Heat injini: nheyo oparesheni, mudziyo redunhu

Funga kupisa michini, zvigadziriswe kuita izvi musimboti. Panyika nechepasi, uye makungwa ose womukati simba reserves anogona kunzi risingagumi. Kuti vagadzirise zvinetso hunoshanda, hazvina kukwana. The midziyo uye kushanda nhungamiro kupisa injini vanofanira kuziva kuti kudzinga lathes ndege. Man inoda mano zvokuti anogona kuita kubatsira basa.

Heat michini, uyo oparesheni tichakurukura ndiyo huru panyika. In pavo pane kuchinja yomunyika simba mune zvokuimba mhando.

Zvakakurukurwa kupisa injini

Chii Zvakaitwa kupisa injini musimboti? Muchidimbu inogona hunomiririrwa nyore kuedza. Kana mvura dira chubhu, vanza chubhu, muuye dzokubikira, izvozvo kuchabhururuka. Chikonzero asvetuka pasi chivhariso iri ane nokushanda chiutsi rwomukati. The muitiro achabatsirwa rokutendeutsa womukati simba kupinda kinetic ukoshi peya chimiso. Heat michini, ane oparesheni akafanana akatsanangura kuedza, zvakasiyana mamiriro. Pane kushandisa resimbi humburumbira chubhu. Cork chakatsiva pisitoni, avete pedyo masvingo, kutamira pamwe humburumbira.

algorithm matanho

Chii Zvakaitwa kupisa injini musimboti? Grade 10 anofanira funga nezvenyaya panguva wefizikisi zvidzidzo. Heat Injini varume vanodana zvenhengo apo pane womukati mafuta simba kutendeuka kupinda zvokuimba kutarira.

Kuti chinobatsira injini oparesheni, kumanikidza musiyano iri mativi ose pisitoni kana turbine mashizha simba vasikwa. Kuti vawane kumanikidzwa musiyano kwakadaro kunoitika kushanda Urume tembiricha nokuwedzera zviuru madhigirii tichienzanisa avhareji yacho zvakavapoteredza. Kwakadaro tembiricha richisimuka kunoitika munguva combustion rikurumidze.

Misiyano tembiricha

Motokari All ano emit kudziyisa ari kushanda Urume. Dzinonzi gasi kuitika kwacho wokukudza anobatsira basa. Initial tembiricha, runotaurwa T1, nayo anowana iri bhaira kana turbine michina. indekisi iyi inonzi hita tembiricha. Mukuita kuita basa iri zvishoma nezvishoma arasikirwa simba negasi. Izvi zvinotungamirira zvisingadzivisiki kutonhora ari kushanda Urume kune imwe indekisi T2. The tembiricha ukoshi inofanira kuva pasi ambient kwezvakatipoteredza indekisi, zvimwe gasi kufurirwa achava zvazvingava duku pane mumhepo kufurirwa, uye injini oparesheni haazogumburwi.

Paakati T2 ndiye kudziya mufiriji. It anoita somunhu mhepo kana midziyo inokosha inodiwa kutonhora uye condensing kuti vakapedza chiutsi.

zvimwe zvinhu

Saka, kupisa michini, kuti uchishandisa pfungwa iyo inobva pakuwedzera kushanda Urume haasi kupa kuita basa rose yomukati simba. Chero zvazvingava, vamwe kupisa achaiswa hwakatamisirwa mhepo (firiji) pamwe apedza chiutsi kana chiutsi gasi turbine kana womukati combustion injini.

The kunyatsoshanda nokupisa injini

Chii uchishandisa pfungwa imwe kupisa injini? Thermal kunyatsoshanda of injini kunoenderana uwandu anobatsira basa kuteererwa gasi. Kwakapiwa kuti hazvibviri kuchinja dzomunyika simba zvachose kupinda basa kupisa injini, zvinokwanisika kuti kutsanangura irreversibility dzinongoitika pezvakaitwa uye zvakavapo. Pakadaro, kana vakachengeta vaingoerekana kudzoka kupisa kubva hita kusvika kutonhora, dzomunyika simba chakazara chidzitiro kuti kuva inobatsira basa achishandisa kupisa injini.

