Mvura ndiyo musimboti woupenyu pasi redu. Zvisinei, zvatinoziva nezvake? Izvi fuma nyore namakemikari payakavakirwa vangadzidza kusaverengeka. Mumazana kare chokuvapo kwevanhu, mvura anopindura hukuru chinzvimbo. Ndokusaka, ruchiyerera Kuwanda kwakaita zvinhu zvakasikwa, masayendisiti ari kuedza kuwana mamwe mapuraneti mvura manyuko, vangadai uchapupu upenyu zvoutachiona. Zvinosuruvarisa, kuedza kwakadaro pasina vachiri. Pasinei zveBhaibheri zvakawanda uye zvakawanwa, hatina akaratidza kuvapo mamwe dzomunyika kuti nokure isu racho kukura kazhinji.
Water - hwaro hwekurarama kwedu
Vashoma vedu akashamisika, "Chiiko mvura?" Asi pasina izvozvo, upenyu hwevanhu hazvitomboiti. Sayenzi anoti matanhatu mudumbu yevanhu 97% yemvura, pakuzvarwa, chayo ipfupi kusvika 92%, muviri mwana rine 80% of fuma, sezvo mukuru, nenhamba zviri 70% uye yekare - 60 chete%. Izvi zvinogona kuonekwa imwe kakawanda, izvo anotibvumira kupinda ichi muduku uye azere nesimba nyika uye kubuda mariri, wakararama kune akwegura. Unogona kuramba ose zvokudya, zvachose kusiya nyama, chingwa nezvinogadzirwa nomukaka, asi hazvibatanidzi mvura kubva Kudya hazvibviri. With chakasimba kuti bhuku mvura mumuviri ipfupi kuti 5-8%, ukuwo murume zvinochengetwa zvisipo, zvakashatirisa kushanda pakuparadza, agumbuka kuona uye kunzwa, syncope kunoitika. A zvikuru drawback Urume hungada utano uye kunyange upenyu. Kukosha mvura vanhu rakakura zvokuti hatigoni kufungidzira upenyu hwangu pasina ichi multi-dzichipfekeka fuma. Uye vazhinji vedu kutora kuvapo kwayo serinokosha kukanganwa kutarisira uyu unopa upenyu uye nekuporesa chitubu. Water - zvakasikwa solvent nokuda zvinovaka muviri zvose uye zvicherwa uyewo amino acids uye mavhitaminzi. It anokwanisa kuchinja tembiricha yomuviri wedu, excrete tsvina uye zvakasiyana-siyana chepfu zvinoriumba. Ndizvo norubatsiro mvura tsandanyama dzedu mabasa makuru basa rayo - contractility. Ndosaka Kudya vatambi nguva dzose ine yakawanda Urume. Chii mvura zuva nezuva muupenyu hwedu? Uyu ndiwo mumwe inokosha uye zvinokosha zvokudya. Ose mangwanani tatanga nekapu dzichangobva brewed kofi kana tii, risina mvura kubika hazvitomboiti, sezvo kufarira ndiro vakawanda. Masayendisiti akaratidza kuti kuchengetedza utano munhu anofanira uchapedza pazuva kusvika 2,5 litres pamusoro Urume - ichi kuchaita ake zvakanaka, zvinosimudzira basa mupfungwa, uye kupa simba.
Apo mvura here?
