Imwe tembere yekutanga yebwe yekare wekare Rus ndiyo temberi ipi?

Chiratidzo cheOrthodox tsika yekare yeRussia yakagara iri temberi. Runako uye hukuru hwechitendero hunotanga nechepakati pehupenyu hwechechi - machechi eOrthodox.

Kubva pamuti kunotakwa

Kuwanda kwemasango muRussia kwakakonzera kukanganisa kwekuvaka matanda. Muti uyu waifungidzirwa sechinhu chiduku, uye kuoma mukuchera mabwe edzimba kwakabatawo kukosha kwayo.

Nhoroondo yeAkare Rus inotsanangura kuti zvese zvivako zvaiva matanda: zvinotyisa, dzimba dzevaridzi, dzimba dzevarimi, uye machechi. Irogi raiva chinhu chikuru chekugadzirwa kupi zvako. Mirairo yekugadzira yakanga ishoma. Vanhu vashomanana vakavhiringidza kuedza kukuru kushandisa mari pakutsvaga zvimwe zvinhu. Makirasiki ezvinyorwa zvevanhu vanogara mumusha makanga ari zvigadzirwa zvegodhi. Zvinyorwa zvakaoma zvakanyanya zvaiva dzimba dzomuchinda, machechi ematende.

Icho ndechokuti fragility yezvinyorwa zvekuvaka iyo yakawanda yeArax Old architecture yakarasika.

Dombo rakagadzirwa

Dombo rokuvakwa rinosanganiswa neBhapatidzo yaRussia. Imwe tembere yekutanga yebwe yekare Yekare Rus ndiyo yakaiswa muKiev na Constantinople vakagadziri. Vanyori vezvakaitika kare vanofunga zuva rechiitiko ichi kuva gore re989. Izvo zvisati zvaitika, paivawo nematemberi, asi zvivako zvehuni.

Kana iwe uchitenda zvinyorwa, kuvaka kwetemberi kwakapedziswa muna 996, zvino pakanga paine chigaro chitsvene.

Chiratidzo chekutenda uye tsika

Mafungiro evatendi kumachechi ave achinyanya kuve muOrthodoxy. Kazhinji, kuvaka kwechechi mutsva kwakaitwa pazvipo.

Midzi yawo inodzokera kumashure eTesitamente Yekare. Maererano nemakoronike anosimbiswa kuti chechi yekutanga yebwe yeAkare Rus ndiyo Chechi yeMutsvene Virgin, kana, mune mamwe mazwi, Chechi yeZvumi. Mushure mekubhabhatidzwa kwaRussia, mumakore ekutanga, kuvaka kwechechi kwakanaka kwakatanga maererano netsika dzeByzantium neBulgaria. Muvambi wechinangwa chakanaka ndiye Prince Vladimir, uyo akapa chegumi chemari yake.

Kusvikira ikozvino, temberi yekutanga yebwe yekare yekare yakasachengetedzwa mumhando yayo yepakutanga. Yakaparadzwa nevaMongol-Tatars panguva yekubatwa kweKiev. Basa rokudzorera rakatanga muzana remakore rechina. Asi zvakadaro, kugadzirwa kwechechi ino kwakakonzera zvakanyanya kuvakwa kwekereke muRussia yose.

Nezvokutanga kwekereke yemabwe

Chechi yekutanga yebwe yeRussia yekare yakagamuchira zita rayo kubva kune zvegumi zvakapiwa nachinda wekuvaka. Saka yakange yakagadzirirwa munhoroondo yekutaura kwake - Chechi yeZvumi.

Pasina mubvunzo, kereke yekutanga yebwe yekare yekare Rus chivako chinogona kuonekwa sechechi yemuzinda. Maererano nezvasara zvebato, vanyori venhau dzakaitika vakagumisa kuti zvivako zvemuzinda wamambo zvakavakwa pedyo. Kuparadzwa kunokosha hakubvumi kudzorerazve maitiro avako okugadzira, asi maererano nenyanzvi iyo yaiva makamuri apamberi.

Dzimba dzekugara muimba yepamusoro dzaiva chikamu chematanda chechipiri pasi pezvivako zvematombo, kana yaiva mune imwe nzvimbo neyekutanga tembere yekare yeRussia yekare. Icho chinyorwa chezvechokwadi chekuti Kiev yakabuda pakati pemamwe maguta nematombo-matombo . Iko guta guru rehurumende rakanga rakasiyana nevakavakwa zvikuru.

Kuitwa kwevatenzi vechiGiriki mukugadzirisa kwekugadzirwa kweTransfiguration Cathedral kwakanyatsotevera.

Panguva yekutonga kwaMstislav uye Yaroslav nyika yakakamurwa. Ipapo danho rakatevera rekuvaka rakatanga. Mune guta guru reChernigov, kuvaka kwakatanga kare. Mstislav akaisa nheyo dzeSpassky Cathedral.

