Heavy mvura, kugadzirira yaro uye zvivako

Kare, vanhu havana kufunga kuti ndizvo mvura uye chii chiri mavambo. Vaifunga kuti maatomu akafanana izvi, asi ikozvino tinoziva kuti makemikari akakura.

Muna 1932 nyika yose yakanga kuparadzira nhau kuti Pasi asi nyore, pane mvura rinorema. Zvino isu munotoziva kuti zvinogona 135 isotope mhando.

mamiriro

mvura Heavy, rinonziwo deuterium oxide, makemikari anoumba akasiyana kwakajairika nyore asi pachinzvimbo rehydrogen maatomu zviri mumvura, rine mbiri rinorema isotope rehydrogen, Yaunoti deuterium. mvura Heavy ndiko nzira 2H2O kana D2O. Externally hapana musiyano pakati rinorema uye nyore mvura, asi ivo vakasiyana ehupfumi dzavo.

Nemakemikari mu rinorema mvura Rwako vanodarikwa dzose.

mvura Heavy iri zvishoma muchetura. Research kuedza zvakaratidza kuti kuzvitsinhanisa rehydrogen maatomu nokuda deuterium yemapapu 25%, hunokonzera kushaya mbereko kwemhuka. Kana uchida kuwedzera ayo kugutsikana mumvura, mhuka anofa. Zvisinei, vamwe zvinenge vachapona pa 70% deuterium (Paramecium caudatum). Murume pasina nemigumisiro utano anogona kunwa pamusoro girazi nemvura. In deuterium ichi yabudiswa kubva muviri mumazuva mashomanana.

mvura Heavy ane pfuma kuunganidza mu electrolyte pachiyero, kana kutakurwa reusable mvura electrolysis. It absorbs peya nyore emura panze, kureva zviri hygroscopic.

Chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha ehupfumi kwaiita mvura ndechokuti anenge asingadi kupinza neutrons, uye ichi rinobvumira kuti kushandiswa zvenyukireya reactors kunetesa muitiro neutrons uye kemisitiri rinoshandiswa senzira tracer.

Heavy mvura, mutambo

Mumakore 1933-1946 aiva nzira chete vapfume electrolysis. Gare gare pakanga zvakawanda mberi ruzivo. Contemporary vakawanda Kugadzirwa rinoshandiswa mazano rukova mvura kwakadonhera kubva electrolyte, zvirimo mairi 0.1-0.2% rinorema mvura.

Danho rokutanga zvinoshanda maviri tembiricha wevasungwa hydrosulphuric Michina countercurrent isotope Exchange, wevasungwa panguva nzira yokubudisa inorema mvura 5-10%. Danho rechipiri - the Pazvinoitika electrolysis pamusoro alkaline mhinduro pa razero tembiricha, effluent pfungwa - 99,75-99,995%.

Masayendisiti Russian proprietary michina nokuda kugadzirwa uye wokunatswa rinorema mvura kunge yakatanga. Muna 1995, nzvimbo, iro rine yakakwirira kunyatsoshanda, akaiswa rokutengesa kushanda. Production iri chose asangana zvinodiwa rinorema mvura, chero mari, uye inokupai kuti Export nayo panze.

kunyoresa

mvura Heavy rinoshandiswa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana zvoutachiona uye namakemikari kwendangariro. Masayendisiti vakatsunga kuti kwakadaro mvura kunodzivisa pave utachiona, notumwe tupukanana algae, uye kana rine 50% deuterium, ipapo anowana antimutagenic ehupfumi, kunoita kukura chaivo zvakawanda uye kumhanyisa pakuyaruka muvanhu.

Masayendisiti European vakaperekedza kwakaita mbeva nekenza. mvura Heavy rinoparadzwa uye chirwere chacho muropa. Zvakaonekwa kuti mvura kwakadaro kwakaipa kuti zvinomera uye mhuka. Munguva experimental, izvo akamwisa rinorema mvura, itsvo zvakaparadzwa uye rokurwadzisa muviri. At dzakakwirira mishonga mvura mhuka akafa. Kana chiduku (kusvika 25%), mhuka dzakawana uremu uye akauya nyaya zvakanaka, uye akawedzera zai kugadzirwa mu nehuku.

Mubvunzo chii chinoitika kana iwe zvachose kubvisa deuterium, richakazaruka.

Fananidzo zvivako chiedza uye inorema mvura

Mhinduro yomubvunzo pamusoro musiyano pakati dzinongoitika chiedza uye rinorema mvura kunobva munhu waakanga akanzi.

Chemical ehupfumi pakati pavo hapana anenge asina musiyano. In nomumwe wavo zvakafanana allocates yavaibvisa rehydrogen kubudikidza electrolysis, uye iye nevamwe mvura zvakafanana akafumuka, avo makemikari ehupfumi ndiwo chete, zvakare, nokuti vane nziyo.

The kwomuviri ehupfumi kuti mvura siyana izvi: achibika pfungwa uye kuoma nechando navo dzisakarurama, sezvo vaine zvakasiyana arambe achirema nemhute kuvafurira. Heavy uye chiedza mvura vari yaora ne electrolysis panguva aimhanya siyana.

Kubva zvipenyu nemaonero - yakati yakaoma nyaya, pane zvichiripo kushanda.