Kunyatsoshanda ndiyo nhamba anobatsira basa kuteererwa womukati injini, kuti uwandu kupisa kuti hwakatamisirwa mufiriji. In wefizikisi, ukoshi ichi kunowanzoratidzirwa kuva chikamu. Ndiyo musimboti kushanda kupisa injini. Driving zvakajeka uye zviri nyore, kunyange vokusekondari iripo. Mitemo wethermodynamics zvigoneke kuita kukarukureta ari kunonyanyisa kunyatsoshanda.

Kugadzirwa iri kupisa injini

The vakatanga muchina wokutanga kushandisa kupisa vakava Sadi Carnot. Akatanga motokari akakwana umo dzakanakira gasi ndiwo nokushanda muviri. Uyezve, musayendisiti aigona kuona kunyatsoshanda mwero kuti zano vachishandisa tsika kudziya mufiriji uye hita.

Carnot asingakwanisi kuona ukama pakati chaiyo chafariz muchina kushanda pahwaro ari hita, uye unotonhorera, iyo anoita se mhepo kana condenser. Kuburikidza kwemasvomhu payakavakirwa wakatangwa na Karnaugh yayo yokutanga akanaka kupisa injini iri pakutsvaga kunonyanyisa kunyatsoshanda. Pakati tembiricha ane hita uye firiji pane rakananga chisungo.

Kuti zvakanaka kushanda muchina, tembiricha havafaniri kuva zvishoma pane indekisi dzakapoterera mhepo. Kana akakumbira, kuti hita tembiricha inogona hwakawedzera, pasina kukanganwa kuti mumwe muviri vanachandagwinyira ane zvimwe kupisa nemishonga. Sezvo muchidziisa nayo anorasikirwa elasticity yayo, uye kana zvasvika Inzvimbo tembiricha chete ikanyauka. Nokuda zvakagadzirwa kuti kubudirira mune ano youinjiniya maindasitiri, pane zvishoma nezvishoma yakawedzera injini chafariz kunyatsoshanda. Somuenzaniso, zvinoderedza mvongamupopoto pakati wacho zvikamu zvinopedzwa kurasikirwa anomuka nokuda kukwana mafuta combustion.

Internal injini

Zviri kupisa injini ine kushanda Urume rinoshandiswa yakakwirira tembiricha magasi anobudiswa panguva combustion pakubhadhara siyana peturu mukati kamuri. Pane zvinogara mana motokari muinjini. Pakati constituent zvikamu richanzi yaunodya uye pedza mavharuvhu, combustion mukamuri, pisitoni, humburumbira, dzomoto chivhariso, unobva tsvimbo, uye flywheel.

mhedziso

Pari, shandisa-siyana motokari michini: Diesel, kabhureta. Pasinei kusiyana mafuta akashandiswa, ivo akafanana pfungwa. For chafariz simba mari yakawanikwa panguva combustion kuti peturu, pane chafariz simba kutendeuka chimiro.

Pakutanga Danho pane anotsvedzerera kwebasa vharuvhu pasi muitiro kunoitika nokuzadza musanganiswa iri kushanda yomukati. Pakupera wokutanga sitiroko iri kudya vharuvhu anovhara. Uyezve, pisitoni inofamba upwardly, ari kushanda musanganiswa iri compressed. Masasaradzi ari sesasaradzi chivhariso kunotungamirira kuti kuvesa ari mafuta nezvakasanganiswa. Kumanikidza kunoitwa vaviri mhepo uye peturu kusvikira pisitoni, kutungamirira ayo kwatangwa rigone kufamba, saka akadana wachi "kushanda nevanga". The kwebasa crankshaft inopiwa. In pachikuva rechina chiutsi vharuvhu anovhura, kuti ejection kunoitika munguva pave chiutsi gasi.