"Grad" mamiriro - denga hasha

vakawanda kanda chitundumuseremusere hurongwa "Grad" anozivikanwa kunyange kune vaya vane zvombo uye midziyo rechiuto haafariri. Ndiyo rakananga mugari wenhaka kubwinya nevarwi kunozivikanwa "Katyusha", iro vaiva kwezvapupu itsva nguva kukura atirari mugadziriro, rinosanganisa zvese chinokosha kuita unhu yokusafa kwaizotevera zvizvarwa MLRS: diki saizi, mukuru mufambo, kushamiswa uye kukwanisa kuroora volley kutsikwa akawanda vanonangwa pamusoro munzvimbo huru kwazvo .

Kubva pakutanga chaipo salvo "Katyusha", umo nyika pachayo akamuka pamakumbo ayo hadzi, uye yechiFascist mapoka kuuya mumamiriro kutya, uye kusvikira nhasi epamba chitundumuseremusere launchers ndiyo yakanakisisa munyika. The Hurongwa "Grad", akapinda basa ikozvino kure 1963, kwakatsiva "Katyusha" uye akava inokosha mhando chombo zvombo Soviet Army. Kwemakore akawanda, ichi reactive maitiro haazivi kuenzana pakati zvakafanana mhando wokumwe chombo chinoita zvokukandwa.

Chakaita "Grad", kukura kwakanga aifarirwa rinokosha rinoratidza kwehurumende muna 1960, aiva yepakutanga design zvakavakirwa vangasimudzira itsva, hatina kumbobvira kushandiswa ouinjiniya mhinduro. KUKUDZIRIDZA MRL avimbiswa NII-47, inotungamirwa matarenda chombo mugadziri AN Gognichevym. "Grad" mamiriro akanga akagadzirirwa kutsiva munhu zvisingachashandi chombo hurongwa BM-14.

Sezvo zvombo zvaishandiswa hwokugadza 122-mm projectiles mukuru-putika mhando M-21-PF. The Hurongwa "Grad" akaitirwa kudzvinyirira nzvimbo wevasungwa wamapoka muvengi uye warrior motokari, atirari uye dhaka mabhatiri, logistics zviyero, BUNKER kuzvidzivirira, uye nodal pfungwa rutsigiro. Ndiko, kukura kwebasa zvivako izvi kwave zvakasiyana chaizvo. Kudikanwa kusika akadaro anobudirira mhando zvombo panguva zvinosiyana ari kusununguka nebope pakati ezvematongerwe enyika uye matambudziko "hondo chando."

The Hurongwa "Grad" rine launcher akatasva mujinga rori Ural-375, moto kudzora mashandiro uye motokari inokosha kutakura zvombo uye kuchaja. Tevera okunatsiridza sezvo Coil akashandisa rori mukuru muchinjikwa Ural-4320. Speed kufamba pamusoro zvombo izvi zviri 90 km / h, iyo inopa zvikuru yakakwirira famba uye maneuverability.

The ano hurongwa "Grad" riri vakashongedzerwa ane otomatiki rukungiso chaiyo "musha" kunzwisisa. It moto unguided 122-mm projectiles. Nokuti mashoko ari nzvimbo chezvinangwa uye mhando kubudiswa yekombiyuta, inova chikamu chinokosha yose bhatiri. By staffing installation kunobereka volley mumasekonzi makumi maviri, uye cooldown ndiyo nomwe chete kwemaminitsi. Kuzviisa pasi kuti zvombo rinoitwa kubva kuchaja pachikuva aikosha zvakagadzirwa. Staff zvombo chete bhatiri ine volleys matatu. Izvi zvikuru yakakwana kuparadza zvachose chero chinangwa.

Warhead MRL "Grad" vane chinangwa - uye kutungamirirwa kutanga warheads inoumbwa mana tubular gwaro urefu 3 M uye Upfu dzikapupurira dhayamita yakaenzana 122,4 mm .. Horizontal uye mira aiming kuti projectile akaita simba yemagetsi nemotokari dzinokosha.

Systems "Grad" vakaratidza muhondo Afghan mune iri Karabakh kurwisana uye vaviri Chechen danidziro. Ichi chombo kwava kukuru yakakurumbira zvinenge zvose Arab uye African nyika umo hondo kazhinji kuva vane usimbe uye zvachose hunhu.