How kufema utachiona? Kurovedza uye anaerobic utachiona. Kunyanya kufema prokaryotes

Anenge zvose zvipenyu Panyika zvinoda chirongwa afemeruke. Okisijeni chimwe chezvinhu zvakafanana oxidizers mu ari kufema cheni remhuka, zvinomera, protists, mabhakitiriya akawanda. Zvisinei, haasi munhu wose anoziva kuti miviri yedu zvisingapindirani kunzwisisa maumbirwo masero diki tusingaoneki. The mubvunzo unomuka: sei kufema utachiona? Ko nzira yokuwana simba nezvedu?

Ko utachiona zvose kufema okisijeni?

Havasi vose vanoziva kuti okisijeni haiwanzofarirwi inodiwa pakuderedza ari kufema cheni. It anoridza kazhinji basa ane Erekitironi acceptor, zvisinei zvakanaka gasi iri oxidized uye zvaanoita pamwe hydrogen protons. ATP - ichi ndicho chikonzero kuti zvose zvipenyu kufema. Zvisinei, marudzi mazhinji utachiona kuita pasina oxygen, uye vachiri kuwana kuchiva kunobva simba sezvo adenosine triphosphate. How kufema kwemabhakitiriya kwakadai?

Pfungwa afemeruke mumuviri wedu inoitika pamusoro mumatanho maviri. Chokutanga izvi - anaerobic - hakurevi pamberi okisijeni muchitokisi, uye zvinoda chete manyuko kabhoni uye rehydrogen hwepurotoni acceptors. Danho rechipiri - Kurovedza - rinowanikwa chete pamberi okisijeni uye kunoratidzwa vakawanda phased siyana.

In utachiona, izvo regai yekubata okisijeni uye regai kurishandisa afemeruke kunoitika chete anaerobic Danho. Pamusoro chikoro tusingaoneki vanogamuchirawo ATP, asi mari yakasiyana chaizvo izvo zvatinowana pashure kwemutemo kufema maviri nzendo. Zvakaratidza kuti kwete utachiona zvose kufema oxygen.

ATP - waifarirwa kunobva simba

Nokuti mumwe muviri zvakakosha kuchengetedza zvokurarama nazvo zvavo. Naizvozvo, zvinokosha nedanho shanduka kuwana zvinyorwa simba kuti vari kushandisa achakwanisa kupa zvakakwana zvinhu nokuda aibuda ose anodiwa chinja muchitokisi. First kwakauya chinovira utachiona: vakadanwa saka danho glycolysis kana anaerobic afemeruke padanho prokaryotes. Zvino panguva yakawanda yepamusoro zvipuka zvine masero akawanda zvinenge vakashanduka adaptations, naro, pamwe kutora chikamu mumhepo okisijeni kufema kunyatsoshanda yekudyidzana kwakawedzera. Saka paiva Kurovedza padanho cellular afemeruke.

How kufema utachiona? Grade 6 Chokwadi zvipenyu chikoro kunoratidza kuti chipi muviri zvinokosha kugamuchira mumwe inorwara simba. Mukuita yemhindumupindu zvikazikamwa kuchengetwa mune zvikuru synthesized nokuda Morekuru ichi kunzi adenosine triphosphate.

ATP ndiye simba-vapfumi fuma, iyo inobva kabhoni iri pentose mhete senitrogen chawo (adenosine). Ibvai iye phosphate residues pakati zviri kuumbwa mukuru-simba zvisungo. Nokuparadzwa mumwe wavo asunungurwe avhareji vanenge 40 KJ, uye mumwe ATP Morekuru anokwanisa dzekuchengeta vaifanira matatu phosphate residues. Saka, kana uchiora ATP kuna ADP (adenoziddifosfat), sero anogamuchira 40 KJ nesimba munguva dephosphorylation. Uye, ndiEzekieri, kunoitika kuburikidza phosphorylation kuchengetera ADP kuna ATP simba zvekushandisa.

Glycolysis Sero kwemabhakitiriya anopa 2 ATP Morekuru apo Kurovedza afemeruke kupedza danho inogona sero 36 pakarepo Mamorekuru Akaoma nefuma. Saka, mubvunzo "How kufema utachiona?" Mhinduro yacho inogona kupiwa zvinotevera: zvinofema muitiro kuti prokaryotes yakawanda nokuumbwa ATP pasina kuvapo okisijeni uye mari.

How kufema utachiona? mhando kufema

With okisijeni prokaryotes zvose vanokamurwa mumapoka akawanda. Pakati pavo:

1. Unosungira anaerobes.
2. Facultative anaerobes.
3. Unosungira aerobes.

Boka rokutanga ine utachiona avo asingagoni kugara yakachena ezvinhu. O2 kwavari chepfu uye inotungamirira masero rufu. Mienzaniso utachiona dzakadaro kunogona kungova symbiotic prokaryotes kuti rigare mukati mumwe muviri tisina okisijeni.

Boka rechipiri unotora avo siyana prokaryotes, izvo nokushingaira kuwanda uye kukura pasina okisijeni, asi chikamu chiduku nawo kwezvakatipoteredza haiiti kuti zvinouraya nemigumisiro. Mabhakitiriya ava saprophytes uye zvimwe tupukanana.

How kufema kwemabhakitiriya veboka rechitatu? prokaryotes izvi zvakasiyana pakuti vanogona chete kurarama mumamiriro ezvinhu ose aerosolization zvakanaka. Kana paine kukwana neoxygen iri mumhepo, masero aya kufa nokukurumidza, nokuti zvinokosha kufema O2.

The chinovira rakasiyana chinofema okisijeni?

Chinovira mu utachiona - ndizvo chete nedanho glycolysis, ayo akasiyana mhando prokaryotes anogona kupa zvakasiyana zvigadzirwa. Somuenzaniso, mashoko lactic iine acid chinovira inotungamirira paumbwe Kubudirira kwakaita lactic acid, zvinwiwa chinovira - panyaya iyi uye carbon dioxide, mafuta-yakashapa - butyric (butanoic acid), etc ...

Okisijeni kufema - ndiyo ngetani rakakwana pezvakaitwa kubvira danho glycolysis kuumbika pyruvic acid, uye kupera Kushanduka CO2, H2O uye simba. Recent siyana kutora nzvimbo pasi pamberi okisijeni.

How kufema utachiona? Biology (Grade 6) School Nzira zvidukuduku

Kuchikoro, takapiwa chete zivo nyore sei muitiro kufema prokaryotes. Mitochondria kubva tusingaoneki izvi hazvisi Zvisinei, vane mesosoma - miganhu of cytoplasmic Kamudzira kupinda muchitokisi. Asi zvivako izvi regai kutamba zvikuru zvahunoreva basa afemeruke mabhakitiriya.

Sezvo mhirizhonga - rudzi glycolysis, zvinotora nzvimbo cytoplasm pamusoro prokaryotes. Kunewo dzakawanda makemikari zvinodiwa yose cheni wanda. All, pasina chaakasiya utachiona mamorekuru maviri pyruvic asidhi wokutanga yakabereka somunhu. Zvino kuna vamwe ne-zvigadzirwa, zviri novimba mhando kuvira.

mhedziso

World prokaryotes, pasinei pachena nyore cellular sangano, azere yakaoma uye dzimwe nguva asingatsananguriki nguva. Zvino pane mhinduro sezvo kufema utachiona chaizvoizvo, nokuti havasi vose vanoda okisijeni. Mukupesana, vakawanda dzakashandisa kushandisa dzimwe, shoma inobatsira nzira yokuwana simba - chinovira.