Gas dzokubudisa. Nzira gasi. Gas Kugadzirwa muRussia

Negasi chakaumbwa nokusanganisa ari magasi akasiyana-siyana ari pasi goko. Kazhinji, kudzika anoda kubva akawanda zana metres kuti vaviri makiromita. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti gasi inogona kuumbwa panguva dzakakwirira tembiricha nemiedzo. Panyaya iyi, wekuenda reokisijeni kuti nzvimbo haisi kuwanikwa. To musi, gasi kugadzirwa chaitwa nenzira dzakawanda, mumwe nomumwe wavo ichakurukurwa munyaya ino. Asi ngatirege zvose kuitira.

tsananguro

Zvinofanira kunzwisiswa kuti negasi kubudikidza vanenge 98% anoumbwa methane. Uyezve, ayo akafanana zvingasanganisira ethane, propane, butane, uye vamwe. Panewo izwi "unconventional gasi". Rinoratidza negasi, iyo kazhinji anogadzirwa kubva argillaceous matombo. It nhema yakadzika pasi pevhu mune marasha vazvo, sandstone nezvimwe geofence pasi zvikuru yakakwirira kumanikidzwa. Pari, mugove unconventional gasi zvishoma zvishoma pane hafu, uye 2030 zvinonzi vakaronga kuwedzera nhamba iyi 56%. Pari, vanenge vose gasi kugadzirwa kunyika vane rigs. Asi vakawanda vavo, vanenge 40%, ndezvaiye kuUnited States. Mushure zvose, ndicho hurumende akatengesa guru yakawanda negasi rimwe gore. Ngatimbotaura muudzame panyaya uye kubata mibvunzo yedu.

Extraction negasi munyika

Kwemazana akawanda emakore, vanhu vakatsvaka nzira kuvandudza dzokubudisa kuti zvicherwa nezviwanikwa, izvo zvakajairika pfungwa. Human zvavanoda kukura ose zuva, uye pane chikonzero chitsva kugadzirwa michina. To musi, zvakadai zvicherwa sezvo negasi, anogadzirwa pose kubva kuminda mafuta uye gasi, uyewo chinogona kuwanikwa zvazvichanyungudutswa mafuta kana mvura. Kana isu kutaura zvakananga pamusoro Russia, munyika yedu zviri zvikaramba muura Pasi. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti gasi racho wakachena chimiro haana ruvara kana kwakanaka. To nokukurumidza asarudze gasi leakage, izvozvo akawedzera odorants, vane unopinza zvakanaka. Izvi zvinoderedza vanourayiswa iri vemo somugumisiro gasi leakage. Chokwadi, gasi kugadzirwa wenyika inosanganisira kushandiswa yakachengeteka zvokushandisa, nekuti chero rakavhurika murazvo kungaita kuti vakawanda vanobatwa patsime nzvimbo.

hydrated gasi kuwanda

Kwete kare, kwakati kwatemwa kuti gasi anogona kuvigwa yakasimba mamiriro. Kana masayendisiti asati aiziva chete emura uye gaseous mamiriro, zviri pari anozivikanwa pamusoro yakasimba deposits, idzo zvakare zvikuru nokuda indasitiri. Panopera zuva, vachiwedzera hurukuro pamusoro kuti pazasi penyanza varipo guru kuwanda girinihausi magasi, izvo mune muchimiro hydrates. Hydrates havasati vawana navanopinda chikumbiro, asi ari kare kushandiswa mvura desalination, uyezve, zvinonzi akaronga kushandisa dura kwakadaro kuchengeta gasi. Kutaura zvazviri, gasi runobereka nzvimbo anogona kuwedzera zvishoma, sezvo pane hydrates, pangava nezvimwe zvicherwa deposits. Zvino handei mberi uye kutarisa chimwe zvinonakidza.

Deposits zviri negasi

Pane uchapupu hunoratidza kuti pane chihombe negasi deposits ari sedimentary goko kuti goko paNyika. Ipapo biogenic pfungwa, iyo inotaura kuti gasi zvechokwadi mafuta achiumbwa kubudikidza manyowa refu-zvipenyu nokupesvedzera dzakakwirira tembiricha nemiedzo. Uyezve, tembiricha kuzvidzora rinowanzova zvishoma yepamusoro, saizvozvo sezvo kumanikidzwa pane muminda mafuta. Izvi imhaka yokuti gasi riri pazasi mafuta. Kusvika panguva deposits kupfuura akadzadzwa Russia. Kazhinji, mumatanda ose chicherwa zvinhu zvingava zvakakwana kwemakore akawanda. Gas Kugadzirwa muRussia hwakatogadzwa mune zvinenge zvose nzvimbo. Maererano Bazi Natural Resources of Russian Federation Maererano zvachose vhoriyamu vanofungidzirwa pana 48,8 trln.m ^3.

