Howitzer "Tulip". "Tulip" - 240 mm self-propelled mortar unit

Russia inyika huru, inosangana nenyika yose. Somugumisiro, zvinenge nguva imwe neimwe yenguva, mauto ehondo ari kuitika, umo mauto eRussia, kana kuti zvombo zvishoma zveRussia nemotokari dzehondo, dzinobatanidzwa. Sezvo wakashanyira muParadendi yeHurumende mumaguta akasiyana-siyana, unogona kuona kuti zvigadzirwa zvemichina zvakasiyana sei: magetsi, tangi, missile mauto, madori uye motokari kune zvinangwa zvakasiyana-siyana.

Vakatanga kupa mazita avo kune zvisingajairika: Strizh naMig, the Grad, Smerch, Peony uye mapafu anovhiringidzika emagetsi, Acacia, Hyacinth uye Tulip. Howitzer "Tulip" - imwe yemaruva akanaka emapurisa, ngationgororei zvakajeka.

Nhoroondo yezvisikwa

Panguva yeKrushchev, mauto emasvingo aitaura kuti haana kufanana nezvinodiwa nenguva. Kuvandudzwa kwezvombo zvaidiwa. Panguva iyoyo, muchikamu chekuedza chekuedza, pakanga pane mazano akawanda akavimbisa akapinda muzvombo zveimwe tangi. Asi urongwa hunogamuchirwa, uye mishini yacho yakabviswa.

Chimwe chinhu chakachengetedzwa pane imwe nzvimbo, ruoko rwomumwe munhu haruna kumuka kuti rutsakatise zvisikwa zvaro, uye nokuda kweizvi, mutsotsi weAn anti-tank SU-100P "Taran" ikozvino uri mumusorosoro anozivikanwa wemotokari dzakagadzirirwa muKubinka.

Hondo muVietnam yakaratidza zvakajeka gomba rezvombo zvedu kubva kuAmerica. IUnited States yakashandisa iyo M109, iyo yakarova chinangwa chiri kure kusvika kusvika 14 km. Zvakaitika kare zvakayeukwa zvinonzwisisika, IWest West yakanga ichibatanidza nekugadzirwa kwezvombo. Zvadaro kusikwa kwezvombo zvekugadzira zvombo zvakatangwa muUrials - Acacia, Hyacinth uye Tulip - mhedzisiro, mufananidzo waro unoratidzwa pasi apa. Mitemo yakapiwa zvakajeka, uye ikozvino muna 1971, makemheni aya akaedzwa uye akaiswa mubasa. Kubvira panguva iyoyo, vanoramba varipo, zvisizvo, pamwe nekugadziriswa uye kugadziriswa.

Chinangwa chekuisa "Tulip"

Ima 240 mm self-propelled mortar unit yakagadzirirwa kuparadza zvivako nemasvingo ayo muvengi anoshandisa sechifukidzo chevashandi vavo, zvigadzirwa, murairo uye nhaurirano, zvombo, nezvimwewo, zvisingakwanisi kugadzirisa moto. Izvo hazvina mifananidzi munyika, mafigiro nemafuta emamwe nyika ane zvinyorwa zvishoma uye zvakasiyana zvachose.

Mukuwedzera kune zvikwata zvekare, kuchema "Tulip" kunogona kupfura zvombo zvenyukireya, iyo pachayo inoramba yakasununguka kubva pakaputika. Pamberi pe "Tulip" yakange yakashongedzerwa 240-mm matope M-240, yakashandiswa kubvira muna 1950. Muna 1971 vaive nemafungiro akafanana mukupfura nekupinza simba, asi dhaka M-240 harina kufamba, risingachinjiki, inoda Nguva yekuunza kunzvimbo yekugadzirira hondo, chinangwa nekusiya nzvimbo yekufambisa.

Kuvakwa kwemotokari yehondo

"Tulip" - 240-mm-self-propelled mortar unit. Izvo zvakagadziriswa zvekuiswa kwacho ndezvepakutanga. Izvo zvose zvombo zvekushandisa zviri padenga reimba, vashandi, zvombo nemichina zviri mu chasisi. Kuruboshwe ndidzo tsvimbo yemutungamiriri.

Zvombo izvi zvinosanganisira gumi-inoshanda-yakagadziriswa uye 20 migodhi yakakura-kuputika. A hydraulic system inogadzirirwa zvinhu zvose zvevhu zvinokonzerwa kupisa. Kuna baba vake M-240 zvose zvakaitwa nemaoko. Kushandura kwakagadzirwa nemichina, doro, kutakurwa kunoitwa kubva kumhepo inoputika. Pano pane gwaro rekushandisa rinoshandiswa nekubatsirwa kweganeti.

Mvura yakakura yepamusoro-soro yeF-864 ine masero 130,7 kg, mairi kune mishanu mhirizhonga yemhosva, iyo inopa kukurumidza kumigodhi. MuWestern press, zvakashumwa kuti M-240 yakagadzirwa uye yakatanga kushanda-inogadziriswa migodhi ine zvombo zvenyukireya.

Injini ye diesel ye "Tulip" B-59 inobvumira kukura kusvika kusvika 60 km / h pa asphalt uye kusvika 30 km / h pa primer.

Maererano nezvinodiwa zvemazuva ano hondo inonzi "Tulip" yakagadzirirwa nehurongwa hwekuchengetedza uye inogona kukurira nzvimbo yakatapukirwa uye inoshanda pairi. Nzira yekutakura uye yakaenzana yemashini haisati yakagadzirirwa kugadziriswa kwechinzvimbo chekupfura.

