Kana uye nei kutanga yokutama vazhinji, uye chii vari ahwo?

Kana uye nei kutanga yokutama vazhinji, kare kusvikira zuva hauna kuisa. Zvinofungirwa kuti pakati rechipiri uye rechinomwe remakore AD, madzinza ose Huns, Alans, vokuGermany nevamwe vakawanda. Vaiva kubviswa dzavo dzokugara uye akaenda kumaodzanyemba-kumadokero, apo vakagara okumusoro kunosvika kuna Volga uye Don, muna UK, Spain uye Gaul, nekuodza panguva iyoyo Western Roman muumambo uye "kupedza kubvisa" vakasara munyika yekare. Kunokonzerwa nokusanganisa Roman Latinized navanhu venyika marudzi akava hwaro ano Romance marudzi, pamwe vazhinji mumarudzi ose netsika tsika anyangarika pamberi Earth.

Chikonzero yokutama marudzi kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze?

Kana uye nei kutanga yokutama vazhinji? Uye chii migumisiro? Tinogona kutaura nechivimbo kuti mugumisiro ichi wamboonekwa anga paumbwe mepu enyika uye madzinza ose Europe ano, izvo zvinokosha kuchinja vakazoroorwa kwakadaro ndavhiyiwa ndikasazovapo. Chikonzero mukanyiwa vaitamira rakatanga, Ungangove, nemamiriro okunze, rinozivikanwa okunze pessimum mukuvamba Middle Ages. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti ichi kwacho zvakwatanga munyika dzakasiyana mumakore 250-450 AD uye vakaipedza zvachose kumwe muna 750 gore.

Munguva pessimum avhareji tembiricha wepagore vakava nehafu nedhigirii pazasi kuipa, zvichiguma dzinoverengeka munzvimbo nemigumisiro ine ngozi, sezvo okunze vakava kunaya dzechando - kutonhora.

The zvinokonzera vanogara kuderera

Kuti tinzwisise apo uye nei kutanga yokutama vazhinji, uye chii migumisiro, zvinokosha kudzidza kuchinja zvinhu chokuvapo avanhu Northern Europe munguva pasi pakudzokorora. Masayendisiti akawana kuti mumakore iwayo Alps yekudyidzana kwakawedzera chisarudzo chando. Somugumisiro, muganhu dondo zvava pedyo 200 metres pasi. Nokuda kwechando kusakura vakanga akaona dzemakomo kuva zvisingaiti kukura zviyo uye kubereka waini muGungwa North kumhenderekedzo uye South England kumatunhu nokuda kuitwa semadutu vakanga varasikirwa dzakawanda munyika, kusanganisira yakaorera.

An nzira Version

Funga kana uye nei uye kana kutanga yokutama vazhinji, uye chii migumisiro (zvishoma) sezvo dzakaonekwa muenzaniso rakatumbuka okunze optima pessimums uye (mumazuva ekupedzisira akaona kuwedzera tembiricha), uye inotevera kutonhora anogona kutora nzvimbo mune ramangwana.

Mamwe masayendisiti anodavira kuti Kutama rwezasi marudzi vava zvishoma apfuura, panguva Roman inodziya período apo tembiricha vaiva 1-2 madhigirii kupfuura dzose, uye hakuna kunaya zvakakwana, iyo pamwe chete pave nokubudirira zvokurima uye nezvipfuwo, izvo zvinozoita zvakakonzera kuwedzera kwevanhu. The zvakawedzera nokuwanda kwemadzinza Gepids, Vandals uye akagadzirira zvakatungamirira kuti vamwe vavo vakaenda kumaodzanyemba uye vakagara Sea Black uye Mountains Carpathian pamberi Kutama Great.

Zvakatanga pamwe pachitsuwa domsaga

Vamwe vanyori venhau dzakaitika, tichifunga mubvunzo apo uye nei kutanga yokutama guru vanhu Germany, akati kuti zvichida kwacho vakatanga mugumisiro weGermany madzinza wakagadzirira domsaga uye kumaodzanyemba Sweden ano pakutanga remakore rokutanga AD.

Achitungamirirwa naMambo berig madzinza Gothic akasvika munharaunda vemazuva Poland, uko Vandals vakazodzingwa Rugova uye anomanikidzwa shure mberi kumaodzanyemba. Saka, kusvikira kumuganhu hweRoma muzana remakore rechipiri kokutanga patakasvika weGermany avanhu vakatanga vomanikidza kupfuura geopolitical sangano iyoyo.

