Admiralty building, St. Petersburg: kare, tsananguro

Petersburg Admiralty kuvaka chimwe chezvinhu kucherechedzwa zviratidzo muguta. It yakavakwa paitonga Peter I uye kubva rakashandiswa senzvimbo nzvimbo namapuranga, shumiro nemamwe masangano.

The brainchild Petro I

The kukosha kuti Admiralty chivako anomirira guta, inoratidza chokwadi chokuti yakavakwa pakarepo pashure kuvambwa guru idzva. Peter ndakanga anobatanidzwa kukura zvirongwa vanodhirowa zviri shipyard zvaidiwa nezvivakwa uye kupaka motokari. Ose anodiwa regadziriro basa chakaitwa muna mishomanana, uye muna 1705 kwaiva kuvaka Admiralty rokutanga chairo.

Nokuti panguva iyoyo Russia akanga hondo pamwe Sweden (kusanganisira gungwa), zvivako zvose bhizimisi akanga akanyudzwa ne panharirire uye kuzvidzivirira bastions. Vakanga zvakafanira panyaya kukombwa Petersburg, kunyange vakanga kumboshandisa. The chikepe chokutanga, akaita zvachose Admiralty, kwakatangwa muna 1706.

Panguva iyo kwakaonekwa murayiro (ushumiri rinoenderana), basa rose Russian rengarava. Sezvo Petro I pakupedzisira akakwanisa kuziva kurota kwake ane guru idzva, izvo, uyezve, yakanga moyo waro shipbuilding.

Panguva iyoyo, mukuwedzera kune zvivako administrative, izvozvo chaimbova echoto, okudhindira uye slipways, izvo zvakasikwa dare idzva. Channel Admiralty rakaitirwa pamwe imba, iyo yakava chikamu rakabatana ezvinhu dzomumaguta makwara. Saka, nzvimbo iyi aivawo zvikuru chokufambisa nomusimboti.

Ngarava spire

chivakwa Yokutanga Admiralty yakavakwazve 1711, uye pashure pemakore masere, mukati makadirwa ayo yakakurumbira spire. At pamusoro wake chikepe papi nechipi, chinoitwa Dutch vanatenzi, inozivikanwa rudo kwake Navy. Zviri yavo ruzivo European, Peter akaedza kudzidzisa muguta hope dzavo.

On muchikepe pamusoro steeple vachiri inopinza kukakavadzana vatsvakurudzi uye nemakanzuru dzakaitika. Rakabatana Dzidziso yaro Ivan Kuchin mufananidzo ikoko. Pane vaviri yakakurumbira pfungwa maonero. Mumwe anoti chikepe womuenzaniso aiva chikepe chokutanga, vakatora yaro chengarava St. Petersburg. Kubva pakutanga, pakanga yainakidza kwazvo, uye zvakakunakira Wharf ava kumba zvikwata zvakawanda. Maererano neimwe pfungwa, muchikepe nhamba iyoyo vaitevedzera siluetti pamusoro frigate "Eagle". Yaiva warship yeRussian rengarava, yakavakwa kuti baba yaPetro, Alexei Mikhailovich rokutanga, mumakore 60 ari XVII remakore.

The spire of Admiralty pakugadzira kanoverengeka. Panguva idzi, chikepe zvakachinja. Panyaya iyi, pakutanga nhamba, kwakaitwa Dutch mumakore Peter I, akanga arasika. Spire pakarepo kufarira vanhu muguta. Kwavari razova chiratidzo St. Petersburg ndibatsireiwo. Ship Admiralty panzvimbo iyoyo unogona kubudirira kukwikwidzana yendarira webhiza, drawbridges uye Petro Paul Cathedral.

Muzana XVIII remakore

Mumakore akawanda ayo wenyama, Admiralty chivakwa muSt Petersburg, rakavakwazve kanoverengeka. Muna 1730-ies. mapurani Ivan Korobov akavaka mutsva chivakwa ibwe, yaitsiva sharuka dzimba. In chirongwa ichi munyori Peter hwakachengetedza yekare marongerwo, asi akashandura chimiro, achichipa akakura.

