Graphite: yanyunguduka tembiricha, Properties uye Applications

Graphite anoreva zvicherwa zvakasiyana pakawanda mu hunobatsira kushandiswa. Itsika kufambidzana nayo pamwe coloring nyaya, asi ichi hakungoitwi kugona kwaro. Panguva iyoyowo rimwe havagoni kutaura yose sezvakaita kushandisa iyi, nokuti ayo layered marongerwo uye anosarudza kukura kwebasa chikumbiro. Tisingatauri kudiwa rinokosha kugadzira zvinhu. Chokwadi kuti utsotso pfungwa graphite mu Celsius anogona kusvika 2800 ° C, iyo kunoda kunobatanidza unyanzvi zvivako nokuda kwezvifananidzo zvaAtemisi okupedzisira zvigadzirwa.

ehupfumi kuti graphite

Pakati inokosha kuita zvinoitwa zvicherwa akatorazve chafariz conductivity, kukwanisa kuita nemunhu ane Magetsi uye softness pamusoro mamiriro, izvo, zvisinei, haiwanzofarirwi ndinoiitawo graphite nyaya. Panyaya chafariz conductivity, zvinogona kusvika 2400 W / (m * K) kana kupfuura. zvazvingava Izvi zvinoenderana nemamiriro arambe achirema mashoko. Pazvese, ari graphite, utsotso tembiricha yakanga dzaisiyana iri kuwanda 2500 - 3000 ° C, zvinova manyoro chivako. Izvi zvinogona kuva zvinobatsira kuti uwane Kuziviswa chicherwa zvivako zviri waya, asi kupisa kurapwa zvinoshamisa kunoderedza kwomuviri simba unhu. Somugumisiro, graphite anogona kubudirira sezvo simbi iri magetsi muitiro, asi nekuda fragility achava unusable ari zvikuru Chinyorwa oparesheni.

chicherwa wo zvakasiyana reactivity uchikurukura reactive zvinhu, kusanganisira munyu uye alkali simbi. Zvisinei, izvi zvinoenderana mamiriro ezvinhu ane graphite. Utsotso pfungwa dzinenge 2800 ° C (nenguva iyo chicherwa iri vakaita pamwe okisijeni) angaguma combustion kuti carbon dioxide inobvisa inotungamirwa.

utsotso pfungwa

The chakarondedzera kutonhora panguva iyo utsotso anogona kuwanikwa graphite vari siyana chaizvo. Zvakawanda zvinoenderana Somuenzaniso, kubva kumugumo zvebasa kuvhiyiwa. Temperature uyewo kuona zvakatipoteredza ezvinhu uye zvinoitwa zvikuru chicherwa, uye kushandisa kupisa kurapwa panguva dzimwe nzira kufurira graphite. Utsotso tembiricha panguva iyo zvinobvira kuwana vakagadzirira kushandisa graphite, anoda kubatsira kubvira 2600 kusvika 3800 ° C. Also aiita kukarukureta Kelvin. Muchiitiko chino, yatova runosvika 4000 ° K, asi kukosha ichi chinogona akawedzera zvichienderana kumanikidzwa chinoratidza. Kazhinji, kunyunguduka graphite anobudiswa pasi kufurirwa 105 - 130 kamwechete.

Kubika pfungwa

Kudiwa Kupisa kurapwa nokuti mabhizimisi achitsvaka yokugadziridza kuita kwemashoko kuti kusika tibudirire zvigadzirwa. Zvishoma yaiwanzoshandiswa nzira vachiuya mota zvicherwa, asi vanobvumira kuti kuvandudza zvimwe zvivako yechivako chacho. Mubvunzo chii utsotso tembiricha uye kubika kudziya graphite zvinowanzosanganisira kutaridzwa chete siyana - kubva 3800 kusvika 4200 ° C. Rezasi chikumbaridzo rinotsanangura mamiriro utsotso, uye okumusoro - kufashaira zvinhu. Zvakare, zvichienderana hunhu graphite uye dzakasiyana ayo ezvinhu chafariz kukanganisa kuwana zvinodiwa mamiriro zvicherwa - Kubika kana utsotso pfungwa - anogona wekuita.

kugamuchira Michina

Vanenge vose graphite zvigadzirwa kugumisa-kushandiswa inozviisa processing kushandiswa. A nzira kubudisa graphite anosarudza mhando zvinhu. Kazhinji, iri nzira musiyano kunokonzerwa chete simba tembiricha. Saka muchidziisa musanganiswa kukwirira kwenzwi chemubhotoro uye graphite manzwirwa achesonovsky. utsotso uye achibika netembiricha mune iyi yaizova 2800 uye 4200 ° C azvaitwa. Thermomechanical kugadzira chidobi chemubhotoro muvhenganiswa anopa nezvemidzimu pamwe chete parameters kudziyisa - musiyano nhema chete pakushandisa carbide-nokuumba zvinoriumba. Low prices nokupisa kurapwa vakasiyana pyrolysis nzira. Muchiitiko chino, dzinongoitika graphite unogadzurudzirwa kubva gaseous Mahydrocarbon mu Vacuum pa 1500 ° C. In ichi vakagovera kutonhora uye kubudiswa nzira hwokubereka chawo wemisanganiswa graphite. ruzivo izvi zvinosanganisira achazoburuka, umo kunonoka kutonhora uremu simbi.

Kushandiswa graphite

graphite ehupfumi, sezvo dzatoona, vakabvumira kuti kuwana paupamhi kushanda muminda siyana. Rinoshandiswa nenzira zvaAtemisi electrodes, nepenzura, safeners, bhuku rwodzi zvinhu uye kunyange kuva noukama. Thermal yepamusoro chicherwa kutsunga richibatsira kwayo sechikamu mevira zvivako. Somuenzaniso, ari graphite lining ndiro uye kuti crucibles. Asi zvikuru kunobva zvikurukuru kwemarudzi, iro rinotaura graphite. Utsotso pfungwa dzimwe mhando zvinhu ndiyo 2600 ° C, Somuenzaniso, anobvumira kushandisa kwavo maindasitiri chafariz kugadzira makamuri. Asi electrochemical unhu kubvumira kushandisa ruzhinji zvigadzirwa kubva graphite sezvo muitisi zvinhu kwezvivako.

mhedziso

Graphite zvinhu zvinogona kuonekwa sechinhu anonzwisisa yemibvunzo nokushandiswa mumaindasitiri siyana. Quality zvemagetsi uye chafariz conductivity, kunyange parutivi mumuviri fragility uye mwero dziine zvokuimba rakavimbika, asi mukana mukuru kushandiswa zvikuru unyanzvi chicherwa. Mumaonero maindasitiri kubudiswa mitemo, graphite utsotso tembiricha pamwero, inova avhareji 2800 ° C, hakukoshi. Kuronga utsotso muitiro kana achibika emashoko haagoni kuwana kunyange chiduku zvebhizimisi mubasa zvaAtemisi electrochemical chisimbiso. Chimwe chinhu ndechokuti pagadzirwe okupedzisira zvigadzirwa zvakagadzirwa graphite kunoda kupisa kurapwa kwete chete.