Musi chaiwo wekutanga kwekuvaka hauna kuwanikwa mumabhuku akanyorwa. Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti muna 1036 masvingo echechi yepamusoro akava nekutsanangurwa "sekunge akamira pabhiza ane ruoko", zvinoreva "zvakakwirira kwazvo". Munhoroondo, zuva racho rinoratidzwa nekufa kwaMambo Mstislav.

MuKiev, St. Sophia Cathedral yakavakwa mushure meChernigov Spassky Cathedral. Kuongorora mamiriro ezvinhu ezvematongerwo enyika uye dzimwe nhoroondo yezvekare, nguva iyo kereke yebwe yakavakwa, tinogona kufunga 1037 gore. IKathedral yeSt. Sophia inoratidza chido chokudzokorora maitiro eByzantine. Iyi tembere huru yeKivan Rus inotorwa semuenzaniso semuchinjikwa wakagadzirirwa mukuvakwa kwemakedheni muNovegorod uye Polotsk.

Muna 1073, the Assumption Cathedral yeKieya Monastery yeCaves yakaiswa. Iyi temberi yakaita basa rinokosha pakudzika kwekuvakwa kweRussia. Mune "Pechersk Paterik" kune chinyorwa: "... vatenzi vechechi varume vana", - saka kusvika kwevakagadziri vekuvakwa kwechivakwa ichi kubva kuConstantinople kunotsanangurwa. Kuumbwa kwesangano rechechi reMeastery yeKein-Pechersky kwakakanganiswawo naKee Sophia. Nhoroondo isina kufanira yeAssumption Cathedral inoita kuti Orthodox isimba rekutenda - kereke, iyo yakafuridzirwa muna 1942, yakavakwazve muma 1990.

Pakupera kwezana remakore rechina, guta guru rekare rePereyaslavl rinowana zvematongerwe enyika uye zvematongerwe enyika. Pasi pemasvingo ayo, nyika yeKievin uye yose yeDiddle Dnieper yakawana chifukidziro kubva kune vaPolvvsians. Panyika yeguta iri rinobwinya, kuvakwa kwe "guta rebwe" -chechi yaMichael - yakazarurwa. Pakutanga kwaChris Vladimir Monomakh naBhishopi Ephrem pakaonekwa gedhi nechechi chechechi reFedor. Muna 1098, kuvakwa kweChechi yeTheotokos inotanga mudare remakurukota.

Maererano nekutaura kwezvinyorwa, kunze kweguta pane zviitiko zvechechi duku parwizi rwa L'et. Zvinosuruvarisa, vanhu veOrthodox nevanyori vezvakaitika kare, zvivako zvePereyaslavl hazvina kupona kusvikira zvino.

Zvinorehwa nechechi - kubva pakudzidza kusvika kunzvimbo yeumambo

Temberi dzeRussia yekare yakagadzirisa tsanangudzo dzemazita, migwagwa, migwagwa, maguta. Zvinhu zvose zvakabatanidzwa nenzvimbo tsvene zvakakurumidza kugamuchira zita rechechi, kereke.

Mune nguva yeEkare Rus makereke yaiva nzvimbo yekubatana. Iyi nzvimbo itsva yakatanga nekuvakwa kwetembere - nzvimbo yeupenyu kune munhu wese. Zvisizvo zvehuMwari zve nguva iyoyo zvakagadziriswa nevose vanogara mumusha. Zviitiko zvinokosha kumhuri imwe neimwe zvaive tsika: kuroora, kubhabhatidza, mariro, zvikomborero.

Temberi yakaita basa guru muboka reOrthodox. Kuvezwa kwemakamuri, maitiro, zviratidzo zvakapa mutendi tariro yekuponesa mweya wake. Mukuwedzera, munhu wose aigona kunakidzwa nekunaka kwetemberi.

Kushandisa kukuru kwakapa maOrthodoxy kuumbwa kwekasa. Kubudirira kwavo kwakaitika mukati metemberi. Kune munhu anotenda, chechi ndiyo yaiva yekutanga yekutsika uye kunamata. Ndicho chikonzero zvimwe zviitiko zvinokosha zvisingabatanidzi nehupenyu hwechechi, dzakapfuura pasi pedenga re shrine. Izvi zvinosanganisira: kuzodzwa kwamadzimambo pachigaro, soborhood, kuzivisa kwechirevo chamambo. Usakanganwa nezvekukosha kwetemberi pakudzidzisa vanhu kuverenga nekuverenga.

Kuita sehutano hwemagariro ehupenyu hwevanhu vekare veRussia, vatemberi nematemberi ndiyo nzvimbo iyo kudzidziswa kwakarongeka, zvinyorwa zvekuchengetedza, masangano, mabhuku ekuraibhurari. Kwapera zvishoma, kubva muzana remakore rechina, zvikoro zvekutanga panguva iyoyo zvakatanga kugamuchirwa, zvikoro zvepakati.

Chishongo chakanaka nechinobatsira kuzvizvarwa

Imwe yerimwe mukati mekuvakwa kwechechi yekuvakwa kwekare yekare Rus isati yakasiyana nenguva iyoyo. Chikoro chekuuraya chakange chiri pasi pezvikamu zveatari, zvichibvumira kuwona chikamu chepamusoro chetunhu reatari chetemberi.

