Isomers pamusoro heptane: mukuru unhu uye kushandisa

Alkanes (paraffins, yakazara Mahydrocarbon) - biosoedineniya zvinosanganisira chete C uye H maatomu, umo maatomu zvose zviri dzaibatanidzwa nyore Sigma zvisungo. Nyore paraffinic yeHydrocarbon ndiyo methane. Mumwe Zvakazoitwa akatevedzana yeHydrocarbon yakasiyana yapfuura kuboka CH2. Munyaya dzino yeimwe ari pedyo nhengo vakasiyana mumwe musi homology musiyano (CH2) dzino akafanana dzinonzi homologous. nemakemikari zvivako zvakafanana uye utano zvivako For dzino vakadaro dzinoratidzwa siyana nguva dzose.

Kwainyanya kubva kwetunhu alaknov - mafuta. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kunobva nokukanganisika Kuronga dhipoziti. Unsaturated Mahydrocarbon muri tsime rinokosha nokuda formaldehyde, methanol, chloroform, mapurasitiki, chakaita zvokugadzirwa Inogadzirwa nemasiridzi anobuda mumiti, ethers, acetone, glycerol, propylene, polypropylene, chakaita zvokugadzirwa rabha butandienovogo, acetate asidhi etc. In indasitiri alkanes vakawana kubva shale uye mashava marasha. Under kwomuzvarirwo ezvinhu, alkanes - a mishonga inert fuma. At kamuri tembiricha, havaiti kushamwaridzana chero kuramba iine acid sulfate kana alkali simbi kana caustic alkalis. Paraffins nyore vanosangana kuzvitsinhanisa siyana, zvinobuda kuburikidza yakakura mashandiro. In chafariz ezvinhu, vanogona oxidize uye achiona manyowa.

Heptane isomers kunogona kuwanikwa nezvaaitaura kwakajairika nzira kwetunhu alkanes, uyewo voga kubva chakaita zvokugadzirwa peturu kana mafuta. N-Heptane - Hauoneki mvura ine simba hunhu kwakanaka, zvakanaka soluble mu zvinoita zvokufembedzwa (panyaya iyi, chloroform, diethyl Eteri). Heptane isomers, kunyanya triptane (2,2,3-trimethylbutane - CH3-C (CH3) 2-CH (CH3) -CH3) zvinobatsira. remubatanidzwa iri kushandiswa sezvo chirungiso kuti motokari mafuta. Isomers kuti heptane huri peturu zvikamu zviduku mafuta uye gasi condensate. N-Heptane - chikuru mureza kuziva detonation ehupfumi kabhureta rinochiwedzera. Munguva zvokuvandudza pamusoro N-hexane akarega kupinda isomers pamusoro heptane, ipapo anonhuhwirira mukomboni mu degidrotsikliziruetsya - toluene.

In Organic wekemisitiri akapararira chakajairika kuti isomerism. Kune mhando huru mbiri isomerism - STRUCTURAL uye stereoisomers. Mumwe mhando inogona rakakamurwa mifananidzo: isomerism yeHydrocarbon cheni, placement kuti miviri zvisungo uye dzichipfekeka mapoka kune carboxylic kukuru, metamerism, isomers navabati nzvimbo benzelnom core. A nzvimbo inokosha pakati stereoisomerism anotora Manyiminya isomers. Izvi mhando Rinobatanidzwa vachikwanisa vamwe mapoka Organic zvinhu zviri mhinduro kuratidza Manyiminya basa. Zvinhu kuti vanokwanisa nedzokunze Manyiminya basa, rinonzi optically kushingaira zvinhu. Isomerism Organic yeimwe akatsunga kushandisa chaiyo mudziyo - polarimeter. The mudziyo wacho vakapakata prisms maviri Nicolas analyzer polarimetric chubhu.

Optically vanoshingaira yeimwe kazhinji kuvapo sezvo vaviri Manyiminya isomers. Izvi zvinonzi Manyiminya antipodes kana enantiomers. A musanganiswa anoumbwa equimolar yakawanda enantiomeric, optically vakaneta, anonzi racemate kana racemic akakura. Racemates vari runotaurwa chiratidzo ±. Nyore optically kushingaira fuma iri lactate iine acid Morekuru umo uriko asymmetric kabhoni atomu, mumwe Valence iyo unesungano akasiyana substituents mana - rehydrogen, hydroxyl, methyl, uye mapoka carboxyl.

Mumwe Organic remubatanidzwa ane ayo Morekuru chinhu asymmetric kabhoni atomu chiri muchimiro spatial zvitarisiko (mapatani) pamwe zvakafanana zvakafanana maatomu uye mabhomba mapoka akaisa akapoteredza asymmetric kabhoni, saka kuti kana kuabatanidza (zvitarisiko, mapatani) iri nzvimbo asingagoni izadzise madimbu zvizere. mhando ava zvakafanana sezvo kurudyi uye rworuboshwe ruoko munhu kana chinhu chacho girazi mufananidzo. Naizvozvo dzinonzi Chiral isomers uye isomerism - Manyiminya, kana girazi.