Anotikurudzira kubva Asia

Kutaura apo uye nei kutanga yokutama vazhinji, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti panguva yayo zvikuru kushingaira kutotanga, angangoda kukanganisa chaizvo chiitiko. kuchaitwa amarudzi Huns muEurope, 354 BC, apo varwi vakakunda Alan madzinza muna North Caucasus uye vakatora Ostrogothic mamiriro achimhanya Germanarika, kumanikidza marudzi kumavirira (375 gore).

About Huns pachavo mashoko zvishomanana. Vamwe vanyori venhau dzakaitika vanofunga kuti Huns - rudzi "Huns" ( "xiongnu"), aigara ari vanobwembura of Yellow River uye akasika nyika yokutanga anongofamba umambo. In hondo nemadzinza pedyo, kuti Huns vakakurirwa uye zvakamanikidzwa mubve kumavirira, apo yakabonderana madzinza eGermany. Zvisinei, masayendisiti akawanda havatendi Hsiung-Chinese, uye anotenda kuti ndevenyu kana proto-vokuTurkey, uyo dzimwe nguva dzose vaionekwa pikisa uye ropa zvakakwana.

Njodzi makore 536-537. BC

Kuongorora apo uye nei vakatanga yokutama vazhinji, zvakakodzera kufunga kuti ari pakati 6 remakore paiva pfupi ekunze zviitiko munyika yose. Rakanga dzinoratidzwa kuderera mumhepo pachena kuti zvokuti vanhu vairarama munguva chacho akanyora kuti zuva rinopenya somwedzi. Zvinofungirwa kuti ichi dzinongoitika chakajairika waiva mugumisiro mikuru kuputika kwemakomo, dzinopisa (tavurvur kana Krakatoa) kana migumisiro ine kudhumhana huru asteroid nyika. Izvi zvakaitika muna Justinian Kutonga kwemakore 536-537. AD uye Akaperekedzwa vachirwisa dzemasvosve, ivo Huns uye Slavs muThrace uye Illyria, hombe kurasikirwa nevanhu muna North China (kukwira 80%), iyo Resettlement of Slavs pamusoro Elbe, pamapani ari Alps, rezasi kunosvika Danube uye Upper Rhine.

Kana uye nei kutanga yokutama vazhinji? Uye kana hosha mhosva?

Vagari akatora nenzara uye nezvakaipa goho kumaodzanyemba vachirwa zvemo pamwe akabatwa nyika. Uyezve, iyi paiva mutation causative nomumiririri denda (kana skid pamwe mutorwa muviri), izvo zvakaita kuti dambudziko chirwere.

Inogona angapokana kuti chikonzero kuchinja enyika uye madzinza map Europe panguva yakanga ekunze kuchinja, uye zviitiko zvinokosha, achikurumidza kwacho - kurwisa Hun madzinza ari European rudzi.

Kana uye nei kutanga yokutama vazhinji? Uye chii migumisiro? nyaya idzi dzinofanira kuzokurukurwa muzvinyorwa munhevedzano yokuverengwa kwenguva. Pashure kurwisa Huns makore anenge mazana mana BC madzinza ekare eGermany ari Franc vakatanga kugara nzvimbo yomumwe Roma Netherlands ano, ousting kuti Frisians uye Batavians. Muna 401, mambo West akagadzirira Alaric, remuSamoa rakakombwa pamberi Constantinople, uye vakaenda pashure kuti nechiGiriki nyika 395, izvo akaita inotyisa kukundwa uye zvakapambwa, vakatamira nemauto ake uye marudzi Alps uye akapinda Italy, iyo yainzi nerazgrablennoy mupfumi nyika, saka wakafanana wakanga usati akashanyira venyika. Muchirimo wegore 402 Alaric paakatyisidzira kupambwa Tuscany uye Roma pacharo, asi hondo Pollentia nhasi akanga akunda uye akasiya rokuItari nyika. Pano madzoka paya.

Makore mashomanana gare gare (406), musazonetsanazve yakatanga pakati pamarudzi ose Alans, iyo Vandals uye vaFrank Alamanni panyika pamahombekombe Rhine, somugumisiro iyo vaFrank akatamira kuruboshwe kuchamhembe kumahombekombe, uye Alemany - ayo kumaodzanyemba. Vandals uye Suevi (madzinza eGermany pakati Eastern Europe) muna 409 asvika Spain, apo vakagara nechokuchamhembe Iberian Peninsula.

Kuwa Rome pasi yakakuwandira wavaVisigoth

Kana uye nei kutanga yokutama vazhinji, uye zvakaguma, zvinokosha kuziva vose, nokuti kutambudzwa kwacho kuri hunoshamisa.