Negasi reserves nenyika

Panguva ino, tinogona kutaura kuti maererano pamutemo data, nyika 101 vane kwavo munharaunda reserves zvicherwa. In rokupedzisira nzvimbo Benin - 0, 0011 trln.m ^3, uye pakutanga Russia - 47.800 trln.m ^3. Asi nhamba ichi kwakapiwa deginamajai, saka Chokwadi Data dzingasiyana zvishoma. Imwe nyika ine hariperi reserves - Iran. Uyezve, nyika iri Persian Gulf, dzakadai seUnited States neCanada, unogonawo kuzvirumbidza vapfumi minda negasi. Kana yataura nyika muEurope, ipapo pakutanga kunzvimbo dziri Norway uye Netherlands. Uyewo kucherechedza kuti nyika, kamwe chikamu USSR, akadai Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, zvakare, vane yakawanda negasi. Sezvatotaurwa zvishoma yepamusoro yechipiri yezana remakore rechi20 pazvakawanikwa gasi hydrates. Nhasi tinoziva kuti deposits dzavo rakakura. Uye mumatanda vane yakadzika, uye pasi penyanza paburiro.

nzira gasi

Iye zvino, deposits chiri panzvimbo dzakadzika 1-3 makiromita. Mumwe zvakadzamisisa matsime pedyo neguta Novy Urengoy, iye anoenda pevhu nokuda 6 makiromita. Makadzika zviri pores pasi kumusoro kumanikidzwa. Zvishoma nezvishoma iye achipinda pores nezvishoma kumanikidzwa uye saka kusvikira zvino, kusvikira wawana zvakananga kupinda zvakanaka.

Nzira huru inoshandiswa - ndiko Drilling. Kazhinji dhipoziti nzvimbo iri pane matsime shoma. Uye vari kuedza vanochera zvakaenzana kune dura kufurirwa anenge zvakafanana kuparadzirwa pasi mumatsime akawanda. Kana tsime chete, zvino zvingangoita wake rokusamhanyira mafashamo. To musi, zvokuti hapana zvimwe nzira gasi. Zvikuru nokuti kuti kukodzera kugadzira chinhu chitsva, kunyanya kana unyanzvi zvikuru kuoma. Kunenge kuti munguva pfupi iri kutevera chinhu ichatsiva tsime.

Preparation negasi pakufamba

Pashure dzinongoitika Zvisaririra akagamuchira Houses to Rent kubva pasi, zvakakodzera kununura kusvika user. Izvi zvingava makemikari chirimwa, simba zvinomera uye mamwe gasi Network. gadziriro yake chokufambisa nokuti mukuwedzera anodikamwa zvinoriumba imomo uye dzimwe netsvina, izvo kudzivisa zvimwe zvayo kushandiswa uye ichifamba mikuru. Zvakakosha kubvisa mvura mhute kuti -wedzera muna arteries uye kuchidzivisa kufamba. Unofanirawo kubvisa uye rehydrogen sulfide, inova nengozi kuti gasi zvokushandisa (kungatikanganisa). Nokuti kugadzirira zvirongwa siyana anogona kushandiswa. Chinonyanya dzakakodzera ndiye uko mvura kurapwa chirimwa iri munguva pfupi munharaunda dhipoziti. Zvadaro nokuomesa uye kuchenesa. Kana mukuru zviri rehydrogen sulphide kana nehelium, Zvisaririra rwunotumirwa gasi emhodzi. Pfungwa, gasi kugadzirwa mu Russia iri yemanyorero chinozoiswa kuburikidza zvinomera, sezvo nokunaka yepakutanga chigadzirwa haisi nguva dzose kuti ndima.

gasi kutakura

Pari yenzira huru pakufamba chinhu rukoronga. Nenyere dhayamita anogona kusvika 1.4 m, uye hurongwa kumanikidzwa 75 atmospheres. Zvisinei, mune nzira mberi kuburikidza Mapaipi kufurirwa akarasika, uye chigadzirwa iri neshungu. Nokuti ichi chikonzero nyore, pane zvimwe zvikamu kuvaka compressor zvechitima. Pane ichiwedzerwa gasi kumanikidzwa kuti 55-120 ATM, uye haachandidi. Pasinei chokwadi kuti kugadzira gasi mutsetse zvinodhura chaizvo nhasi - ndiyo nzira kugoverwa zviwanikwa zviri svikiro uye pfupi marefu kwazvo dzakakodzera. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, gasi vatakuri, vanowanzoororwa uyewo vachinzi kwematangi. Gas iri rinokosha midziyo vari liquefied mamiriro. apo akatakura tembiricha kuti ave kuwanda 150-160 Celsius. Nzira iyi ine yakawanda zvinobatsira, zvakadai kuchengeteka liquefied gasi.

mhedziso

Nyaya iyi zvishoma mabikirwo gasi kugadzirwa yakanga aongororwe. Pfungwa, tsime ndiye nzira zvikuru nevanhu. Dzimwe nzira, kana chinozoiswa, havana kuwana chikumbiro nezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana. Kana gasi zvoupenyu chikumbiro, pakutanga - ndiye mafuta. The mafuta akashandiswa kuti musha kudziyisa uye mvura kudziyisa, kubika, etc. Nokuda yakakwirira simba mitengo - ndeimwe yakachipa pashiri nzira kudziyisa. Used gasi uye huni imotokari, simba zvinomera boilers. Chemical miti kurishandisa nokuita mapurasitiki nezvimwe Organic zvinhu. Zvakanaka kuti zvose nezvenyaya iyi. Yeuka kuti pakugadzirisa emunhu gasi kunogona kuurayisa.