Kukosha zvakanaka France aiva mukuru nokuda Admiralty akanga ari mharadzano huru uye Neine Basa Chaizvo nomumigwagwa guru - the Nevsky Prospekt, Voznesensky Prospekt uye Gorokhovskaya dzemumaguta. Zvino vanonzi "tsono" - a gilded spire.

Kwemakumi emakore akatevera, vakuru veguta vari zvakanyatsorongwa vaite ennobling uye kugadzirisa munzvimbo yakabatana zvakaoma. Panguva dzemazororo, vakave chaanofarira pachena kuungana kuremara. Panoperera ushe Elizabeth akanga zvachose yakagadzirwa kumafuro kuti vakakomba chivakwa. Izvi musango muhwezva pakarepo akava akakurumbira pakati vagari uye vaenzi zvakafanana.

Anodiridza nzvimbo yakapoteredza Admiralty aiva nechepakati papuratifomu nokuda Navy zvemumusangano. The mugero vaimbova thoroughfare mukati maguta nguva tsinga. Apo Elizabeth akatanga kuita basa nguva dzose pamusoro okuchenesa.

Zakharov purojekiti

In pakati XVIII remakore yakanga yakavakwa pakati Winter Palace. Inopindirana wokugadzira, iyo gare gare akanga vakatumidza Elizabethan Baroque. The Palace ari pedyo chaizvo Admiralty. Dzavo achirova dissimilarity uye ndezvake zvakasiyana epochs nyore pachena. Saka, pakutanga pamusoro XIX remakore, vakuru veguta vafunga zvirongwa dzakawanda ndiwedzere uye kugadzirisa Admiralty chivakwa.

On basa mutobvu mapurani akasarudzwa Andreyan Zakharov. Akatanga basa muna 1806 uye akafa, uye vasina nguva kuona mwana wake. purojekiti ake mberi kwevadzidzi. Havana kwakachinja dzinokosha zvipikirwa uye anoronga Zakharov.

The France mutsva Admiralty

Maererano murongedzeri wacho pfungwa rakavakwazve anenge vose Admiralty. Kubva chivakwa ava yakaramba yakapfuura shongwe, iro anozorora pane gilded spire ine chikepe. Zvakange kwakaparadza yekare rusvingo vasara muguta sezvo Great Northern War. Zvino guta guru vakanakidzwa upenyu hune rugare, uye kudiwa ari bastions akanyangarika. On vasunungurwa nzvimbo akazviratidza nevakawanda pamwe vanogara St. Petersburg Boulevard. Zvino hoyu mudukusa akabvunza Alexander Garden.

Nguva yose France itsva yakanga 400 metres. All mapurani mhinduro Zakharov chinozoiswa nechinangwa chimwe chete - kusimbisa inokosha kukosha Admiralty chivakwa muchimiro guru. St. Petersburg uye ipapo, uye ikozvino zvakaoma kufungidzira pasina yakakurumbira France ari administrative kunzwisisa.

chivakwa decorating

Kudzorerwa mabasa XIX remakore vakawedzera Ensemble of Main Admiralty zvivezwa itsva dzakawanda kuti mukwanisi vapfumi mufananidzo chivakwa. Decorative reliefs, akasikwa kubudikidza vatenzi Russian, anofananidzwa nyaya dzekare uye mumadimikira, uyewo nhoroondo Russian rengarava. izvi zvose anosimbisa paakaenda mamiriro sesimba guru mugungwa, ane zvikepe rire makungwa zvenyika.

Mugore kuvakwa (1823) yakagadzirwa ne Zakharov kunzwisisa akamuka yayo akasiyana menyika. Most chacho rakachengetedzwa kusvikira nhasi, uye nhasi kwetsika ukoshi hukuru. Zvinokosha zviri Admiralty dzimba avo nevamwe nehasha pamwe chiedza mupfumi, inopenya, nokusika inoshamisa mhepo.

nhare rengarava

Interesting nyaya Admiralty inosanganisira yakasiyana nguva kushandiswa. Pakutanga, maererano Zvinorairwa Peter, Naval bhodhi raiva muimba, uye gare gare - ushumiri Navy.