Muna 410 Visigoth Korol Alarih akadzokera Italy uye akakunda Rome. Izvi pashure pokukundwa Alaric pana Verona, apo vakawanda mauto ake matongo, rakagamuchirwa mutungamiriri wehondo Stilicho uye akagara pasi savoy. Alaric pachake akagumisa Stilihom yeUnited chibvumirano uye zvadaro akatungamirira kwemajoini chiito kuhwina kubva Constantinople muchifarira nharaunda kumabvazuva IRIRIKUMU. Zvisinei, Western uye Eastern Empire pane imwe nguva akapinda Nhaurirano, uye mauto Alaric vakanga vasina aida.

Vanotyisa hondo mikombe vakaenda kusvina yavo. Ivo akamanikidzira vatongi veRoma funga nourongwa noruregerero uwandu matani maviri endarama paminiti nerazgrablenie dzimwe nzvimbo Italy, asi vakanga varamba, zvichiguma katatu kukombwa Rome, Alaric achichinja kusvikira kurutivi muzvizhinji varanda, uye kuwa Rome muna August 410 makore.

madzinza eGermany uye varanda vakapamba guta uye akapisa dzimba zhinji, isingatsiki nechechi masangano, sezvo Alaric akanga vagamuchira chiKristu vaidavira dzidziso dzaArius kunyengetedzwa. Uyezve, mauto ake akaenda kumaodzanyemba kweItaly kubva Sisiri kubatwa zvirongwa uye kuyambuka kuenda kumhenderekedzo Africa, uko Alaric aienda kuwana zviyo vaifanira zvokudya vanhu vayo. Zvisinei, urongwa izvi hachina, sezvinoita dutu iri Strait of Messina akanyura dzakawanda nezvikepe. Alaric akadzokera kuchamhembe kupinda Gaul, asi vakafa munzira kubva muguta Cosenza, uye vakasara Uto rake nevanhu avhenganisa madzinza vemo.

Musha neimwe mamwe marudzi

Kana uye nei kutanga yokutama vazhinji? Muchidimbu, muitiro uyu anosarudza kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze, anganzi sezvinotevera: muna 415 AD, vaVisigoth vakatanga kumanikidza kubva Spain madzinza Vandals, Alans, vaivapo kare. Mugore 449-Saxon madzinza nemarudzi koralliriutta vakakurudzirwa kubva Jutland kweItari kuGermany, muna Britain, uko vakazodzingwa Celtic-vaKristu, pova nhamba zviduku inoti. Kwapera gore, izvozvo awedzera yokutama marudzi mhiri nharaunda vemazuva Romania - Gepids, Huns vakayambukira muna 450, pasi vaAvar - 456 g, Bulgars uye Slavs - muna 680 AD

Mumakore 451-452. budiriro Roman anoitisa kubudirira nemauto akavhiyiwa pamusoro Huns pamusoro Attila vakaenda, ukuwo Ostrogoths kugara vemazuva Hungary muna 453 ne displacing pavo vandals kubva Marita muna 454 BC, uye Vandals vakagara Sardinia (kubvira 458). Muna 476, yokuGermany mutungamiri kunowisira rokupedzisira mambo weRoma. The Roman Empire (West) richaguma kuvapo.

Gare gare (Makore anenge 486) vaFrank uchagara pamusoro munharaunda France ano, Bayern zvinobva Czech Republic kusvika pari Bavaria, Slavs - iri Danubian nyika yaimbova hweRoma, uye Breton, vakatapwa-Saxon vanhu Britain, mujinga kwazvino Brittany.

Ndakapedza muitiro

Kana uye nei kutanga yokutama vazhinji, uye chii vari ahwo? kirasi 6 chikoro - pfupi kudzidza izvi.

Zvinozivikanwa kuti muzana remakore rechitanhatu AD, madzinza necheSalvic vakatora nyika iri kuchamhembe Germany ano (Mecklenburg), kuti Ostrogoths yakapamba anenge yose kuItaly 550 uye 585 - uye rose Spain, apo muna 570 Lower Austria uye ikozvino Hungary vakatora vaAvar muArabhu kubva Asia.

Kunoguma muitiro muzana remakore rechinomwe, yokutama ari Slavs kumabvazuva Elbe, uye vokuCroatia uye vokuSerbia - muna kuDharimatiya ano uye Bosnia, uyewo mune dzimwe dziri Byzantine Empire. The nhamba chaiwo rakazogarwazve uye akafa panguva kwemahofisi vanhu haina kuzivikanwa, asi, sezvo masayendisiti, emamiriyoni evanhu vakatenda kuti dzaona.