Redu rine vanenge mamiriyoni 1500 makiromita 3 mvura, uko chete 10% ndiyo mvura yakachena. mabhuku akawanda raiva pasi goko panguva dzakasiyana-siyana pakadzika - zvinoita here kuti vagovere vave pasi uye mvura. Pakadzika pasi madziva vakadaro vane chimiro midziyo pachangu kuti wakakomberedzwa uye ane zvakaoma matombo dzakakwirira kumanikidzwa mvura. Reservoirs, yaiva shoma metres kudzika, rinoshandiswa nevakawanda sepokutangira mumatsime. Zvisinei, mvura iyi iri kuramba uchikurukura pamusoro rukoko unzenza ivhu, zvichiita yakasviba uye hazvisi akakodzera imba zvinodiwa nguva dzose. The mazizaya pamusoro Antarctica, iri Zimbabwe, muri guru rine mvura yakachena. Mukuwedzera, hombe muupenyu kutamba kwemvura, izvo inoumbwa kwemvura rwokuzvarwa zvinyorwa. Uye isu mvura yakachena kubva mumakungwa kuburikidza dzakasiyana-siyana mumuviri kwemakemikari nzira sei kugamuchira negore? Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kazhinji nokuda kwavo pachavo zvavanoda munhu anoshandisa mvura ine makungwa nenzizi. Baikal oga kunokosha chinhu! Pamusoro pazvo, ndiro cleanest uye chikuru dzinongoitika Dam, iri expanses yeRussia. Ngarava dzakadaro hadzina ukoshi uye tiri nastoyschim nechishamiso venyika. Vanopfuura 6000? Km 3 mvura inochengetwa zvipenyu, kusanganisira zvinomera. Saka, njodzi dzinongoitika mvura zvinhu anoparadzirwa mhiri nyika. Man kugara anokurukura nemvura hunhu: kuburikidza ziya, weti uye excretion emura mumate pamwe kufema. Zvisinei, vanhu vashoma vanobvunza, "? Chii chingaitika kana zvakadaro yo- kumisa" Panyaya iyi, kuti kupera mvura mumuviri kunoitika - a kwacho zvokusava nemvura. Tinotanga kunzwa simba, tine kutora chikamu palpitations, kupfupika mweya uye dzungu kuoneka. Somugumisiro, izvi zvinogona kuitika kusingarapiki pezvakaitwa ari huta uye zvemwoyo enyika, izvo zvichaita kuti rufu muviri wedu.
Water zvakasikwa
Kana kutarira Nyika kubva muchadenga, unogona kushamiswa sei zvisiri rinonzi muviri ichi zvokudenga. The zvakakodzera zvikuru zita nokuti - mvura. Haisi muchadenga kunoongorora akaenzanisa nyika nebhuruu bhora, sezvo ultramarine anokwanisa kudzvinyirira zvose mavara dziri kuri mumashoko pepasi.
Gungwa ndiye mai zvose zvipenyu, uye masayendisiti akawanda vanoomerera kuti upenyu chokutanga angadai kuzomukazve kunyatsoreva mune hwemvura zvakatipoteredza. Duku hwakanyatsorwisa uye vakanovharirwa muviri mvura aigona -wedzera zvimwe Organic zvinhu izvo Yakasvika uchishandisa mvura inoyerera. Ipapo yeimwe yakadaro nezvezvandaifanira romukati pemvura layered chicherwa chinogona catalyze zvavaifunga. Zvadaro, hachizi itsva upenyu unexplored kuti vanhu chisati Akaongorora. Mazuvano mvura zvakasikwa ichaongororwa kuva zvinhu rakajairika, kubva pamusoro 70% of zvachose nzvimbo panyika chakafukidzwa dzinongoitika madziva uye chete anenge 30% yenyika. Mvura saka ichiita mabasa akawanda, kuti vanhu vakadzidza kurishandisa zvinenge zvose munzvimbo hwavo. Tose vanoda soka kukwira jecha inodziya pedyo negungwa uye vanotarisira dolzhgozhdanny zororo kuti shure zvinyoronyoro vachigamuchira tamba uye munyoro yomugungwa mafungu.
Classes zvakasikwa mvura
Mvura:
- Fresh - 2.5%;
- munyu - 97,5%;
- muchimiro brine.
Tichifunga kuti vanenge 75% mvura vari nechando ezvinhu panguva polar ngowani uye mazitombo echando, pasi pevhu ndiyo vanenge 24% of pasi uye ivhu akaparadzirwa 0,5% mwando, zvinoitika kuti yakachipa pashiri uye kupfuura nyore tsime remvura kwatiri tiri madhamu , nzizi uye dzimwe mvura. Scary kufunga kuti pamusana chete anenge 0.01% yenyika mvura reserves. Saka, mubvunzo "chii mvura?" Unogona zvakachengeteka kupindura - izvi pfuma inokosha nyika yedu.
mvura Features
Chemical fomura kwemvura iri nyore - remubatanidzwa wenyika okisijeni atomu maviri rehydrogen maatomu. Zvaizoratidza sokuti zvingava nyore, asi hapana pfuma yakawanda inoshamisa. Mvura ndiyo chete nenhumbi anokwanisa sezvingatarisirwa zviripo zvitatu inoti: gaseous, yakasimba kana mvura, runotsamira kumanikidza uye tembiricha. Urume uhwu kwakakosha nokuti chidzoke uye dzigadziridzwe pezvakaitwa upenyu Panyika, uyewo nokuda paumbwe okunze uye mamiriro enzvimbo.
