Hillary Hill, gomo reGomo reEverest: tsanangudzo uye nhoroondo

Chii chinonzi Hillary Step, munhu wese anofambisa makomo anorota kukunda Everest anoziva. Vamwe vanoti iyi inzvimbo inotyisa, yakazara nemitumbi yevanhu vakakundikana kukunda ve "Peak of the World". Vamwe-kuti hapana chisi chakakosha uye chinokuvadza hachirevi. MuAlps, somuenzaniso, kunewo masvingo akaoma. Uye kana mamiriro okunze achipa, uye mune oxygen yakawanda mumakona, saka zviri nyore kukunda kutsika kweHillary kune yakakwirira yakagadziriswa. Sherpas anoita izvi kakawanda munguva. Vanowedzerawo tambo, izvo zvino zvinonamatira kune vanosimudza uye vatengesi vemabhizimisi. Asi nyaya ino haifaniri kupindura mubvunzo iwoyo kana zviri nyore kana zvakaoma kukunda Hillary danho. Tichakutaurira kuti chii. Uye kubva pane izvi ruzivo uye mapikicha unogona kuita maonero ekuoma kunzwisisa kwerwendo.

Everest

Pakati pezana remakore rechigumi nemapfumbamwe, british British geodetic yakasarudza nzvimbo yakakwirira yeHimalayas nekubatsira kwezviridzwa. Yakanga iri pamuganhu weTibet neNepal Peak 15. Musangano wepamusoro wemamita 8 848 pamusoro pepamusoro pegungwa wakatumidzwa mukukudza mutungamiriri webasa, geodesist George Everest. VaBrithani vakanga vasingazivi kuti gomo rave rine zita. Nepalese akamutumidza kuti Amai vamwari - Sagarmatha. Uye vaTibetan vakadana gomo reJomolungma. Kwavari, chiwenga chinopenya chaifananidzirira Amai Amai eupenyu. Iyi ndima yaionekwa seyetsvene. Muna 1920 chete, mutungamiri weTibetan mumudzimu Dalai Lama akabvumira vanhu veEurope kuedza kumurova. Zvisinei, Jomolungma akaendesa kune yegumi neimwe yekufamba, yakauya kuHillary's Hill paGomo reEverest. Inotumidzwa nemumwe wemitezo yayo, uyo, pamwe chete naSherp Tenzing Norgay, akatanga kukwira ku "Top of the World".

Chii chinonzi Hillary Step?

Kukwira kuGomo reEverest hakuratidzi hukuru hwehutano hwakaoma. Panzira, hapana mazhenje anotenderera, apo muchengeti akadzidziswa chete anogona kukwira. Matambudziko akabatwa neEverest vanokunda, anosanganiswa chete nekureba kwakakwirira kwegomo. Kune mamita 8000 pamusoro pegungwa, izvo zvinonzi nzvimbo yekufa inotanga. Oxygen mune imwe nzvimbo isingazivikanwi yakanyanya kuduku kuitira kuchengetedza hupenyu. Kutonhora kwakadzika uye kukonzera kunokwira kune zvinhu zvakashata zvikuru nepfungwa dzevanhu, zvinoderedza zvisikwa zvishoma. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, danho rimwe nerimwe rakaoma. Uye pano, pedyo nehurukuro yakakosha, pahupamhi mamita 8 790, Hillary Hill - rwonzi rwakatenderera rwuri nechando uye rakanamirwa chando - rinokura. Hapana nzira yakapoteredza. Pamativi ose maviri akakomberedzwa nematombo makuru. Icho chinoramba chiri chinhu chimwe chete kukwira pedyo nechokuita chetatu chemagetsi.

Kukwidza Hillary kuenda kuEverest

Kudzingwa kwegore ra1933, rechigumi nerimwe mumutsara, chaiva nevanhu vanopfuura mazana mana. Chikamu cheshumba chakanga chakaumbwa nevatakuri nevatungamiri - Sherpas. Vanhu ava vakagara kwenguva refu kumusoro. Nokuda kwekugadzirisa, sherpas ine chiedza chakajeka uye mwoyo yakasimba, uyewo kushamisika kunogadziriswa kwechando. Rwendo rwacho rwakafamba zvishoma. Kusimudza nekugadzirisa kwakatora mwedzi miviri. Boka racho rakadzika pamakiromita 7 900. Vokutanga kuti vatambudze hurukuro vakaenda vaviri vechiBritain vachipfuura Ch. Evans naT. Bordillon. Asi nokuti vaine matambudziko nemasikisi masikisi, vaifanira kudzoka. Zuva rakatevera, musi waMay 29, New Zealander Edmund Hillary naSherp Tenzing Noguei vakaenda kundoedza rombo ravo. Pashure pechigaro chekumaodzanyemba chakanga chakavharwa nehope huru. Hillary akasunga tambo ndokutanga kukwira pedyo nematope. Saka akazosvika kumahombekombe echando. Nokukurumidza, pamwe netambo, Norgay akakwira kwaari. Zvichipfuva zvezvikwata zviviri zvevarwi vakakwira kusvika pa11: 00 mangwanani.

