Empire manyorerwe mavakirwo remakore rechi19 uye ano. Mienzaniso zvezvivako, mapikicha

In wokutanga kota nemipfumbamwe remakore kutsiva classicism kwakauya mirayiridzo chitsva unyanzvi uye mavakirwo - Empire. Mavakirwo akatanga kuonekwa kwake mamirire zvaari - a akakura massiveness wakaisvonaka decoration okunze. Empire Style yakatanga panguva yaitonga Napoleon. Kunyange zvazvo vamwe vanodavira ichi ndicho mirayiridzo unyanzvi uye mavakirwo yakamanikana uye zvishoma, ndicho Zvisinei, akavimba mifananidzo nhaka Greek archaism uye Imperial Rome, kukwevera simba uye ukuru pretentious asi akanaka zvinhu, asi nowakautangira - classicism - akanga pfungwa, kunyanya munyoro uye rinopindirana okunze.

Mabviro wokugadzira

Empire Style mu mapurani - munhu kwokukunda yokufeva, hombe pabiravira nembiru, huru uto zviratidzo - welaurel emimbure .. Nadzo, makondo, etc. vose zvinhu izvi hazvirevi kudzora manzwiro, asi, musi citizenship vanhu. Izvi ndizvo kunoratidzwa muna mutambo uye ukuru youshe omukati, akasika Fontaine uye Percier. Pashure danidziro Napoleon muIjipiti muna Empire manyorerwo mu mapurani vakatanga kusumwa undifferentiated ndege masvingo uye pylons, stylized sphinxes. Nokuti nguva ino, kuti maitiro chinhu ndechokuti muEgipita tsika pamwe Roman organically zvakakwana pasina kuenda kure mune dzimwe eclecticism. Historicism - chimwe chinosiyanisa Empire werudzii mapurani, iro rinosimbisa kubatana pamwe ukuru remadzimambo yekare.

Style dzidziso

Vanachandagwinyira Pfungwa wezwi rinongotaura kukura manyorerwo uye chaiva chikonzero kuti States zhinji hamuna kurigamuchira se "wokudzora" yava simba muchibereko kubudikidza Napoleon panguva yake kukunda. Somuenzaniso, muGermany neAustria kwakasimbiswa panguva kutungamirirwa "Biedermeier", pamwe achishandisa Empire motifs, asi anoshora pacharo naye. In England paiva "manyorero George IV», dzimwe nguva inonzi "British wavarindi."

Imperial Russian Style

The nyika chete umo Empire manyorerwo iri mapurani, uye kwete mairi chete, yakazokudziridzwa, paiva Russia. Izvi zvinotsanangurwa nokuti akakwanisa kutyora simba Napoleon, uye saka pano iye yawana pachake nevamwe zvinhu. Aiva manyoro uye zvakawanda pliable. Baba Empire manyorerwo muSt Petersburg mapurani ndiye Rossi - Russian-Italian mapurani, akakwanisa chechetere pasava noushamwari hwake uye Rigidity. Mumwe anozivikanwa mapurani mune mirayiridzo iyi Stasov. Maererano nenyanzvi, hunhu yayo vakasiyana aiva "Moscow Empire" sezvinoita kumaruwa Estates, rinonziwo guru classicism.

Okuguma Classical nguva

Zvinotisimbisa rakafuridzirwa nokuda ezvivako okusika vakava Art Ancient Greece ari zvekare munguva uye hweRoma mukupera kumwedzi, pamwe tsika Etruria, Egypt yekare nezvimwe dzomunyika. Plastic pfungwa Egyptian mapurani yekare, undifferentiated guru rusvingo hukawanika pamwe muhombe mbiru uye mbiru, ichipa Kujeka rose Vhoriyamu geometric zvakarurama, etc. - .. Izvi zvakasiyana umambo. Mavakirwo remakore rechi19 rava muenzaniso conciseness, monumentality uye zvakaoma mwero uye symmetry wemigove. Nguva iyi inonzi mhosva wokubwinya zvechiuto uye paakaenda ukuru, chinozoiswa kuburikidza dzakawanda zviratidzo uye zviratidzo.
In kushongedzwa omukati uye ulkomaalaustyöt zvezvivako, fenicha, uyewo mwenje uye nemidziyo inoshandiswa dzakawanda zviratidzo kubwinya zvechiuto uye zviratidzo akakweretwa kubva yekare yeRoma decoration nzira ari muchimiro mikombe uye laurels, mushamarari nemarunda uye makondo, mazhenje, uye kazhinji tichidzokorora tsamba N .

