Gungwa reshumba ... Izvo zvakasiyana sei nezvimwe zvisimbiso?

Maererano nesarudzo yesayenzi, shumba dzegungwa ndezvenyika yeEared Seals. Asi mumararamiro avo uye mararamiro avo, zvakasiyana zvakanyanya nehama dzavo dzepedyo. Iko kunoreva, kubva pazvisimbiso zvejovu nezvisimbiso. Ndivana ani - izvo zvikara zvinodyiwa? Uye vanogara mumhenderekedzo yegungwa vakafanana zvakadini nemafuta makuru anowanikwa mumasana? Mhinduro kumubvunzo uyu iri nyore: muvarume vane ruzivo mvere dzemapuranga ndeyekureba kudarika pane imwe nzvimbo, iyo inokonzera kure kure kufanana ne mane yekuAfrica. Pane maonero ekuti shumba dzegungwa dzinorarama chete mu Southern Southern Nyika. Ikoko kune marudzi matatu-munzvimbo: Australian, New Zealand uye kumaodzanyemba, akawana mugungwa weAfrica neLatin America. Asi kuchamhembe kweyo equator mhuka dzakadaro dzinowanzonzi. Uyu ibva reCalifornia uye shumba yegungwa. Uye kana yekutanga yezvipenyu ichisiyana zvishoma kubva kune vamwe vanoenda kumaodzanyemba (sezvo inogara mumasitropi uye haifaniri kuchengetedza mabhii e-subcutaneous fat), iyo Steller yegungwa yegungwa yakatora niche inokosha mukunzvimbo yakakwirira yeNorthern Hemisphere. Anogara muRussia paKuril Islands, Gungwa reOkhotsk, Kamchatka, Sakhalin. Uyewo inogona kuwanika paMamongi Islands uye neAleutian Islands, Alaska uye kugungwa kweNorth America kusvika kuCalifornia.

Dhiyabhorosi shumba, kusiyana nedzimwe zviratidzo, zvinoshamisa zvinoshamisa zvisikwa. Kunyangwe pasi, ivo vari kushingaira uye kushamwaridzana, uye mumvura uye kuratidza zvishamiso zve circus acrobatics. Ganda ravo rakasviba, uye pane hunofu huru. Iri jasi risingakanganisi uye mafuta mashoma emafuta akaponesa kuona kwegungwa regungwa kubva pakuparadzwa nevanhu. Kuvhima hazvibatsiri sezvisimbiso uye zvimwe zvisimbiso, kunyange zvazvo muJapan mhando dzakasikwa dzemhuka idzi dzaparadzwa zvachose. Muviri wakatsvaira, masimbi ane simba, akafukidzwa musoro muduku nediki, zvishoma nezvishoma maziso akanaka anobvumira shumba kuti iende kune yakadzika kusvika mamita 90 uye ichidzingisa zvikoro zvehove nokukurumidza.

Mhuka idzi dzinogona kupedza mazuva ari mugungwa. Zvisinei, shumba dzegungwa hadzidi kutama kwenguva refu. Tinogona kutaura kuti izvi ndezvipenyu zvisingagoneki zvisingasiyi mahombekombe avo zvinopfuura 25 km. Vanovhima hove, crustaceans, mollusks. Uyewo, shumba dzegungwa dzinova mhuka dzekuuraya nyangadzi nemashizha machena. Vanorarama mumakoloni, asi kwete sevakawanda sevamwe vezvisimbiso. Varume vavo vanowedzerawo rugare - dzose dzinorwisana pamusoro pevanhukadzi dzinoitwa, sekutonga, "kusvika kuropa rokutanga". Madzimai anotyisa chete mumazuva ekutanga mushure mekuberekwa. Vechidiki vane huta hwegoridhe uye vanofudza mukaka wamai kwemwedzi mitanhatu. Madzimai vanoita zvepabonde zvegore rechitatu rehupenyu, uye varume - kwegore rechishanu. Asi chete pazera remakore manomwe shumba yakawana mane uye inogona kudzivirira mahara. Dhiyabhorosi shumba (mufananidzo wake uri pano) yakakura kudarika musikana wake akanaka: 300 kilogram yehupenyu hunorema 90 kg yekadzi.

Mhuka idzi dzakanyanyisa kukura mupfungwa. Ivo vakangwara, vasingabvi, vakagadzirirwa zvakakwana uye vakakodzera kudzidziswa. Izvi, pamwe nehutano husingaperi uye nenyasha, vanoita kuti vatevedzeri vekugara vari mumvura uye madhaphinariums. Saka, vazhinji vedu kubva paucheche tinoziva kuti shumba yegungwa inoita sei. Uye mumamiriro ezvinhu ehupenyu husina hupenyu, mapoka ezviratidzo izvi anopukunyuka kubva kune vavengi vavo chaivo - shark uye mhondi inouraya - nokugara pedyo nevanhu, kugadzirisa mapurisa, mahara uye kunyange mabhuzi ekufamba.