrillic arufabheti, kwakaonekwa gare gare nokuda kwemabasa vadzidzi Kujekerwa. gakava iri dzesayenzi richiri kushanda. Chinetso ndechokuti haana hwakawanda huripo zvinyorwa zvekare, izvo aigona zvechokwadi chero Kunyanya pfungwa maonero. Tsanangudzo dzinovakwa chete yechipiri magwaro akazviratidza gare gare.

Zvisinei, mupiro hama rakaoma kuona. Kirill I Mefody, mumwe Biography pfupi izvo zvinofanira kuzivikanwa kuti ose Slav, kwete chete vakabatsira kuparadzira chiKristu, asiwo kusimbisa national kuziva pakati pavanhu. Uyezve, kunyange uchifunga kuti Cyrillic arufabheti akasikwa vadzidzi hama, kuti vachiri akavimba basa ravo. Izvi zvinonyanya kuoneka pana phonetics. The ano Cyrillic arufabheti vakatora Audio pakuderedza ari mabhii akanyorwa kuti zvave vaparidzi dzichitaurwa.

Uye Western uye Eastern Church vanoziva kukosha mabasa kuti vaiva Kirill I Mefody. Short Biography nokuti kudzidzisa vana ikoko siyana mabhuku dzidzo nhoroondo uye mutauro wokuRussia.

In nyika yedu kubva 1991, rinoti gore negore National zororo kuna hama kuTesaronika. Inonzi Zuva necheSalvic Literature uye Culture uye Panewo muna Belarus. In Bulgaria, akasimbisa Order muzita ravo. Kirill I Mefody, zvinonakidza zvinhu kubva Biography iyo inobudiswa monographs siyana, anoramba atambudzwe itsva vatsvakurudzi mutauro uye nhoroondo.