Odessa uwandu hwevanhu: kukura uye sezvamunoita

Munguva ichangopfuura, Odessa aigona kunzi maguta. Zvisinei, nhasi, chinzvimbo ichi hachisisiri muguta. Chii vanhu Odessa nhasi? Chii rupi vakagara South Palmyra uye sei vanogara pano?

Vagari paguta Odessa uye nhamba yacho

Wokupedzisira Kuverenga muUkraine kuitwa, sezvo chikazozikamwa, muna 2001. Panguva iyoyo ndaigara Odessa vanhu miriyoni imwe uye 29 zviuru. Makore gumi gare gare, Caledonia, zvinosuwisa, akarasikirwa ayo maguta hweHIV. Chikuru Chikonzero ichi raiva vakawanda depopulation munyika yose (nokuda, pakutanga kwezvose, pasi kubereka mwero).

vanhu vangani kurarama nhasi munguva Odessa? evanhu kuchengetedzwa kwevanhu, maererano rokutanga nokufungidzira, anopa dimikira 1.029.650 Vagari (Zvisinei, hakuna zvawanikwa zvachose uye chipo population). Nemamwe mashoko, guta vakakunda miriyoni kamwe zvakare. Nyanzvi dzinoti ichi zvingaitika nokuda chinokosha mutsika zvevapoteri vaibva East Odessa Ukraine.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti muzhizha vagari Odessa zvinooneka yakawedzera nokuda revashanyi vaenzi. Odessans kunyange jokingly vanoti muna September, "zuva kusunungurwa guta rechipiri."

Chii chechikadzi Kuronga vanhu guta rino? Maererano iripo uwandu, izvozvo anogara Odessa 53% nomunhukadzi uye 47% makono.

Vakatenda vagari Odessa? Nhoroondo yokutanga okuverengwa

Odessa, sezvazvakanyorwa anozivikanwa, rakaumbwa muna 1794. In ichi zvakaoma kutenda, asi mumazuva iwayo, "KUKWEZVWA" vanhu muguta rino rakanga chaizvo basa rakaoma. Akakwezva vokutanga kugara ari Sea Black pamhenderekedzo achibatsirwa zvakanakira siyana: ehurumende-vaiva dzimba, mumwe mari mubayiro 150 rubles, uye kusaita basa rechiuto.

Nokuti kokutanga vanhu Odessa yakatobuda kuverengerwa muna 1795. Panguva iyoyo vemo 2349 vanhu veguta racho. Chii kunakidza, vanenge 25% nhamba iyi vaiva akanga atiza serfs nevamwe kumatunhu ari Russian Empire. Pakutanga mashoko XIX remakore anotanga kuvakwa chengarava riri Odessa. Chiitiko ichi rava mutyairi anokosha kukwezva vagari vatsva kuguta.

The Verenga 1817 kwakaratidza kuti vanhu Odessa yawedzera 32 zviuru vanhu. Uye makore makumi maviri gare gare, zvirokwazvo Munopfuura 50,000th chinhu. Zvisinei, kutanga kuverenga zvakakomba yakaitwa Odessa muna 1892. The City Council yave dzinounzwa ayo Implementation anodarika zviuru 30 rubles. Census rwakatora mazuva matatu! Papera vhiki mbiri, pashure kuunganidza makadhi matunhu neminisiparati Statistical bureaus pakupedzisira rakazivisa mukuru mufananidzo 336 zviuru vanhu! Muchiitiko chino, ose ugere kuti kechitatu Odessa aiva muJudha.

The kwemadzinza anoumba vokuparidzira

Hazvina chakavanzika kuti vanhu Odessa ndiye multinationals siyana. Nhasi pane kugara pamwe chete murunyararo uye Russian Ukrainians, vokuBulgaria uye vokuMoldova, vaJudha uye vokuArmenia.

Nokudaro, madzinza Kuronga vanhu Odessa ano ndiko: kupfuura dzakawanda boka dzinza muguta ndivo Ukrainians (anenge 62%). Vari anoteverwa Russian (29%), Bulgaria (1.3%), vaJudha (1,2%), vokuMoldova (anenge 1%) uye Belarusians Poles, Armenian, vaGiriki uye mamwe marudzi.

The Jewish nharaunda Odessa uye nhoroondo yaro

Simba nevaJudha vakawanda Odessa agara aripo. VaJudha About 125,000 pakanga muguta pakupera rokupedzisira remakore. Kunyange zvazvo vakagara pedyo Odessa isati nheyo guta pacharo. Somuenzaniso, masayendisiti akawana munzvimbo yacho Turkish nhare Hadzhibey tombstone Jewish yomusi 1770 gore.

