Hydroid (muramba): mamiriro, kubereka, physiology

A-siyana zvomumvura kwemarudzi pamwe, kuti haangaoni nokukurumidza vanhu vachakwanisa kudzidza navo yavo yose. Zvisinei, kunyange kwenguva yakareba uye vanozivikanwa panze aquatics anogona kuziva kusvikira zvisingaoneki zvinhu. Somuenzaniso, zvainzi vakawana kuti inonyanya hydroid (muramba) haangatongofi yokukwegura. Kunenge kuti iyi ndiyo chete chisikwa anozivikanwa pasi, ane kusafa.

General Morphology

Hydroid muramba ndowenyika coelenterate mhando, kirasi hydroid. Ndivo hama dzepamwoyo pakati polyps, asi ivo vakanyanya kuoma. Zvichida vose anonyatsoziva sei kutarisira somunhu muramba - segirazi mavhiri, amburera kana mabhero. Vanogona kuva constriction serin'i pakati muviri kana kuti kuva chimiro bhora. Medusa haana muromo, asi pane nemumuromo proboscis. Vamwe vanhu vane kunyange zvishoma vaaleanpunainen tentacles pamusoro kumicheto.

The zvomudumbu gadziriro yacho muramba anonzi gastrovascular. Vane mudumbu, kubva izvo kusvika arikunze muviri ubve zvina TOUR gwara, inoyerera mugomba zvakafanana annular gwara.

Tentacles vane anopedza masero iri chete amburera muviri micheto, vanoshanda se zvose kutsinga dzinouya nhengo havambozivi, uye mudziyo okuvhimisa. The marangwanda chinoshayikwa, asi pane tsandanyama kuti muramba unotii. Vamwe subspecies of tentacles uye kuva statolith statocysts - nhengo kuti zvakanyatsoenzana. A nzira inofamba kunobva mhando, kuti raiva rimwe hydroid (muramba). Kubereka uye kuvaka pavo ndichakubvunzaiwo kusiyana.

Tsinga hydromedusae chinhu richikurukura masero vari kumucheto amburera chimiro zvindori zviviri: calca zvokunze nehanya, zvemukati - reMovement. Vamwe vane chiedza-inonyatsoziva maziso, riri pamusoro nhandare yacho tentacles.

Types hydroid muramba

Subclasses kuti vane zvakanaka pachiyero nhengo - statocysts inonzi trahilidami. Vanotanga kuburikidza makatodzinga mvura kubva amburera. Vanewo seiri - munhu serin'i growths iri romukati rutivi kuderedza goho kubva mumuviri mhango. Anowedzera muramba kumhanya kana uchityaira.

Leptolidy kunyimwa statocyst, kana ivo tinoshandurirwa chaiwo chinu, mukati umo pangava nomumwe kana kupfuura statoliths. Vanotanga mumvura hakusi saka reactive nokuda amburera dzavo hazvigoni kuderedzwa uye kazhinji zvikuru.

Kuchine medusoid hydrocorals, asi ivo vari underdeveloped uye shoma kufanana zvavo muramba.

Chondrophores vanogara guru dzaitongwa. Chikamu polyps dzavo vypochkovyvaet muramba kuti vanogara kwavo voga.

Siphonophores - hydroid (muramba), sechivako chiri kujairika uye hunakidze. Chinhu nyuchi rose, umo mumwe anoita basa rayo kushanda yose muviri. Nechokunze, zvinoita sokunge ichi: pamusoro hombe sefuro kuyangarara muchimiro chikepe. Ane mumasero kuti pave gasi kuti zvinobatsira kuti kuyangarara vakananga kumusoro. Kana siphonophores achida kudzokera zvakadzama - nayo chete relaxes muviri wako tsandanyama pedyo. Pasi dhudhumira pamusoro hunde romumwe dziri muchimiro duku muramba swimming mabhero, akatevera gastrozoidy (kana vavhimi), ipapo gonofory vane chinangwa - kuberekana.

kubereka

Hydroid muramba munhurume kana munhukadzi. Muchangosangana rinowanzoberekera panze, pane mukati muviri munhukadzi wacho. Gonads muramba chiri kana nomumukanwa ectoderm proboscis, kana ectoderm amburera pasi TOUR makwara.