Chisiki chechibage chakashandiswa kubva pane chimwe chinhu 305, icho chakafanana zvikuru nechasisi ye "anti-aircraft complex" Krug ". Zvombo zvemauto "Tulip" zvinomira zvimiti zve 7-62 caliber type B-32 kubva kure nemamita 300. I 2B8 dhaka isina chisiki haigone kushandiswa, saka inonzi "Tulip" inorongwa.

Mamiriro

Injini ye-diesel B-59 ine simba re520 mabhiza uye inokubvumira kukura nekukurumidza kusvika kusvika 62.8 km / h. Inokunda rusvingo rwema 700 mm uye rine simba rekuita 500 km. Uyewo, mumugero wemamita matatu uye yakavhara mvura nemvura yakadzika 1 m haigoni kumisa "Tulip".

Inoshandisa nzira yakadaro yevanhu vanosvika 5. I-self-propelled callitzer "Tulip" inorema 27 500 kg, kureba inenge inenge 6,5 m, yakafara mamita matatu uye nechechina, uye kukwirira kuri 3,2 m. Kuwedzera kune bhomba guru re 240 mm, kune zvimwe zvombo zvekubatsira zvinokwana 7.62.

Kupinza kunogona kuita kusvika 1 kudura neminiti, uye pamakona ekutungamira uye kukwirira kwe 80-82 degrees, kukanganiswa kwekwenji ye 50 degrees mortar kunogona kuparadza vavengi zvinhu zvakavanze shure kwezvipingamupinyi, asi zvisingasviki kusvika. Chero chero vatsoropodzi vanoti , iyi inguvo inobudirira - howitzer "Tulip". Nhamba yepfuti huru ndeye 19 km.

Kuedzwa

Mishonga yose yekurwisana kusati kwadzivirira ndeyekuongororwa kwezviedzo. Izvi zvombo zvehondo hazvina kupedza izvi. Mumwe wevanyori vakakurudzira vakataura nyaya pamusoro pekutongwa kwe "Acacia".

Panguva yekutarisa kwekutarisa, pakanga pasina kutarisira kusatarisirwe kwemassile mumutambi, apo yakanga iri munzvimbo yekutanga. Nenzira yakanaka, pakange pasina hurumende mune rocket. Pamusana pekutanga-kukwidza, akazvuzvurudza kusungirirwa kwose, kusvikira asvika pamadziro, ndokubva atyoka ndokutanga kutarisa kuburikidza nekuputika, pasina zvibayiro. Uyewo, "Acacia" yakanga ine dambudziko nekubviswa kwegasi yeupfu, yakawanda muimba yevashambi. Zvaive zvakakosha kusika kupesana kwemajeri, kuitira kuti magasi akabuda kunze kwekushandisa projectile kuburikidza nepfuti.

Izwi rinonzi "Tulip" rakaratidzwa kubva kune yakanakisisa. Sezvinangwa, shongwe dzekrete dzakashandiswa, dzakadzingwa kwemakore akawanda, asi nekuda kwesimba ravo, dzakaparadza zvose. Mushure mokunge volley "Tulip" yakabva kwavari yaingova nenheyo yakadzika yemamita gumi uye yakawandisa.

Zvitsva zvitsva zvekuita

Zvidhinha zvakashandurwa, kuvandudzwa, uye zvitsva zvitsva zvakagadzirwa kwavari. Zvakakodzera kutaura nezvemumwe wangu wakadaro, 1K113 "Smelchak". Yakagadziriswa muma1980. Kusiyana nemugove weguru, inenge iine nguva shoma yekuzarura hwindo re optics re homing uye laser activation kune chinangwa chirevo.

Kwete kure nechinangwa, kure nechekuita 200 kusvika ku 5000 m, imwe nzvimbo inogadziriswa. Iyo inoratidzira chinangwa chete apo minda iri kure nemakiromita 400-800 m.Anopikisana kunyange asina nguva yekupindura, kunyange kana pane chokwadi chekutsanangurwa.

Ipfuti rine shell yakadaro inokonzera chinangwa ne-radius ya 2-3 m uye inogona kuva 80-90%.

Tulip muA Afghanistan

Mushure mokunge munda uongororwa zvaive zvakakodzera kutarisa zvombo mumamiriro ezvinhu ekurwisana. Afghanistan ndiyo yaiva yekutanga. "Tulip" yaikosha zvikuru nekukwanisa kwayo kurova muvengi munzvimbo yekugara uye kune rumwe rutivi rwegomo, kuzadza maapako nehomwe imwe uye kudonha marale nekuparadzwa kunoshamisa. Kunyanya kubatsirwa kwe "Tulip" kwakaratidzwa munguva yekuputika kwezvivako, mapapiro 122-mm akaiswa mumadziro evhu, asi 240 mm yakaparadza zvose. Kutenda kumakona ekupfura, iwe unogona kuisa mamita makumi maviri nemakumi maviri kubva pamadziro eimba, kupa huwandu hwemaoko uye kuuraya muvengi, uyo akavanza kubva kune rumwe rutivi rwechivako, kuti azive kuti "Tulip" chii. Mucheka, mutezi kana kungoita kanini - izwi rekugadzira hazvibatsiri kana mabheji achiridza mhere.

Paaishandisa minda "Smelchak", kururamisira kwakawedzera, vakarohwa zvakananga mumapako emapako, apo muvengi aivanda.

Ngarava mwari wehondo

Muchirangaridzo chavo, mauto anowanzozvidemba kuti akanga asina zvombo zvishoma, nokuti hazviitike zvakanyanya. Izvo zvinorema zvinokonzera mhondi zvinokurudzira kuvimba mune zvavo uye zvinokanda muvengi, chaizvoizvo uye nenzira yokufananidzira, muvhu.

Kuiswa "Tulip" kuchiri kushanda. Hapana nyika ine dhaka yeizvi. MuEurope neUnited States, caliber haina kudarika 120 mm.