Kwakadaro zvekumwe yakarongedzwa chete akanatsiridzwa ari chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo mumhepo menyika. Mienzaniso Empire mapurani, maererano nenyanzvi, chinopenya zvikuru munguva zvakananga nokukwereta nedzimwe mhando uye siyana chinangwa munyika kare. Somuenzaniso, imwe zvakakodzera kuvakwa uye yakashongedzwa ne kwokukunda namaberere uye chirangaridzo shongwe.

Munzvimbo yokunatswa uye nokungwarira

Nokuuya kwoUmambo Ndimi zviri huru uye zvikuru wokuratidza. Muchiitiko chino, kutsiva yakanatswa subtleties sezvinoita Louis XVI kunouya kunyanya rationality pamwe zvokushamisira uye kunyange pathos. Mukuedza pamusoro bourgeoisie, richakunda uye kusiya "youmambo" mirayiridzo, kutevedzera upenyu, kana tsika yevaRoma vekare vaiva vazhinji chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo uye yokushamisira. Mune dzimwe nyika dzokuEurope dziri vakakwirira pamwe guru bourgeoisie, izvo classicism reFrance Louis XVI akanga achangobva semupi anoyemurika, akatanga kutevera pachena Imperial manyorerwo. Pashure pokuchinja kuParis zvakare kubva kunzvimbo dzakasiyana vakaungana vakawanda Artists uye ezvivako vakasarudza kushanda mumagadzirirwo itsva iyi. The Empire mapurani, mienzaniso izvo nezvivakwa havana kutarira somunhu "inounganidzwa" classicism, mukusiyana kune yapfuura nezvemaitiro vakanga zvakakwana siyana hunhu, iyo inosiya nemhaka mutemo pakagadzwa muzvikoro zveko. Zvisinei, izvi hazvina kumisa pashure imwe nguva kuzvarwa shanduro Russian zvidavado ichi.

Saint Petersburg

Izvi kuitika muna 1810-1830 biennium. akatanga kuonekwa ari makuru dzomumaguta ensembles. Mienzaniso Empire muSt Petersburg mapurani - zviri chinozivikanwa Kazan Cathedral uye ari Admiralty chivakwa, kuti Spaso-Preobrazhensky uye Troitsky machechi, Ostrovsky Square uye Arts. Above pavo vakashanda zvakadai ezvivako vakakurumbira kufanana K. I. Rossi uye A. Voronikhin, JB Thomas of Thomon uye A. D. Zaharov, V. P. Stasov nevamwe.

Externally, wokuRussia muUmambo mavakirwo, mienzaniso iyo zvivako chaizvoizvo vakapararira mhiri kuchamhembe guru, achirova zvikurukuru vachishandisa dzekare warandi-hurongwa, kwete chete Tuscan uye Doric. Zvichitevera Nguva Alexander classicism rinowanika chido chic, kubwinya uye monumentality, pamwe romurume. Empire werudzii mapurani, mapikicha zvezvivako inopupura pakuomerera symmetry uye mutambo, pamwe Kupfupika siyana ayo uye echiuto Chirevo kuwedzera.

Wokupedzisira "Chord" yeRussian Empire

Empire Style muna mapurani, mienzaniso zvivako iyo vakawanda muRussia anogona kuonekwa muSt Petersburg, zvakajeka inotaura mafungiro nguva. The apotheosis yeRussian mirayiridzo iri Cathedral iri Cathedral St. kwaIsaka. It rakavakwa muna 1858, akasika Montferrand. It rikunde nyore chimiro: mumwe kuutio ane sikweya, Triangle, humburumbira uye parabolic nzvimbo iyo, kuwedzera kune hombe ukuru, kereke akapa mamwe monumentality uye akasika pfungwa ane nemakore wavarindi inviolability. Munguva pakuvaka Cathedral of yepamusoro michina zvinogadzirisa aishandiswa panguva: yakasimba rakanyorwa igwa hwaro, zvakaitwa masonry, vakakanda-simbi mbabvu pamusoro domes, neshongwe girenayiti monoliths yose. Unoshamisa uye akapfuma yokunze chishongo ane mavara chakagadzirwa.

Sunset "Golden Age"

Saka, nenguva iyo Empire manyorerwo iri mavakirwo St. Petersburg, nenzwi pakuvaka vaviri zvikuru chikuru monument - kuvaka Kazan uye St. vaIsaka Cathedral, akapedza dariro kukura muguta, panguva akasikwa mabasa mazhinji kwakasanangurwa mapurani. Zvisinei, kana "Age Golden" wokuRussia mabhuku, kupenda uye nziyo yakanga ichangotanga, Russian mapurani yacho, yava pedyo.