Panewo kudzimbahwe, ane nhengo vaiva kupfuura vanoda admirals Empire. Mamasvingo izvi, sarudzo dzakaitwa pamusoro avaida anokosha rutsigiro rwemauto munhoroondo yacho Romanovs. Strategy akaberekwa uye chikwata panguva Admiralty, yaishandiswa panguva wengarava akavhiyiwa muna Crimean Hondo uye Hondo Yenyika II.

Naval Museum

Vanhuwo zvavo kuwana chete vamwe Corps chihombe kunzwisisa. Zvikurukuru sezvo pakuonekwa Admiralty mairi akawana Naval Museum. Paiva kuchengeta zvivako kukosha pakati Petrine yaitonga. Somuenzaniso, zvakanga chikepe yokutevedzera, vanodhirowa uye pachake tsamba yokutanga pamambo, maererano pokugadzwa kuBaltic Fleet.

Kusvikira muna 1939, izvi akapfuma miziyamu maiva ne Admiralty chivakwa. Mapurani Zakharov akawedzera nzvimbo nokuda kwokuratidzwa kuti rudzi ose zvose vakakura uye ndokukura. Mune Stalin yaitonga, kuti miziyamu ndanogara pakuvaka yaimbova St. Petersburg Stock Exchange pamusoro museve Vasilevsky Island.

Kana wokupedzisira Romanovs

Construction motokari iri mundima Admiralty dzakaguma 1844. All midziyo akakurudzirwa Novoadmiralteyskuyu shipyard. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, hapana chikonzero chiri migero dzakapoteredza zvakaoma. Vakakotsira. Saka panguva ino paiva Horseguards Boulevard.

Muna 1863 kubudikidza nomurayiro naMambo Alexander II, chechi diki mukati zvakaoma pamusoro Admiralty akagamuchira mamiriro Cathedral Mutsvene Saint Spyridon. Ipapo bhero shongwe rakadzikwa. kuchinja izvi zvinofanira kuratidzei nechitarisiko chivako chihombe. Church Orthodox haana kufanana reliefs kuratidza vanamwari vechihedheni - vevatambi yekare rengano nyaya.

Vamwe nguva pakati vafundisi uye Naval Muushumiri aiva pedyo makwikwi. Pakupedzisira, Alexander II akabvuma kuenda kuchechi basa. Chivako yave kunyimwa zvivezwa anoverengeka uye mamwe unyanzvi zvinhu. Kuparadzwa Zvivako yakaitika pasinei simba kwevakanga ezvivako uye vemifananidzo pamusoro Petersburg.

Muna 1869, ivo Admiralty Tower yakawanikwa yayo raundi asunungurwa Europe. Akaturika kwemakore makumi mana, mushure raakanga chikatsiviwa idzva yemagetsi analoginen paitonga Nicholas II. Admiralty Kazhinji nzvimbo basa nhengo Romanov youmambo, sezvo dzimwe hama amadzimambo vakagamuchira soro panhengo iri Navy. Somuenzaniso, Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolaevich aitarisira ose Naval Ushumiri munguva kubvira 1855 kusvika 1881.

modernity

Mushure October Revolution, hurumende Bolshevik akaisa muna Naval School chivakwa. Nokukurumidza vakagamuchira zita Feliksa Dzerzhinskogo. Restaurant uyewo kugadzirira mainjiniya. Panyaya iyi, mumakore 30 ari Admiralty zvakanga sokuronga zvakakosha rabhoritari kuti pagadzirwe injini kuti zvombo.

Sezvineiwo, imba yacho inenge isina damage German mhepo vachirwisa panguva yokukombwa Leningrad. The akakurumbira spire ane chikepe chakanga sheathed. Wokupedzisira chikuru kudzorerwa chivako kwakaitika muna Brezhnev yaitonga muna 1977.

In post-Soviet nguva pakati vagari St. Petersburg ari vaitirane nharo nezveramangwana riri Admiralty. Muna 2013, neshongwe ine spire paiva chechi yeOrthodox, kuvhurika yaiva wakapindwa pamusoro vemauto yeRussian rengarava.