Kukwidza kunetseka kunosangana neHillary danho

Vokunda vekutanga veEverest vakazadzisa vavariro yavo masikati masikati, saka saka vakakwanisa kusiya "nzvimbo yekufa" zuva risati rasvika. Ichi chinhu chakakosha zvikuru. Nokuti kupedza husiku huri pamusoro pemamita zviuru masere pamusoro pegungwa kunoreva kufa kwechokwadi. Iye zvino kukunda kweJomolungma kunoiswa mune zvekutengeserana. Vakawanda vezvifumi uye vanoshingaira vekushanyirwa kwezviyero zvakasiyana-siyana zvekugadzirira vanotumirwa kuGomo reEverest. Asi ivo, uye vanonyanya kufarira vanoita zvakafanana zuva nezuva. Simuka murima, kufamba-mhanya, kufukura pamusoro peNyika Yenyika kwemaminitsi gumi nemaminetsi gumi nemashanu uye nekukurumidza kubuda mumusasa. Asi Gomo reHillary - mutsetse wakanyanyisa zvikuru kuti vanhu vaviri varasikirwa. Somugumisiro, mitsetse yekudzivirira inowanzosikwa yakakomberedza, uye kunyange kurwa kunomuka. Mushure mezvose, vatashambadzi vezvokutengeserana vakabhadhara mazana emadhora emadhora ekukwira Gomo reEverest havadi kuuya nemafungiro ekuti vanoda kudzokera shure nokuti nguva inotevera. Vamwe vanorega mazano, enda kumusoro uye kuparara munzira.

Zvirongwa zvevashanyi vemabhizimisi

Pane mazano akawanda pamusoro pekuita kuti Everest isvike. Matanho aHillary haakwanise kutora vakawanda vakarwa. Iyo haichazoiti sechipingamupinyi chisingakundiki. Mukutanga kwaApril, timu yeSherpa inosvika pane imwe nzvimbo yakamira, inogadzirisa zvivakwa zvayo, uye inoenda kumusoro. Ikoko vanhu vane ushingi vakaturika tambo pamatanho eHillary, pamusoro pezviuru zvevanhu veEurope neAmerica vachamuka munguva ino. Ava vatashanyi vafumi vachamuteverwa naSherpas nemabhodhoro uye mabhodhoro eoksijeni. Ndokusaka pfungwa yekuvaka paEverest ... elevator inonyatsokurukurwa. Zvechokwadi, musoro wegomo uchafanirwa kuiswa mune dome, iyo ichaputirwa nemhepo, kufanana nengoro ye ndege. Asi kunyange kana iwe ukashandura pfungwa iyi yakashinga muzvokwadi, zvakadaro zviuru zvevanhu zvichamhanya nematope emakomo, kumhanyira kune chando chechando.

Sherpas Plan

Vadzidzisi, avowo vasingadi kurasikirwa nemari yavo, vakapa pfungwa isina mari kudarika kukwira kuEverest. Iyo inosanganisira pakagadzika matanho akaverengeka akamira pedyo neHillary danho. Urongwa urwu harwutarisiri rwechokwadi. Sherpas uye saka dzigadzirire zvivako mumusasa wekasi pane imwe nzvimbo yakakwirira mamita 5300. Vanoisa masitepisi esimbi kuburikidza neKhumbu glacier mukusimudzira nguva dzose uye vanogadzirira nzira kuenda kuSilence Valley (6500 m). Pakutanga, vakanamatira tambo mbiri mumucheto wakamanikana wepakati. Iye zvino vanopa kuisa masitepisi esimbi akareba paHillary Steps. Everest kuvonga kwavo kuchava nyore kupfurikidza, nokuti dombo iri harina mitsetse.