Hungary: vanhu uye kwemarudzi sezvamunoita

Vazhinji vanhu Hungary ndiye titular rudzi - the Hungarians. nhamba yavo akaenzana anenge 93% of uwandu vagari vomunyika iyi.

Hungarians

Hungarian vanhu (kuzviremekedza - Magyar) ine zvinofadza nhoroondo yaro yokuzvigadzirira. Nyanzvi dzemitauro uye vanochera matongo vakasvika pakugumisa kuti musha wemadzitateguru rudzi ndivo inowanzorimwa Trans-Urals. Zviri pano kuti Vaidzungaira Ugric vanhu, izvo gare gare amire kunze sezvo Khanty uye Mansi (zvino vanogara Western Siberia).

Magyar akasundudzira kumavirira kushaya mari. Sezvazvakanyorwa zvakaitika kakawanda (uye achava kuMiddle Ages), mhuka kumabvazuva "nhungirwa" vazhinji kuna Europe. Hungary, riri kumusha zvizvarwa muArabhu vakatambura kubva yaingopambwa.

Pakutanga, Hungarians vagara muGungwa Black steppes anhasi Ukraine, uye pakupera ari IX remakore akaenda Transylvania. mutungamiri wavo panguva yakanga kunozivikanwa Prince neAripadhi. Nhengo chigaro chake akatonga Hungarians kusvikira XIV remakore.

The Magyars vakanga yokumusha kwavo chipo kubva izvo vakadzingwa vaimbova vagari - the Slavs uye vaAvar. Nokukurumidza muArabhu akachinja pachavo kuti ezvinhu matsva chokuvapo, vakagamuchirwa tsika vavakidzani vakatanga kutungamirira munhu vakagara upenyu. Kunyange zvakadaro, izvi vanhu zvehondo kutyisidzira nyika dzakavakidzana, kusvikira vatendeukira yeRoma. Kuwanda wokuHungary vakawanda vakatanga kukura nokuda kuwana runyararo uye gadzikanei.

Vagari Austria-Hungary

Mukupera Middle Ages Hungarians vakava hunotsigirwa Austria. vabati varo Habsburgs Via dynastic michato vakabatana wandei National inoti kupinda umambo kusvikira 1918. Vagari Austria-Hungary vagara vairwira kodzero dzavo uye kuchengetedzwa kwetsika nenyika. kutonga German kutambura zvikuru mushure 1848 chimurenga. Zvadaro, nokuti kudzvinyirira pakati muHungary achitaura Russian Emperor Nicholas Ndakatumira mauto kubatsira Habsburgs. Independence harina kugamuchira, asi hunyambiri umambo rakavambwa Mumakumi emakore. Hungarians uye Austrians magamuchira vakaenzana kodzero mudzimba zvematongerwo enyika. Izvi zvakaita kuti ikure National kuziva, kusimudzira mutauro, uye zvichingodaro. D.

national zvinhu

Nharaunda vemazuva Hungary (93,000 mativi kilometers) asingadi anoenderana ayo kuwanda kugarwa kuti rudzi urwu. Somuenzaniso, Romania aakapiwa XX remakore Transylvania, apo pane vazukuru Magyars zhinji. Makore akawanda kuvapo pasi pokutonga vatorwa havana kurambidza vanhu kuchengetedza zivikanwo yavo. Mutauro Hungarian yakasiyana chaizvo dzakavakidzana tumitauro (weGermany uye necheSalvic boka). VokuGermany Somuenzaniso, zvinoita sokuti gibberish. mutauro uyu ane zvakawanda zvakafanana pamwe mitauro Finns, Estonians, Khanty uye Mansi. With kuitwa chiKristu, vanogara vakatora arufabheti Latin nevamwe pachake maitiro.

Hungary, ane vakawanda chaizvo homogeneous, rakava wechipiri muna Habsburg Empire. It hwakasimbiswa pamutemo, pashure nokumukirana zhinji uye anoitika XIX remakore. Kunyange mamiriro wakanzi Austria-Hungary, izvo akasimbisa chinzvimbo dzavanhu maviri, apo mamwe mapoka vashoma (Czechs, vokuSerbia, uye saka bosniyy. D.) sokuti kurutivi.

guta

Nemhaka ropafadzo nokukurumidza kumhuka Hungary. Vagari aiva mukuru coefficient kwedzidzo. Special kuzvikudza rudzi rava guta rayo guru muBudapest. Kusvikira XIX remakore mupfungwa European nyika kumabvazuva Vienna zvaiita dzesango. kufanana nevechiduku iri rakaparadzwa pashure akazviratidza muBudapest. Hungary kwenguva refu ndisina chakaipa guta nokuda nechisimba vokuTurkey uye simba kwezvivako.

Zvisinei, rimwe guta idzva, yakaumbwa muna 1873 pashure kwemapazi Buda uye Pest, rava guru chaiwo apo. Rakanga muzinda wetsika rudzi, izvo nokukurumidza yawana rusununguko pashure peHondo Yenyika I chinokatyamadza. Nhasi, Budapest ndiyo musha vanhu mamiriyoni 1,7 (ndiyo wechinomwe pakukura guta muEurope) kuti. Pano Wekutanga mushure London Muchivande.

mamwe maguta

Other mikuru inoti munyika vari kuDebrecen, Miskolc, Pécs, Szeged. uwandu hwevanhu yavo ane zvakafanana ne guta guru confessional uye nyika zvikuru. Uwandu vagari anoda kubva 100 kusvika 200 zviuru. Map zvokuwedzera arambe achirema rinonyatsoratidza kuti noruvara richiparadzirwa munyika.

ushoma

Hungary, uyo vakawanda rakaumbwa mushure zhinji zvenhoroondo nenyonganyonga, uye ane mbiri dzemadzinza vashoma. It Roma, vanhu vokuGermany, vaJudha, Slovaks, Romanians, vokuSerbia, uye zvichingodaro .. In yose, dzinomirira vanenge 10% of zvachose kwevanhu.

Izvi rinotsanagurwa mumvuri yaimbova hweAustria-Hungary, apo achibika mugate nokupokanidzana National. vagari vazhinji nechisimba kutombozivikanwa muchiKristu.

Boka rechitendero rakakura - zviri vaKaturike (pamusoro mugari ose wechipiri munyika maererano kuti pfungwa sarudzo). Uyewo kuoneka kuvapo Calvin (anenge 15%), iyo yakabuda munyika mushure European Reformation.

misha yevaJudha zvinoda muBudapest. Hungary kwave yakavadzivirira vanhu ava. Iri pedyo Russian muUmambo ari XIX remakore Anti-oukuru mutemo akanga akatakurwa achiburitswa kunze (the Pale pamusoro Settlement, uye zvichingodaro. D.) Izvi zvakaita kuti vaJudha vakawanda vanotama kuti Danube. The Jewish vomunharaunda yakarohwa zvakaoma pashure nevaNazi. Uyewo, vazhinji vakasiya Israeri pashure kuvambwa mamiriro kuMiddle East.

Muna 1993, Hungary kushandisa mutemo pamusoro vashoma yenyika. Iye vaite navo ose kodzero. The chirongwa rakatorwa mushure rawa utongi kuti zvaiva zvakajairika dzose Central Europe, rwakabatwa muchadenga kuti simba yeSoviet Union.