Face Arch - King-bhuku Russian History

2010 nokuti nyanzvi kudzidza Rus yekare, uye mafeni kare aizivikanwa chiitiko chinokosha zvikuru: repaIndaneti rakazaruka kuwana takaisa chiso enhoroondo Ivana Groznogo (dzakakurumbira vachinzi ayo mambo-bhuku). We atarise nayo ndokuiswa yose richikurukura vamiririri Society of Ancient Literature.

Chii zvinorevei chiitiko ichi?

Uchabvuma kuti chinhu chinokosha mubasa ose wenhoroondo - ndiyo chikuru zvinyorwa: kunyora, mifananidzo, mapurani, zvemumba nezvimwe zvicherwa zvakawanwa. Zvinosuruvarisa munguva yedu, vanotsvakurudza kwete vakawanda vari kutendeukira nayo apfuura pavo. Kazhinji vanodzidza uye kumbotipa basa dzimwe dzekare, uye vaya rechitatu uye zvichingodaro. Somugumisiro, kana ukatanga kunzwisisa, vakawanda nyanzvi haana kushandisa yepakutanga zvinyorwa, uye zvose mabasa ake akasikwa pachishandiswa rwakaipa uye mafungiro. Zvakaratidza kuti mabasa aya ingafananidzwa kopi kopi zvakaipa "blockbuster." Kana iwe kuzarura uye kuverenga zvakanyorwa gwaro rekare uye enzanisa mashoko nepfungwa yokuti dzekare ano kunyora, kazhinji kuti kuwanikwa zvimwe zvikanganiso kwete chete, asi dzimwe nguva chose pakatarisana chokwadi. Ndizvozvo, uye izvi zvinoitika nguva dzose.

zvinoratidza Ancient Russia

Zvinosuruvarisa kusvikira nhasi havasi vazhinji nderechokwadi yepakutanga manyuko, sezvo kuti zvinodikamwa. Kana tikafunga mapurani pazvivako, vakasiya vakasvimha, uye kunze, vakawanda vavo vari 18-19 emakore, nekuti muRussia inokosha chivakwa zvinhu - dondo, uye kugara hondo uye moto havasi akaponesa zvivako zvakadaro. Kana ukatora zvinhu zvezuva nezuva uye zvishongo saka hazvisi zvose zvokuti nyore: kuti zvaigoneka kuponesa - zvose zvinhu zvaishandiswa ose 15-19 emakore. Izviwo, zvinonzwisisika, nokuti simbi dzinokosha uye matombo vagara nangananga-siyana mafeni vawane uye dema archeologists. Anenge zvose mumakuva yekare (pazvikomo, etc.) iri munharaunda yedu vakanga dzichapambwa mumazuva Catherine Guru.

tsika dzevatungamiriri

Chinonyanya rakazara nhoroondo ruzivo nezvenhoroondo yenyika yedu ikagara kuyeuka vanhu - zviri yezvechitendero, ngano, rengano, epics, etc. Zvisinei, masayendisiti categorically akaramba mukana nokufunga yemabviro sezvo mashoko, dzinenge maererano chokwadi kuti nokuda vamwe vaimbova .. Russia, kunyange akagadzirira zvakazara kugamuchira ngano, uti, Air kana British dzavanhu. Asi yedu rengano uye ngano akachengetedzwa zhinji dzinonakidza chokwadi, mumwe dudziro iyo zvinoratidza chimwe chezvinhu mukurumbira ano dzidziso (A. Sklyarov "rinogarwa Island Nyika"). Somuenzaniso, isu tose kuziva ichi chinoshamisa utsva, sezvinoita mashiripiti womuapuro cakes on the kune zvinodiwa, izvo zvinogona kuona yose - pane hazvisi "iPhone" varo Logo - muchero akarumwa? A kubhururuka pamakapeti, uye-sungano nomwe majombo? Hongu ndiani anoziva mumwe ...

Zvisinei, isu vanotsauswa chaizvo, inguva kudzokera huru nyaya ino, izvo, tikayeuka kuti Personal rakatenderera chevaux Ivan (iv) Anotyisa.

matura

Vanonyanya kupa dzakanyorwa Ancient Russia - mukurumbira. Kubvira muzana remakore rechi19 vakatanga kubudisa Complete Collection raMakoronike Russian. Munhu wose aigona tinyatsoziva akadhindwa bhuku, tapota nyorerai raibhurari. Asi ikozvino basa riri kuitwa mukati yechinangwa chirongwa "Mapepa Monuments of Ancient Russia" kwaro digitization, uye nokukurumidza uye Takatarisana Ivana Groznogo, achaiswa neawakatumirwa paIndaneti kuti ruzhinji kushandiswa. Early Danho vatsvakurudzi vanofanira kuziva kuti mune zvekare mashoko hakusi chete chinyorwa, asiwo mifananidzo. Iri magwaro kunoenzanisirwa. Chief pakati zviito izvi uye uso Arch. Inoitwa machira zviuru gumi uye gumi zviuru mifananidzo.