Mvura ndiyo fuma ndatamira mhepo. Zvinonzi yairamba ichifambira, zvichiita kufamba refu chaizvo marefu. Kana chavakaona rezuva kupisa anowanikwa ari kwemvura mvura pachiso zvinomera, ivhu, nzizi, reservoirs uye negungwa. Izvi unobereka chiutsi iyo anounganidza mumakore vakatakura nemhepo, uye ipapo inowira siyana mumakondinendi muchimiro chando kana mvura. It rinozivikanwa mvura kuti anokwanisa kupa kure kupisa pasina appreciably richikwidibira tembiricha kwayo, nokudaro yokudzora okunze. The samolecular payakavakirwa mvura kunoratidza kuti fuma iyi ine nyore chimiro, asi zvakadaro zviri zvishoma zvaiona Akaongorora, sezvo kuchine zvakawanda unexplored strangeness yamarudzi ichi, izvo zvinogona kushumira kuramba upenyu Panyika.
ehupfumi Physical mvura
Water kana rehydrogen oxide chinhu kemikari kuti anotora chimiro Hauoneki emura iyo haana kwakanaka kana kuravira. Under kwomuzvarirwo ezvinhu, H2O (mvura) kunochengetwa mvura ezvinhu, apo zvakafanana yeimwe vari rehydrogen magasi. izvi zvose zvinogona kutsanangurwa maererano dzinokosha zvechadenga maatomu vanoumba Morekuru, uye kuvapo Links pakati pavo.
Donhwe remvura rinoumbwa mamorekuru kuti vanokwezvwa zvakashandurwa matanda, saka achiumba polar zvisungo, izvo dzinopaza pasina nesimba hazviiti. Morekuru mumwe nomumwe wayo sezvamunoita rine hydrogen Ion, chiri chiduku kuti rinogona kupinda napakati goko akaipa okisijeni atomu ari yakavakidzana Morekuru. Izvi zvinoguma rehydrogen chisungo. Water dhayagiramu inoratidza kuti mumwe Morekuru ane hwakasimba zvina vakavakidzana mamorekuru, vaviri ayo inoumbwa okisijeni maatomu, uye vamwe vaviri - hydrogen maatomu. Uyezve, mvura ine mukuru pamusoro makakatanwa, pfuma iri muduku chete nemekiyuri. The hama viscosity pamusoro H2O ndechekuti rehydrogen yeimwe usaregawo mamorekuru kufamba panguva aimhanya siyana. Nokuti chete zvikonzero, mvura anoonekwa kuva chakanakisisa solvent, sezvo ose morekuru solute pakarepo yakapoteredzwa nemvura mamorekuru, uye akawanda. Saka chokwadi mhosva polar samolecular fuma migove zvinokwezva okisijeni maatomu, uye okusafarira mhosva - rehydrogen.
With chii mvura ikasakendenga?
It zvinosanganisira zvinotevera zvinhu:
- basa simbi (calcium, potassium, yavaibvisa, barium, uye vamwe vazhinji);
- halogens (chloro, fluoro) uye mezhgaloidnye remubatanidzwa;
- munyu;
- inorganic anhydrides uye carboxylic acids;
- vachishingaira organometallic remubatanidzwa;
- carbides, nitrides, phosphides, silicides, hydrides vanoshingaira simbi;
- silanes, Boron;
- Carbon suboxide;
- fluorides vanokudzwa magasi.
Chii chinoitika kana neshungu?
Water ikasakendenga:
- magnesium, simbi;
- methane, carbon;
- pamwe alkyl halides.
Chii chinoitika pamberi anowedzera?
Water ikasakendenga:
- pamwe alkenes;
- acetylene;
- pamwe nitrites;
- amides;
- pamwe esters ose carboxylic acids.
