Alkali simbi

Alkali nesimbi - francium, necesium, rubidium, potassium, yavaibvisa, lithium - saka akadana nokuda ndechokuti chimiro alkali nokuda kuita nemvura. Nokuda mukuru anokwanisa sei zvinhu izvi zvinofanira kuchengetwerwa pasi paiva mafuta chicherwa kana reparafini. The kupfuura vanoshingaira yeimwe izvi anonzi francium (ndiro radioactive).

Alkali nesimbi - zvinhu dzakapfavirira, silvery ruvara. dzichangobva akacheka pamusoro wavo ane noruzhinji kubwinya. Alkali simbi dziri vavhunduka uye mota yakaderera tembiricha vane yakakwirira chafariz uye magetsi conductivity. Vanewo kamari arambe achirema.

Chemical ehupfumi kuti alkali simbi

Zvinhu nesimba achidzikisa nevasori kuti yeimwe kuratidza mwero wakati oxidation (nemamwe) +1. Kuwedzera mabhomba uremu alkali nesimbi uye kuramba kuderedza kugona. Zvinenge zvose yeimwe vari soluble mumvura, vane Ionic zvakasikwa.

With mwero kudziyisa alkali nesimbi vesa mumhepo. Pavanoparidza hydrogen vanoumba munyu-kufanana fuma hydrides. Combustion zvigadzirwa vari yemanyorero peroxides.

Alkali simbi oxides vari yero nezvishoma (oxides ose rubidium uye potassium), chena (oxides ose yavaibvisa uye lithium) uye orenji (necesium oxide) mavara. oxides izvi vanokwanisa kuita nemvura, acids, okisijeni, asidhi uye amphoteric oxides. Izvi zvinokosha Unhu vari kuri kune vose uye vane raidudzwa hunhu.

peroxides ose alkali nesimbi - upfu yeyero-chena ruvara. Ivo vanokwanisa kuita pamwe carbon dioxide inobvisa uye carbon monoxide magasi, acids, nonmetals, mvura.

alkali simbi hydroxides vari soluble nemvura, zvinhu zvakaoma chena. In yeimwe izvi zvinoratidzwa (inopenya zvakakwana) zvinokosha ehupfumi alkalis. Lithium nezvigadziko kuna Franz simba uye mwero solubility mumvura inowedzerawo. Hydroxides vaiona simba electrolytes zvakakwana. Ivo vanoita pamwe munyu, amphoteric hydroxides uye oxides, vamwe vasiri nesimbi, asidhi oxides. Kunze remubatanidzwa pamwe lithium zororo kuratidza chafariz pakusimba. Calcining lithium hydroxide raro manyowa mumvura uye oxide. Akati yeimwe vari vakawana pachishandiswa electrolysis ose aqueous chloride zvinogadzirisa vanoverengeka metabolic siyana. Hydroxides aigadzirira kubudikidza zvokuverengera zvinoriumba (kana oxides) uye mvura.

Inenge ose munyu vanorondedzerwa simbi (kunze vamwe lithium munyu) vari soluble mumvura zvakanaka. Inoumbwa simba acids, sesaline mhinduro vane maitiro svikiro (alkaline) nokuda hydrolysis ari kuumbwa munyu acids sezvo simba havasi hydrolyzed. Common munyu uri ibwe (sodium) munyu, munhu silicate namira (mvura girazi), potassium nitrate, bertoletova munyu, potassium permanganate, yomumabhodhoro pasoda, pasoda dota, uye vamwe.

Zvose alkali yeimwe anokwanisa kushandura ruvara romurazvo. Rinoshandiswa kuongorora makemikari. Saka, murazvo Carmine dzvuku akasvibiswa lithium ions, mu Violet - potassium ions mu tsvuku - yavaibvisa whitish blue - rubidium, Violet-tsvuku - necesium.

Nokuda kuti masero ose alkaline ndivo yokuderedza vamiririri simba zvikuru, vanogona kugamuchira yakaumbwa munyu kubudikidza electrolysis.

Kushandisa alkali simbi

Zvinhu zvinoshandiswa siyana pazvinoitwa kwevanhu. Somuenzaniso, necesium rinoshandiswa mumasero photoelectric. The kubereka chiwanikwa rinoshandiswa sezvo tiwedzere lithium. Yavaibvisa kuripo pakati gasi-zvinoerera nemwenje, zvenyukireya reactors somunhu coolant. Zvokutsvakurudza Basa rinoshandiswa rubidium.