King French Francis II uye Mary Stuart

The ramangwana Mambo Francis II akaberekwa mumhuri Henry II (1519-1559) uye Ekateriny Medichi (1519-1589). Zvino negore regumi nerimwe muchato korona peya, January 19, 1544. Mwana ainzi pashure sekuru vake, Francis I. Nokuda chokwadi kuti Catherine asina kupa ibereke mugari wenhaka, yakanga abviswa mambo, akanga achigara chaanodisisa Diane of Poitiers.

babyhood

Francis II akakurira Saint-Germain Palace. Raiva dzokugara ane Parisian kurimwe pamahombekombe ari Seine. Mwana akabhabhatidzwa February 10, 1544 mu Fontainebleau. King-sekuru nenguva knighted naye. Godparents akava Pope Paul III uye tete Margarita Navarrskaya.

Muna 1546, mucheche akava mubati Languedoc, uye gore gare gare vakagamuchira zita Dauphin, pashure pokufa sekuru vake uye baba, Henry II akava mambo. Mwana aiva zvevapi vamazano zhinji, kusanganisira musayendisiti kubva Naples Greek. Muduku mugari wenhaka akadzidza kutamba uye noruzhowa (kwaiva chiratidzo tsika dzakanaka panguva iyoyo).

sangano muchato

Unokosha waiva mubvunzo kuroorana uye kuenderera imba. Henry II akasarudza kuti mwanakomana wake achawana mukadzi wake Mary Stuart - Mambokadzi Scotland. Iye akaberekwa musi waDecember 8, 1542 uye kubvira pamazuva okutanga chaizvo kugamuchira zita rake, nokuti ipapo rufu baba vake, James V. Chokwadi, nokuti anotonga dzepedyo hama Dzheyms Gamilton (Earl pamusoro Arran).

Nepo mubvunzo zvechitendero zvakakomba. France uye Scotland vaiva munyika Catholic. England akahwina chechi yavo yeRoma. Naizvozvo, zviremera kunyika nhatu haisi zvakawanda mhanya pakati tagutsikana vanovatsigira. Apo Scotland kukakunda ari "French" pati, vakuru vakasarudza kupa shoma mambokadzi Dauphin kubva kuParis. The initiator chokubatana ichi chakava Cardinal Devid Biton, uyo akaendesa Hamilton.

Panguva iyo nyika pakarepo nechisimba British nemauto. Machechi Catholic zvakaparadzwa, uye murimi mudiki nyika zvakaparadzwa. Vairatidzira kufanorongwa pamusoro wokuScotland makurukota, vakanga vasingadi kuti tobvuma kuti ayo muvakidzani wokumaodzanyemba nokutyisa nomumwe. Pakupedzisira regents Maria akatendeukira rubatsiro France. Paiva nevarwi mukutsinhana chivimbiso chokuroorana. Muna August 1548 Maria, uyo achangobva akatendeuka nemakore mashanu, akagara pamusoro chikepe ndokuenda ramangwana murume.

Kumuchato Maria Stuart

Girl, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, akanga muzukuru Claude De achinyepera - kuda yeFrance mumwe avakuru zvikuru munyika. Akatora hanya naye uye rubatsiro panguva mudare kusvikira parufu rwake, hwasvika ari seane uchenjeri wamambo muna 1550. The mwenga zvisiriizvo varefu kuti zera rake, apo François II, nekusiyana, vari pedyo vakaderera kukura inozivikanwa. Pasinei neizvi, ramangwana Henry II nomuroora aifarira, uye akati nokugutsikana, kuti vana vajaire mumwe pamusoro nguva.

The muchato kwakaitika April 24, 1558. The muchato itsva zvaireva kuti mune ramangwana vana vaviri achakwanisa nokubatanidza zvigaro Scotland uye France pasi rimwe tsvimbo. Uyezve, Mary ndiye mukuru-muzukuru waMambo Henry VII. Izvi aizopa vana vake chikonzero chepamutemo zvinoda chigaro muLondon. Kusvikira rufu rwake, Francis II akaramba mambo Vahosi vana Scotland. Zita rokuremekedza iri haana kupa simba chaiye, asi vakanochengeta mamiriro mutongi mumwe. Asi vaviri kumbova nevana pfupi muchato wavo. Izvi zvakanga nokuda muduku pakati Dauphin uye zvirwere zvinobvira.

kutevedzana pachigaro

Padikidiki gore pashure muchato (10 July 1559) Francis II Valois akava mambo nokuda kufa kwababa vake. Henry II vakapemberera muchato mumwe wevanasikana wake uye dzinozivikanwa akaronga joust. King akarwa mumwe vakokwa - Gabriel of Montgomery. Count pfumo akaputsa pamusoro goko Henry banzurwa ake aiva gavhuna muziso. The ronda afa sezvo chikonzero kuzvimba. King akafa, pasinei nokuti rubatsiro akapa vanachiremba yakaisvonaka Europe, kusanganisira Andreas Vezaly (muvambi ano anatomi kudzidzisa). Zvinofungidzirwa kuti rufu Henry akanga nezvacho Nostradamus, uyo, sezvinei, achiri mupenyu panguva iyoyo.