The arambe achirema mvura
mvura arambe achirema Formula chakafanana parábola pamwe vertex paneimwewo tembiricha 3,98 inegumi. Nemifananidzo iyi arambe achirema pamusoro kwemakemikari kuri 1000 makirogiramu / m 3. The dziva mvura arambe achirema zvinokonzerwa zvinhu zvakadai tembiricha, salinity, kuvapo munyu, uye kumanikidza rokumusoro akaturikidzana. Sayenzi dzakaratidza kuti dzakanga tembiricha, zvikuru bhuku nefuma uye tikarega arambe achirema kwayo. Ndizvo mvura, asi iri kuwanda 0 C kusvika 4 C haasi mabasa, sezvo tembiricha kunowedzera vhoriyamu inotanga kutapudzwa. Kana pasina mvura ichiputswa magasi, anogona dzaserera kuti tembiricha kuti -70 ° C, nepo isina kutendeuka kupinda chando. Saizvozvowo fuma iyi inogona kuiswa kuti tembiricha kuti 150 ° C uye haina kubika. Pasinei nokuti nzira kuti mvura vane mwero chaizvo, ehupfumi ayo kare zviuru zvizhinji zvevanhu vanomanikidzwa kunamata ichi maatomu akafanana simba.
Kushandiswa kwemvura utano
Panofanira mvura rinenge zvose dzevanhu: tsandanyama, mapfupa, mapapu, mwoyo, itsvo, chitaka, ganda uye mafuta tishu. Vazhinji emura, zvinoti 99%, unotora ari vitreous mutumbi ziso, uye kashoma kuti anenge 0.2%, zino enamel. Rich mumvura kugutsikana uye pfungwa, nokuti pasina fuma ichi hatingagoni kufunga uye vaunze ruzivo. Chero nokukanganisika siyana kuitika mumuviri, unogona optimally kuitika chete kana zvakakwana wemvura, zvimwe, mune nzvimbo dzomuviri uye masero kuchaita -wedzera kuguma zvibereko muviri kuti ichaita kuti zvirwere zvakawanda zvakakomba. Kuti izvi zvisaitike, unofanira kuchengeta kwakakodzera mvura rinodyiwa.
Basa mvura mumuviri
Water inobatsira kuti:
- senga siyana nhengo uye nyama nezvinovaka muviri, zvicherwa uye okisijeni;
- nokubviswa tsvina, muchetura, uye munyu dzaro;
- normalization kupisa;
- mutemo hemopoiesis uye arterial kufurirwa;
- lubrication mapfundo tsandanyama.
Zviratidzo zvokusava nemvura
Kana kupera mvura mumuviri zvinochengetwa dzakadaro mananara:
- Hope, utera;
- muromo chakaoma, kupfupika mweya;
- fivhiri, kutemwa;
- kutyorwa inonzwisisika mafungiro, kufenda;
- kwetsandanyama;
- zvisipo;
- dulling zvakaratidzwa uye kunzwa;
- paumbwe remafuta akawandisa plaques, ropa riyerere vanotaura;
- marwadzo majoini.
Possible zvirwere dewatering uye mwero wemvura
Zvingamuka zvirwere zvinotevera:
- chearthritis;
- chirungurira, gastritis, kupatira;
- paumbwe matombo omunduru;
- kufutisa.
It akakurudzira kunwa mazuva ose 2,5 litres emura, kusanganisira mvura zviri zvokudya. Kana munhu anosvuta mabhokisi, anodya nyama, zvokunwa doro uye kofi, chinofanira kuwedzera pamwero nezuva remvura, sezvo pfungwa idzi vakabatsira kuwedzera kupera mvura mumuviri. Pashure usiku zororo, vose pezvakaitwa inokosha mumuviri yedu kuwedzera, nei kutsigira muviri wako nokusika wokuwedzera mvura kuchengeterwa iye. Masikati, kana takaona yepamusoro basa, nani kutora mvura iri migove diki, kuti varege wakaremedza negadziriro uye nhengo dzomukati. Manheru zvakakodzera kusimudza kurambidzwa zvose uye kunwa zvakawanda muchida, Chokwadi, kana kusina matambudziko utano.
Kana zvakafanira kugeza pasi zvokudya?
