History of Smolensk: zuva kusunungurwa Smolensk

Chinenge guta ose Russian rine rakasiyana umhare nyaya yayo, asi nhasi tichakurukura St. Petersburg - remabhuku maguta Russian, riri pamusoro 400? Km kubva Moscow, kumaodzanyemba-kumadokero mirayiridzo. Tisati tasvika enyaya "Zuva kusunungurwa Smolensk kubva nechisimba Nazi", yeuka zvishoma huru nyaya uye nechepakati guta Smolensk, riri akafuma kwazvo zviitiko zvakasiyana.

Fortress guta

Kutaurwa rokutanga Smolensk inowanikwa Ustiug yaMakoronike, yomusi makore 862-865. Pamwe chete 882, guta raiva chikamu Kievan mamiriro, Prince Oleg anopamba uye transmits nayo yaitonga Prince Igor. Wakazviratidza rekare nhoroondo nevezvokutengeserana. Smolensk yaiva nzvimbo huru dzaishandiswa uye rwokugadzira, rwakazokura nokuti necheSalvic rudzi Krivichy centre uye nhare zvechiuto.

Mubvunzo zuva kusunungurwa Smolensk kubva vaNazi kuti tinzwisise zviri nani uyu mufananidzo, unoda zvishoma Kunyatsoziva mashoma zvikuru zviitiko kuti guta. Kanozonosangana kukura mune zvoupfumi, ari XII remakore, akasimuka kuti yaiona netsika nepakati Smolensk weutungamiriri. yevanhu veguta akatungamirira yainakidza hwekutengeserana, nokudzorwa chibvumirano kubva 1229, pamwe kuBaltic marudzi uye Riga. Munguva kubva 1404 kusvika 1514 makore, guta raiva chikamu Grand Duchy pakati Lithuania.

Hondo nokuti guta

Muna 1410 Smolensk echiShinto pamwe Polish uye Omani dzakabatana zvechiuto aiitawo Hondo Grunwald.

Muna 1596-1602 gg. Smolensk akanga takapoteredzwa rusvingo rwematombo, nhare inovakwa murongedzeri of Smolenschiny Fedor Kon. nhare ichi uye zita pashure dombo nechishongo Russian nyika.

Panguva kudzivirira Smolensk, iyo Mikoko makore 1609-1611., The guta akabata Poles muna ra1654, iye zvakare akunda Russian.

Zuva kusunungurwa Smolensk kubva French

In nhoroondo Smolensk kunokosha chaizvo nezvokuparara gore 1812 - nguva yeHondo Yenyika II, apo hondo chakaitika pedyo neguta yakabatana Russian hondo Bagration uye Barclay of Tolly neuto Napoleon raMwari. Kusunungurwa Smolensk kubva French vakundi yakaitika November 4, 1812. Smolensk guta panguva ino akanga zvikuru sousingabatsiri.

Muzana XIX remakore yakava muzinda guta mashanu njanji mitsetse, uye saka nomutengo guta nokukurumidza chaizvo. At pakutanga XIX remakore paiva vanenge 20 maindasitiri uye zvokutengeserana mabhizimisi. Muna 1929, St. Petersburg - Nhongonya rokumavirira nharaunda.

September 25 - zuva kusunungurwa Smolensk kubva vanopinda nechisimba German

Kana zvisingaiti German yechiFascist vakarwisa Soviet Union, pashure pevhiki mbiri, kuti munoreva, July 10, vaiva masvingo Smolensk.

On mundima Smolensk nharaunda kubva vhiki hondo yokutanga uye anotyisa vakaridza mhere kwazvo hasha hondo, iyo zvino yakanga kare zita - Smolensk hondo kuzvidzivirira. Zviri-mwedzi miviri kunonoka kutanga Germany nechisimba of Moscow, zvakavabatsira guru kugadzirira uye unosangana muvengi musoro-mberi. Izvi zvakakonzera pokuwa yaHitler monstrous urongwa.