September 21, 1559 Francis II Valois akanga korona pa Reims. The kupira nedzokuisa korona hwakapiwa Cardinal Charles de achinyepera. Korona kwakanga kwanyanya kwazvo zvokuti dare aifanira kumutsigira. Charles aiva mumwe regents ari ndima chete Vanasekuru yaMariya mumwe achinyepera mhando. Zviri zvakare simba guru mai vomwana yakapiwa, Ekaterina Medichi. Mukomana mambo apedza zvose kupembedza nguva yake pamusoro varaidzo: kuvhima, vakaronga Tournaments uye akafamba varaidza dzavo dzoushe.

kusada yake yakawanda yokunyatsoongorora remabasa wehurumende zvakatowanda chakasimudzira ruvengo pakati siyana nemhuri dare, aishuva kuratidzirwa simba chairo. Giza, izvo yova mutemo munyika vari kutarisana nematambudziko zvemukati kugungwa, imwe neimwe iyo seari kune rumwe.

Nezvinetso Treasury

Wokutanga waiva nyaya dzemari. Francis II uye Mary Stuart akamuka choumambo pashure hondo akawanda anokosha pamwe Habsburgs, vakatanga yapfuura Valois. Hurumende akakwereta mari kubva mabhanga, zvakazoita chikwereti mamiriyoni 48 mafranc, apo papfuma youmambo nokuti gore akapiwa mamiriyoni chete 12 mari.

Nokuda kwaizvozvi, Giza akatanga kutevera mutemo nemari zvemari, waiva mumwe zvikonzero unpopularity kwavo munzanga. Uyezve, hama akatsaura kubhadhara mauto. Masoja kazhinji wakaderedzwa, uye varwi vakawanda vakarasikirwa nemabasa avo, uye ipapo zvokudya munzvimbo makororo kana chikamu muhondo zvechitendero, mari pavanotaurirana vose vose. Ndaisafara uye chivanze, dzarasika umbozha yavo.

vatorwa negwaro

In vatorwa mutemo, Francis II uye ake nemakurukota vakaedza kuramba uchiedza kukurudzira uye norugare vaitevera kuguma Italian Wars. Yakanga dzakatevedzana yokurwisana nezvombo, Munotatamura ari penguva kubvira 1494 kusvika 1559. Henry II pfupi asati afa akapedzisa Kato Kambreziysky nyika. The chibvumirano chaiva mapepa maviri.

chibvumirano yakatanga yakasainwa pamwe Mambokadzi England Elizabeth I. Maererano naye, nokuti France rwakanga rwakakura atora Calais yegungwa, asi mukutsinhana, Paris aifanira kubhadhara 500,000 korona. Zvisinei, Giza, nematambudziko guru chikwereti munyika, vakasarudza kupa mari kuti nhare. Nguva yaratidza kuti 500 000 ECU vakaramba chete papepa, ukuwo mutsvina yadzo akaratidza pfuma kuFrance. Hapana inoshora, kusanganisira Francis II. Biography rejaya mambo anotaura kunonyatsopupurira pamusoro chii haana vanoda kutanga mumaoko avo.

miganhu zvichemo

The chibvumirano wechipiri, nemasaini Cateau-Cambrésis, kuyananiswa France uye Spain. Akanga zvikuru inorwadza. France hachisisina munzvimbo huru. Akapa Habsburgs Thionville, neguta reMarienburg, Luxembourg, uyewo dzimwe nzvimbo dziri Charolais uye Artois. Duke pamusoro savoy (Spain shamwari) kubva Paris, savoy, Piedmont. Republic of kuGenoa akaenda Corsica.

Francis akanga asina sarudzo, asi zvinoenderana chibvumirano clauses, nokubuda chimuka baba vake, nokuti chii Spain pakupedzisira vaitungamirira chinzvimbo Old World, apo France inogarwa munyika kukakavara, haaigona kuita chinhu kumisa izvi.

Chimwe chinofadza pfungwa chibvumirano chakanga kuti Emmanuel Philibert (nashe pamusoro savoy) vakaroora Tete Francis, Margaret. muchato ichi zvapera paitonga muduku mambo. Imwe muchato kwakaitika pakati Firipi Spain uye hanzvadzi Francis - Elizabeth.

Uyewo paitonga Francis akaramba mirefu kwakadzama pamwe Spanish korona kuvadzorera kuRwanda ari hostages kumativi maviri kumuganhu. Vamwe vavo vaiva mumajeri kwemakumi emakore.