Sozrevshie utachiona masero vari kunze paumbwe dzinokosha hwatsvuka. Next, vanotanga kuputsa, pova blastula, chikamu iyo masero ipapo Anodzokera Shure mukati. Mugumisiro chiri endoderm. In weboka pakuzadzisa imwe nhamba masero ayo degenerates kuti vaumbe mhango. Zviri Panguva ichi zai, dukutu anova planuly ipapo rinopedza pasi, umo dzikwanise gidropolip. Zvinofadza kuti unotanga nokutunga polyps itsva uye meduzok diki. Zvadaro vari kukura uye kukura sezvo akazvimirira zvinenge. Mune dzimwe mhando planul kuumbwa chete medusae.

Kusiyana wekusangana kunoenderana hworudzii, mhando kana subspecies ndohwavo hydroid (muramba). Physiology uye kubereka, uyewo mamiriro, zvakasiyana.

Nekwavanogara

Ruzhinji dzemarudzi vanogara mugungwa, zviri vashoma zvikuru vari Freshwater. Akavawana kuti vave Europe, America, Africa, Asia, uye Australia. Vanogona kuonekwa mune girinihausi matangi, uye chakagadzirwa reservoirs. ndivo polyps uye hydroids sezvo nyaya munyika umo, kusvikira sainzi kujeka.

Siphonophores, chondrophores, hydrocorals, trahilidy kurarama bedzi mugungwa. Chete leptolid anogona kuwanikwa mumvura yakachena. Asi ngozi uye vamiririri pakati pavo iri shoma zvikuru pane mugungwa.

Mumwe mhando muramba kunoda dzinogarisana yayo Somuenzaniso, chero Kunyanya gungwa, nyanza kana bay. Inogona kuwedzerwa chete sangano remvura, kunyanya muramba regai andobata ndima itsva. Vamwe ndangofanana chando, vamwe - kupisa. Vanogona kurarama pedyo pamusoro kana dzimwe udzamu. The yokupedzisira haasi yaingowanikwa kutama, uye vokutanga saizvozvo kuti tiwane zvokudya, vachisiya zuva kwakadzama mumvura mbiru, uye usiku kukwira kumusoro zvakare.

Mararamiro

chizvarwa chokutanga muupenyu kutenderera hydroid - munhu polyp. Chechipiri - hydroid muramba ane segirazi muviri. Sezvo akadaro anoita simba kukura mesogloea. It gelled uye rine mvura. Imhaka yokuti zvakaoma kuona muramba mumvura. Hydroids nokuda variability ari kubereka uye kuvapo kumarudzi akasiyana uchipinda akaparadzirwa zvakatipoteredza.

Muramba upise chikafu zooplankton. The mazana vamwe zvipenyu achafura mazai hove uye furaya. Asi panguva imwe chete ivo pachavo vari nhengo cheni zvokudya.

Hydroid (muramba), nzira youpenyu, chaizvoizvo, vakazvipira zvokudya, kazhinji nokukurumidza kwazvo, asi, Chokwadi, hazvirevi raizoitwa zvakadai stsifoidy. Kazhinji, asi dhayamita pakati amburera hydroid isingadariki masendimita 30 chikuru vakwikwidzi -. Hove Planktivorous.

Chokwadi, ndivo zvikara, uye vano- ngozi kuvanhu. muramba All vane masero anopedza, iyo inoshandiswa panguva kuvhima.