The zvazvingava daily mvura kuti kuparadzirwa zvakaenzana, kunyanya zvinobatsira kunwa vamwe mvura pamberi kudya kuti normalize metabolic uye kuchenesa pezvakaitwa uyewo tikarega ropa remafuta akawandisa siyana uye yevasungwa. Vanachiremba havana kukuudza kugeza pasi zvokudya, nekuti ichi kana gastric muto rakasanganiswa, uye chirongwa kugaya iri seiyi. Kushaikwa kwemvura mumuviri zvinogona kukonzera kuzvidya mwoyo, zvikaita muuropi anonongedzera nzara ichauya, kunyange ichangopfuura akadya. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, achaita zvakare kudya pachinzvimbo muzadze zvinwiwa. Panguva iyi, vawane zvokudya hunowanikwa sezvo mafuta, izvo mune ramangwana aigona kukanganisa zvavo ezvinhu. Kunwa mvura yakakwana zuva nezuva, zvinokwanisika kudzvinyirira kunzwa nzara uye kuderedza uwandu zvokudya vaparadzwa, zvikurukuru nemafuta. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti facial uye tii haagoni zvizere ne mvura yakachena, sezvo ane vanoshingaira zvinhu izvo zvinogona kuvhiringidza makemikari anoumba muviri. Carbonated zvinwiwa tiri anoumbwa kunokuvadza makemikari kungamutsawo mamwe dewatering.
dzinonakidza zvinhu
1. muviri nemhuka nezvirimwa, avhareji uwandu mvura kunopfuura 50%.
2. Kuronga Dzenyika jasi ine zvakawanda 10 nguva mvura pane nyanza.
3. paavhareji kudzika munyanza ari 3,6 km vakafukidza 71% Nyika pevhu uye rine anenge 97,6% ekudzidza kwemvura.
4. kusavapo nyika pamusoro protuberances uye dzegirini mvura aizomuka pamusoro nyika 3 makiromita.
5. Kana ose mazizaya yakanyauka, mvura pamwero vaisimuka ne 64 m, kwamakadarika 1/8 nyika kwaizoratidzwa nemafashamo.
6. Mvura yomugungwa ane avhareji 35% kubva salinity, kuubvumira -oma panguva tembiricha kuti -1,91 ° C
7. Mune zvimwe zviitiko mvura -oma panguva tembiricha pamusoro razero.
8. Inside nanotubes mvura payakavakirwa inoshanduka mamorekuru ayo kutora mutsva mamiriro runovabvumira Urume iyerere kunyange razero tembiricha.
9. Water anogona kuratidza kusvika 5% of chezuva, uye chando - anopfuura 85%, asi chando rinokwanisa kusvika 2 chete% masikati.
10. mvura yakachena munyanza ari yebhuruu, nokuda Absorção de Água wayo kusarudza uye kupararira.
11. Kushandisa mvura mumate kuti kuchadonha kubva tepi, zvinokwanisika zvichiberekana ari voltage vanenge 10 kilovolts.
12. Mvura rimwe mashoma dzinongoitika zvinhu anogona kuwedzerwa pane kuchinja kubva mvura kuti hwakasimba.
13. The hwemvura uye mvura anogona kupisa Rakabatanidzwa fluorine, zvakadai musanganiswa panguva yakakwirira kuwanda kuva putika.
In mhedziso
Chii chinonzi mvura? Hazvina siyana, kunyange zvazvo zvisiri mukomboni kuti nderei chivakwa zvinhu nyika yedu. No chipenyu muviri haagoni kurarama pasina mvura. Chiri simba panobva, mumwe chekuchengeta svikiro uye tsime chairo utano. Kunyange Madzibaba edu vakatenda kunoshamisa nesimba mvura uye vakashandisa yaro unhu kuporesa mishonga zhinji zvirwere. dambudziko chizvarwa chedu ndechokuita kuramba ichi njodzi wakanaka kwayo pristine ezvinhu. A yakawanda tinogona kuita kuti zvizvarwa zvedu kunzwa kufamba. Ponesai mvura, isu kuponesa upenyu hwedu zvinoshamisa uye kubaya nyika. Vanhu vatarisire mvura! Haana kunyange kutsiva pfuma yose yenyika. Water - kupangidza mamiriro yedu, ayo mwoyo uye ropa.