Hondo yeGunwald iyi hondo yakashandura mararamiro ezvakaitika kare

Hondo yeGunwald. A pothole iyo yairondedzerwa kakawanda nevanyori mumabhuku, iyo yakaunza nhamba huru yevarwi kubva kumativi ose maviri. Munhoroondo iyi hondo iyi inosanganiswa seimwe yevanonyanya kuda, ropa, kuchinja mararamiro evanhu.

Prehistory uye kugadzirira hondo

Nyeredzi dzeTeutonic Order yeXIV-yekutanga yeCV XV yakanyanya kunyamwa nekurwisana kune dzimwe nyika dziri pedyo. Yakawanda yezvose yakawira kuPoland nekuMutungamiri weLithuania. Kubudirira kukuru kwevaGermany kwaiva chifukidzo chakanaka uye zvombo. Pasinei neizvi, Hondo yeGrwalwald yakaratidza kuti chirevo chaicho ndicho chisarudzo chakanaka cherongwa uye mazano. Mumwaka wechando we 1409-1410 nhaurirano yakatanga pakati pemabatanidzwa: Poland uye Mutungamiri weLithuania. Purogiramu yakaipa yakagadzirirwa pakati pezhizha pasi pomurairo wePoland Mambo Vladislav II Yagello. Pakupera kwaJune, mambo wePolish akagamuchira nhau dzekuti maLithuania neRussia mauto akamira pamhenderekedzo yeRwizi rwaNarew kuti aongorore. Vakanyanya kukunda-vaikwanisa kuva iyo ye Smolensk regiment, iyo yakaita basa rinokosha muhondo inonzi Battle of Grunwald. Musi waJune 30, hondo yakatamira pamushandirapamwe, musi waJune 7, mapoka ose ehondo yehondo akaongororwa, uye mapfumbamwe eAllied akayambuka munharaunda iyo Teutonic Order yakatonga. Hondo yeGreat Grunwald yakanga isingatauri kusvika, uye panguva iyo musi waJuly 13, mauto akazorora kupinda munhare yeGilbenburg, iyo yavakatora pakarepo.

15 July. Hondo

Kwenguva yekutanga, nehondo yezviuru zvevashori, mauto aJagiello akatendeuka musi waJuly 10, asi hutungamiri hauna kuwana nzira yekuyambuka Rwizi rwaDrvencu, uko maJalimane aivepo. Zvakasarudzwa kutamira kunzvimbo yaSoldau. Pakupedzisira, pakati pemisha yeGrwalwald neTannenberg, mauto maviri akaungana. Saka Hondo yeGrwalwald yakatanga muna 1410. Musi waJuly 15 pa12: 00 hondo yeJagiello yakagamuchira kubva kune vaipikisa chikamu: maviri akayambuka minondo. Sezvo akazviona ichi sechiratidzo chinonyomba, murairo wakapa urongwa kuti uende pane zvinonyangadza. Pamunda we11x9 km, mazana 130,000 eAllied mauto akaendeswa, ayo aisanganisira Pole, Lithuanians, Russia, Tatars, Armenian, Volokhs, pamwe chete neCzech, Hungarian uye tsika dzakadai semamenenari. Hondo yeTeutonic Order yakanga ine varwi zviuru makumi mashanu, avo vaiva vemarudzi 22, vazhinji vavo vaiva maGermany. Pasinei nekubudirira kweAllies muvarwi, maTeutons aiva nezvombo zvakanakisisa. Hondo iyi yakatanga neinovhiringidza vanhu veLithuania, maGermany vakapindura nemapurisa emapurisa. Ipapo uto reLithuania rakakandirwa shure nevaJalimane. Mitemo yaSmolensk yakaramba iri muhondo uye yakasindimara ichizvidza kutambudzwa, apo vaLithuania vakadzoka zvakare. Poles panguva ino yakarwisa mabhenji eLiechtenstein, uye kurudyi rwavo yakafukidza mitemo yeSmolensk. Uye ipapo pakanga pane kuchema: "Lithuania inodzoka." Uye zvechokwadi, Vitovt akaunganidza hondo yakapararira ndokudzokera kumunda. Vane simba idzva vakarova Teutonic Order, iyo yakanga isingagoni kurwisa hondo yekupedzisira. Chikamu cheuto chakaurawa, vamwe vakatorwa musungwa, vakakuvadzwa, vakatiza, uye hapana chakasara kubva muHondo yeGunwald kubva kuTeutonic Order. Gore ra1410 rakarangarirwa kwenguva yakareba nemativi maviri segore rehondo huru.

Migumisiro

Hondo yeGrwalwald yakaderedza zvikuru Teutonic Order, iyo yakanga yava pedyo nokuguma kwayo. Uye nokuda kweAllies, kutyisidzira kubva kumavirazuva nenzira yevatongi vakaparadzwa. Uye muna 1422 chibvumirano chorugare chakagumiswa pakati pevatori vehondo, maererano neyo Mutemo wakarasa Zanemanya, Zemaitija, Neshava nyika uye Pomorie.