Nechekare panguva pakuguma XVIII remakore muguta sinagoge wokutanga uye chikoro vana vaJudha. Muna 1809, munyika Odessa kuMoldova Bender asvika uye wokutanga rabhi - Yitzhak Rabinovich. Kamwe pamahombekombe yakavakwa chikuru chengarava, vaJudha vakasvika Odessa kunyange zvakawanda. Vakabva vatanga vachishingaira mubasa upenyu reguta, akamhanya uye kunyange akasarudzirwa redhorobha.

Mukutanga ramakumi remakore, vaJudha vakanga vasiri asingasviki 32% muna Odessa. Panguva yavo achigona, guta akanga 7 mumasinagoge uye 89 zvikoro uye mazana maviri headers (zvikoro zvokutanga). Zvino pokuchinja, uye shure kwayo - hondo uye weNazi rinotambudza, pashure iyo uwandu boka iri dzinza akanga kuderedzwa kusvika ka30!

Nhasi, ari Odessa Jewish vomunharaunda ane nhamba kindergartens, zvikoro pamwe ndichibvunza kudzidza chiHebheru. Ikoko vaJudha Odessa uye setsvimbo revakadzi, uyewo kosher zvitoro uye mumaresitorendi. Odessa Jewish vomunharaunda rinobudisa pachake pepanhau rayo, iri zvakaparadzira mahara.

ZvomuMoldova nharaunda Odessa uye nhoroondo yaro

Chimwe vakawanda vaigara Odessa - ndiyo vokuMoldova. Handiti, kusvikira kumuganhu zvomuMoldova nokuda Ukrainian guta mukati kusvikika - chete 50 makiromita kure. Uye mumwe mumaruwa Odessa akadana - Moldavia.

VokuMoldova, uye Ukrainians pachavo kazhinji vanoda kuyeuka kuti mumakore 650 apfuura pakati penyika mbiri hapana kunetsana zvechiuto. VokuMoldova vaigara Odessa, kuwirirana chete Ukrainians, achidana kwavari rugare uye vanoshanda nesimba chaizvo.

Maererano kuchangobva data, muna South Palmyra anogara vanenge 8000 vokuMoldova. Uye vose vavo Odessa nharaunda, pane 125 zviuru. Odessa vokuMoldova tinoita munyika yokumwe iri kunyanya zvinhu zvitatu - zvokurima, vemabhizimisi nevesayenzi. Pakati mapurofesa navadzidzisi dzakakwirira masangano dzidzo Odessa yakawanda vanhu kubva pedyo nyika.

VokuMoldova muna Odessa vanonzwa nyore chaizvo uye dzakanaka. No romutauro havamuurayi, somunhu mutemo, ivo vaiziva wokuUkraine uye Russian. The vamiririri vashoma ichi vari kupemberera zvavo tsika zvavo mitambo muna Odessa: Mertsishor uye Malanka. Sezvineiwo, zviri nemari nokuda Odessa nenzanga vokuMoldova shanduro-Ukrainian zvose "Ray Ferou" pepanhau, riri kudhindwa mumutauro zvomuMoldova kuti nhengo Diaspora.

Odessa: gasi. Tariffs, nokuti yevagari

tariffs, New kuti kudziyisa uye gasi - mubvunzo kuti zviri zvikuru hanya vagari Odessa. Muna May 2015 yomunharaunda zvebhizimisi "Odessagaz" akazivisa tariffs, itsva vanogara muguta.

Nokudaro, rendi nokuda gasi (nokuti varimi vane dzokugara vane kwakajairika gasi cookers) yakawedzera 3 nguva uye nhasi 21,56 Hryvnia pamunhu. Asi geysers varidzi kubhadhara 64,69 Hryvnia pamunhu.

Panguva iyoyo rakawedzera for kudziyisa uye mvura inopisa. Nokuti mumwe cubic mita rimwe nenharo mvura kubva Odessa zvino unofanira voisa 42,14 USD. New kudziyisa zvazvingava zviri 16.7 USD. panguva "mita" nharaunda. Nokuti reference, mumwe Hryvnia - zviri pamusoro rubles Russian pfuurei matatu.

mhedziso

Odessa - huru chengarava guta riri kumaodzanyemba Ukraine, ane vakawanda anoda kubatsira vanhu miriyoni imwe. Pane dzinosvika vemarudzi akasiyana. Remasangano navo - asi Ukrainians, Russian vaJudha, Moldavians, vaBulgaria, vaGiriki uye vokuArmenia.