Musiyano hydroids kubva stsifoidov

The morphological zvinhu ndiyo pamberi seiri. Stsifoidy havana izvozvo. Avanotarisira kuva yakakura uye kurarama bedzi mumakungwa uye nyanza. Arctic tsianeya mu dhayamita kusvika 2 m, asi ayo Uturu anopedza masero haawanzotauri kukwanisa kukuvadza zvikuru kune vanhu. Kukura zvikuru kukura stsifoidam kunobatsira kupfuura hydroids, nhamba TOUR makwara gastrovascular. Uye dzimwe mhando muramba vari kudyiwa nevanhu.

Pane musiyano pakati mhando inofamba - hydroids akacheka paburi sezvo mujinga amburera uye stsifoidy - rizere bhero. Pakupedzisira yakareba tentacles uye kutsinga dzinouya zvomukati. Chimiro chavo zvakare zvakasiyana, sezvo pane stsifoidov tsandanyama uye tsinga tishu. Vanogara dioecious, havana vegetative kubereka uye misha. chete ichi.

Scyphomedusae vari zvinoshamisa yakanaka - vanogona kuva mavara akasiyana, vane masa pamusoro micheto uye noshamisa chimiro bhero. Zviri Vasungwa izvi mvura kuva heroines purogiramu TV pamusoro gungwa uye gungwa mhuka.

Hydroid muramba usingafi

Kwete kare, masayendisiti akawana kuti cnidarian muramba turitopsis nutrikula kuva chaizvo kusimbisazve. Izvi mhando usingatombofi semafiro! Inogona kumhanya nguva sezvo vakawanda pakuberekwa kutsva mashandiro. Zvaizoratidza sokuti zvose zviri nyore chaizvo - tisvike kukwegura, muramba hunodzokera kupinda polyp uye kwapfuura nzendo zvose kukura zvakare. Saka denderedzwa.

Nutrikula anogara Caribbean uye ane chidukuduku saizi - dhayamita rayo amburera 5 mm.

Chokwadi chokuti muramba hydroid usingafi, akazozivikanwa netsaona. Scientist Fernando Boero kubva Italy vakadzidza hydroids uye tikatanga kuedza navo. vanhu vanoverengeka turitopsis nutrikula vakaiswa imwe akwariyamu, asi chiitiko vamwe chikonzero yakanonoka zvakadaro kwenguva yakareba, mvura yapwa. Boero, vanouwana, akasarudza kudzidza yaoma zvisaririra, uye ndakaziva kuti havana kufa, asi akangoti akakanda tentacles uye kuva mazana. Saka, muramba dzakashandisa mamiriro zvezvakatipoteredza yaivhuvhuta uye zakuklilals mu kutarisira nguva nani. Mushure mazana wakaiswa mumvura vakava polyps upenyu kutenderera ratanga.

Ngozi vamiririri hydroid muramba

The yakaisvonaka maonero unonzi Portuguese murume (siphonophores Physalia) uye ndiye mumwe zvisikwa zvikuru ngozi gungwa. bhero Its shimmers namavara siyana, zvakafanana huchikwezva kwaari, asi kutaura havana inokurudzirwa. Physalia anogona kuwanika pamahombekombe Australia, yePacific uye Indian nyanza, uye kunyange Mediterranean. Zvichida ichi ndicho chimwe chezvinhu kupfuura marudzi hydroids - rouchenjeri urefu chingava 15-20 masendimita Asi kutombonaka - .. tentacles It zvaJehovha, izvo zvinogona kuenda kudzika 30 M Physalia kurwisa anopedza masero muchetura kuti kusiya kwazvo kutsva zvavo. Zviri ngozi kunyanya kusangana ngarava vanhu Portuguese vanenge simba rokuzvidzivirira, pane tsika neutachiona.

Kazhinji, ari hydroid muramba isingakuvadzi kusiyana hanzvadzi dzavo stsifoidov. Asi kazhinji zviri nani kuti usagunzva chero mumiririri kwemarudzi. Vose nhaka masero anopedza. Kuti munhu kutendeuka uturu yavo haisi dambudziko, uye mumwe angakukuvadzai zvikuru. All kunobva munhu.