The Battle pamusoro Smolensk , mauto eSoviet akaparadza varwi 250 zviuru uye vakuru Wehrmacht. Mauto Soviet 16 vakasuwa 19 ndipo uye 20 fung Army ari chinonetsa uye kunotyisa kurwa muna Smolensk muruwa anoedza Solovieva kuyambuka, Dukhovshchina, Yelnia Yartsev uye noushingi kunetseka kwa kupfuura simba pamusoro boka mauto eGermany "Center".

Zuva kusunungurwa Smolensk achiri kure kure. July 16, 1941 Smolensk aitoita nevaNazi musi July 29 - uye Zadneprovskaya akawira pamusoro Smolensk nharaunda.

Basa uye remagandanga

Mauto Soviet vaisagona kurega vane ehondo anokumhan'arira, uye dzakamanikidzwa kuzvipira Smolensk. Nemisha rakazvipira pedyo vokuGermany. Zvisinei, mumisha yeko pamusoro muvengi vakavhura 120 partisan dzakabatana uye mapoka.

Gare gare, mauto vanenge 10 zviuru navatariri, partisans uye pevhu Smolensk kudunhu akaratidzwa kuna mibayiro, honorary mibayiro uye Medals, 56 vanhu vakange paakavapa musoro Hero of Soviet Union, pakati pavo mukuru emagandanga chikwata Grishin SV uye guerrillas Peter Galetsky Vladimir Kurylenko.

kukunda

Zvinonzi vaidavira kuti September 25, 1943 - zuva kusunungurwa Smolensk (mapikicha iyoyo vakapfuura zvose anotyisa pendi kuparadzwa inotyisa uye kusuwa kuti rawira nyika yedu). Kana muudzame kutevera enhoroondo chokwadi, kusunungurwa Smolensk kushanda kwakaitika kubva August kuna October 1943 uye aiva romutemo ainzi "Suvorov".

Pasinei nokuti mauto eSoviet akanga asina simba hwokugadzira michina uye manpower yakakwana, Smolensk achiri akanga vasunungurwa zvachose muvengi.

Smolensk nharaunda isati hondo yaiva kutumbuka nharaunda, pashure pehondo guta Roslavl, Gzhatsk, Vyazma, Yartsevo ikava dongo.
Mune Smolensk pamusoro 8000 Zvivako dzinogarwa 7300 vakapiswa. VaNazi youtsinye ndokupfura 350 zviuru vanhuwo zvavo, pakati pavo chete Smolensk akauraya 135,000.

Zvikamu Western Front, uye 70 yeimwe akapiwa honorary zita "Smolensk", "Yartsevkie", "Roslavl". Pazuva kusunungurwa Smolensk muMoscow akapiwa sarupu kuti 244 kwepfuti kuti artzalpami rechi20.

chinokudza

Mukuru Soviet Army P. F. Klepach pamusoro pakuvaka hotera "Smolensk", inova rimwe vakapona vashomanana vakamira, akasimudza tsvuku mureza. guta rose rakapotsa kuparadzwa, asi mushure wakakwana kukunda kwedu yechiFascist mauto eGermany mukati mumakore gumi, guta rakanga yakadzorerwa uye vakavakazve.

Muna 1966, guta Smolensk akagamuchira Order of Patriotic War I dhigirii, nokuraira Lenin muna 1983 uye musoro Hero City May 6, 1985.

Kuti tiwane nani vanonzwa nezvazvo, kana iwe vanoshanyira Smolensk kushanyira rakasiyana uye mumwe yakanakisisa Hondo Yenyika II miziyamu. Smolensk, uyewo zvose panyika Smolensk, pakazara vakawanda makuva uye shongwe. Pano shanje chengeta kuyeuka vawirwa, vanhu havagoni kukanganwa vaya vakarwa kusvikira rufu pakurwisana pamusoro mutori.