Panguva iyoyo muScotland kumukira vakatanga Lords Mapurotesitenzi pamusoro French regents. The chitendero yepamutemo chakashanduka ipapo pakarepo ose Parisian Mamaneja akasiya nyika.

dzechitendero hondo

Hama Giza vaiva yehutapatira yeRoma. Ivo akatanga nzira itsva sefungu udzvanyiriri kuzorwa vairatidzira, vaigara France. chiyero ichi akabvumira mambo François II, akapa vanoenda-mberi pamusoro rusununguko chiito Vanasekuru wake. Huguenot akatevera kusvikira mukanyiwa vaiurayiwa. Dzavo nzvimbo ungano uye kushamwaridzana zvakaparadzwa, sokunge hosha mumabharaki.

VaKaturike vaishora zvakaitwa Protestant webato, iro akanga vatungamiri vavo pasuwo ramambo. Vaiva hama yokure mutongi Antuana De Bourbon (King yeNavarre, gomo duku) uye Lyudovika Konde. Vari anonziwo "Blood Prince" (kureva vaiva nhengo Capetian youmambo, izvo zvinosanganisira ushe Valois).

Ambauzsky zano

Muna March 1560 ari Huguenots kupindura zviito vaKaturike kufanorongwa Ambauzsky kumukira. Yaiva kuedza akandosungawo Francis musungwa uye kumumanikidza kuti kure pachake kubva achinyepera hama. Zvisinei, chinotangira urongwa zvakazivikanwa youmambo uye akatora utiziro Ambauze - A guta riri Loire, uye ndiyo mwoyo France. Kunyange zvakadaro, vakanga vamukira vakasarudza kutora mukana. kuedza pavakatadza, vanopinda nechisimba akaurayiwa muchitokisi.

Izvi zvakaita kuti kutambudzwa nokuda nevaPurotesitendi. Vakamutonga anenge pasina kutongwa. Antuan De Bourbon uye Lyudovik Konde vakasungwa uye mhosva kumukira. Vakaponeswa chete chokuti ivo akamiririra mai vamambo Ekaterina Medichi. Iye, kufanana zhinji vairemekedzwa shure kwake, akanga mwero munhau dzechitendero, uye kuedza kusvika nekuyanana pakati pevaKaturike uye Huguenots. Maiva muna December 1560.

kuyananiswa Policy

Mushure kuchiva kwakadaro muchitendero mutemo vakava manyoro, izvo chagamuchirwa Francis 2. ushe hwake aizivikanwa chokuti vasungwa vose vakasunungurwa nechitendero. Kubvira panguva Henry II yakanga zororo wokutanga. Muna May 1560, imwe mutemo wakapiwa, uyo akasaina Francis II. Duke pamusoro Brittany (mumwe ake okuremekedza akawanda) kokutanga akataura pamusoro nehana.

Muna April, Mambokadzi Amai France yakazivisa chanzera Michel de l'Hôpital. Aiva mushandi wehurumende mukurumbira, mudetembi uye humanist panguva. Writer yakabudiswa nhetembo muchiLatin, umo vakatevedzera Horace yekare. vakashumira baba vake pamberi Charles de Bourbon. Anoshivirira Michelle akatanga kutevera mutemo wokubvumira. Nokuti Nhaurirano pakati anorwisana nokureurura vakanga musangano iri States General (kekutanga mumakore 67). Nokukurumidza pashure chirevo zvakapfuudzwa yakaitwa of L'Hôpital. Akabvisa rufu mutongo mhosva chitendero. Mamwe mabasa mutemo akasara bhodhi, ane chiso aiva Francis II. Children pachigaro choushe vakatanga kubudirira mumwe sezvo inofadza coquette kuchinja magiravhusi.

Francis nokutapwa rufu Mary

Francis II - King of France - vasingagoni arambe zviitiko izvi. The nzeve yakanga pakarepo vakaumba fistula kuti akakonzera dzinouraya neronda rinonyenga. December 5, 1560-makore 16 mambo zvapfuura muna Orleans. Akakwira choushe kutevera mwanakomana Henry II - Charles X.

mudzimai Francis Mary Stuart vake vakadzokera kunyika yavo musha, apo pakazotanga nevaPurotesitendi akakunda. bato ravo vakarayira kuti wechiduku dzamambokadzi rotonhorera pamwe yeRoma. The musikana akakwanisa kuita pakati mapato maviri kuti kunetsana kusvikira kunyimwa choumambo muna 1567, akabva vakatizira England. Ikoko iye muusungwa panguva Elizabeth Tudor. Plaid rave akacherechedza mune hanya kunyorerana ane mumiririri Catholic naye iye chikwata ari kuedza musi Mambokadzi England. Somugumisiro, Mariya akaurayiwa muna 1587 aine makore 44.