chako Chronicle

Gwaro iri ndiro rakakura Annalistic-anotevedzana iine Russia yekare. It akasikwa kuti namambo ari Alexander kugarwa munguva kubvira 1568 kusvika makore 1576. Front rakatenderera rine pfupiso yenhoroondo yenyika kubva Kusika rechi15 Russian nhoroondo remakore, 16 kusvika 67 remakore. Amosov A. A. yakafungidzira kuti ichi kwebhokisi yekare ine mavhoriyamu gumi muna 9745 uwandu machira izvo yakashongedzwa mavara Thumbnail 17.744. Vanyori venhau zvakarurama tenda kuti Mambo-bhuku raiva uye regumi vhoriyamu. Zvino ndiye arasika, uye ichi zvinonzwisisika, nokuti vaibata zvikuru nharo nguva nhoroondo Russian - kusvikira 1114.

Front rakatenderera: kugutsikana

In Mavhoriyamu okutanga matatu ane magwaro mabhuku yebhaibheri, dzakadai Pentateuch, Bhuku raVatongi, Joshua, Samueri, uye bhuku raRute, Esther, Daniel. Uyewo, ivo ndivo magwaro azere Alexandria, nyaya mbiri Trojan War ( "The Story Zvisikwa uye poplenenii Troy" zvikaramba kubva "Chronograph Russian" uye "History of kuparadzwa Troy" - shanduro Guido Romano of Columna) uye basa Iosifa Flaviya ' History muhondo vechiJudha. " For zvakazoitika nyika dzave sezvo mabhuku basa mashoko "sahwira Illinsky uye Roman" uye "Chrono Russian."

History of Russia Face rinorondedzera kutaridza 4-10 mavhoriyamu, kunyanya akashanda seinokonzera Nikon Chronicle. Maererano nevaongorori (semuenzaniso, Kloss BM), kutanga 1152 zviitiko gwaro uye kune mamwe matsime akadai kutaridza Novgorod (1539), mumwe enhoroondo Yorumuko, "sahwira yamavambo oumambo" uye vamwe.

yekare fora

King-bhuku (zvisinei hweizvi, asingatadzi) ane nhamba dze zvigadziriso, runoonekwa, kuti ivo vakaitwa munenge muna 1575 varayirwa chevaux Ivan anotyisa. Processing of rapera rwezuva kwakaitwa vainyanya nguva kubva 1533 kusvika makore 1568. Unknown yokunyoresa mupepeti yakaitwa mumucheto, zvimwe yaiva mhosva vanhu akasungwa ndokuurayiwa panguva oprichnina.

Zvinosuruvarisa, basa riri pamberi chematenga haana apedza: mamwe miniatures dzinoitwa chete ingi gadzira, pendi vavo vasina nguva.

zvakawanikwa

Pamberi Ivana Groznogo harisi chete shongwe mubhuku uri Russia, asi rinokosha zvikuru kunobva munhau: miniatures, pasinei gungano uye pachinzvimbo yokufananidzira hunhu, zvinopa mupfumi zvinhu yokutsvakurudza zvinoitika nguva. Uyezve, kudzidza wedzero kuchinja zvinoitwa kune wokupedzisira vhoriyamu ( "Regal Book"), kupa mukana kuti zvakadzama mashoko pamusoro enyika kutamburira posleoprichnogo nguva. Vanobvumira isu kuzotonga uye mambo achinja Zvinofungidzirwa basa vamwe neshamwari dzake. Uyewo pfungwa itsva nezviitiko pachavo mukutonga kwake.

In mhedziso

Kuburikidza mabasa Society of kare, uye ikozvino wose anogona tinyatsoziva ichi kwebhokisi inokosha. Pashure pezvose, pamberi, kuti kuwana gwaro iri, zvakanga zvakafanira kuti yakawanda nesimba, uye kuwana nayo chete masayendisiti-kare anogona. Asi nhasi zviri kuwanikwa wose. Zvose zvinodiwa - uchikwanisa kuenda pose padandemutande, uye iwe unogona kunyudza pachako munyika inonakidza munyika pakudzidza kwedu kare. Ona nameso ako, akarara pasi siyana zviitiko zvavo maonero pane kuverenga vakagadzirira inoratidza dzekare vangava kutombofunga rakavhurika kunobva.