Munhu wese anonyengetera achinyatsoona ari pedyo nekunamata. Kune munhu weOrthodox zvaive zvakakosha kuona nzvimbo yaMwari iyo yakabatanidza kereke yepasi uye yekudenga.

Kubwinya kwemukati kwematemberi pasi pemutambo wemifananidzo wakabva kuByzantine tsika. Iyo yekushongedza kwechiedza chakajeka uye chiedza chinomiririra kubatana kwepasi pano uye yekudenga.

Matemberi eRussia yekare aitakura basa remamamumusumusi, uko zvinyorwa zvevasande, zvidhori, zvinyorwa uye nhoroondo yepamusoro zvakatamiswa. Pano, zvinyorwa zvekare zvekare nezvinyorwa zvinokosha zvakaendeswa kune kuchengetedzwa. Kutenda nebasa revapristi nevashumiri vechechi, nhoroondo yekare yekare Rus inogona kutevedzwa chaiyo nemakore, uye zviitiko zvakawanda zvezvakaitika kare zvakazarurirwa kune dzimwe nguva nenzira yehupupuriro husinganzwiswi hwakaungana muchechi.

Chikomborero chekudzivirira nyika yeRussia

Chechi yakaperekedza mauto kuenda kunhare kana hondo. Dzimwe nguva nguva yekuvaka yakanga iri kuremekedzwa kwevaya vakaurayiwa muhondo. Machechi akadaro akavakwa pahondo, sechiratidzo chokuonga kuvarwi kuti vakunda.

Munguva yorugare, machechi nematemberi zvakagadzirwa mukukudza kwemazororo makuru, vatsvene. Somuenzaniso, Kukwidzwa, Kristu Muponesi.

Kukudza mutsvene - nokuda kwako pachako

Kune munhu anotenda, kereke yakagara ichikosha muupenyu. Nokudaro, chete vatenzi vepamusoro uye vagadziri vakabvumirwa kuvaka. Bazaar nharaunda, misangano nemagungano evagari vepanyika vakanga vari pedyo nemachechi, sezvinoratidzwa nemepu yeAkare Rus.

Izvo hazvina mari yekuvaka pasina kuisa mari yakawanda. Ndizvo chete zvakanakisisa zvakabayirwa zvisikwa: zvinhu, nyika. Tichifunga nezvekuti chechi yakavakwa pamusoro pegomo kana, sezvakataurwa nemadzitateguru, "panzvimbo yakatsvuka," yakashanda semashoko ekutsanangurwa, apo iyo mepu yeAkare Rus yakagadzirwa, urongwa hwemunda.

Ona wekugadzirira

Nzira dzokuvaka dzekukomberedza denga dzinopa maumbirwo ematombo mumvuri wekugadzira matanda. Izvi zvinonyanya kuratidzwa mumitemo ine zvivako zvetemberi. Denga rakaramba richiita gable uye gable.

Mumakamuri maduku maiva nematemberi anozvininipisa, mazamu akaitwa seimba yevarimi, apo korona (mana mapundu) yakaiswa pasi. Kubatana, vakagadzira chikwereti kana tsanga. Somugumisiro, chigadziro chakawanikwa kubva kune imwe nhamba yemakona - chimiro.

Zvimwe zvakaoma kuvaka, asi maererano nechirevo chinopiwa, machechi akavakwa. Iquadrangular frame yakashandurwa kuva octagonal frame. Nheyo yekubatanidza quadrangles uye octal yakatamirwa kumatanho emabwe eRus uye akachengetedzwa mumazuva edu.

Shatrovye temberi dzakajairika muRussia sezvivako zviviri uye zvezvikwata zvakawanda. Kuti tibatane zvakasiyana-siyana zvivakwa zvegodo, dzaive dzakabatana nemumwe wehurongwa hwekushandura (makamuri, fenders).

Nokuisa zvivako zvechechi pamatombo epinthini, vavaki vakaisa zvigadziro zvepasi, masvingo epasi uye pasi pevhu zvakakosha panguva iyoyo, pasi pemakumbo evhu.

Kuparadzwa uye kuberekwazve kwetemberi

Kwehafu yezana remakore kushandiswa kwekuvakwa kwekuvakwa kweRussia yekare kwakamira shure kwekupinda kweMongol-Tatars. Nokuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana, masters, vanyori vezvifananidzo nevavaki, chikamu chemachechi nematemberi zvakaparadzwa.

Kubva kuByzantine samples, matemberi ekare eRussia muzana remakore rechi12 akawana zvinhu zvepakutanga, achitsanangura kukura kwekuvakwa kweRussia.

Zvose izvo mudzidzi anoda kuziva nezvehupenyu hwekare hweRus rinotsanangurwa mune zvidzidzo zvegadziriro yekutanga. Yekare Rus ndiyo nhoroondo yemadzitateguru edu, maitiro, hondo, kukunda kwehurumende yedu, iyo yose yeRussia inofanira kuziva.