DNA decoding

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) - iri mhando upenyu richiswedera kunzwisisa code, sezvamakaropafadzwa Data vakapinda nhaka ruzivo. Ichi macromolecule yakaoma anokwanisa kuchengeta nekufambisa mashoko nenhaka nemagene kubva kumarudzi namarudzi.

DNA rinorondedzera ehupfumi upi mupenyu Muviri sezvo nhaka uye variability kwakadaro. The coded mashoko rinoisa yose purogiramu pakukura dzavamwe vapenyu muviri. Majini yokusafa zvinhu kuona yose mararamiro evanhu. The Kupindira pavadzidzisi kana zvakasikwa zvinokonzerwa kwezvakatipoteredza zvinogona chete yakambotongwa kukanganisa zvinonyatsorehwa kwokuomerwa zvimwe nemagene maitiro kana kukanganisa kukura pre-chiite pezvakaitwa.

DNA decoding bumbiro rine zvesayenzi asiwo kubatsira kwete chete, anobvumira vanachiremba kuti tiite kudzivirira vaya zvirwere anenge vafanorongerwa izvo pavaizvarwa. Kuziva pamusoro zvinhu murwere genome mamiriro, chiremba anogona kufungidzira muviri achipindura matambudziko kwezvakatipoteredza, kufungidzira chirwere nei uye efficacy kwezvinodhaka chaizvo, etc.

The mamorekuru pamusoro nucleic asidhi rechirume neimwe kuti, kudzora zvose dzinotsanagura kwetunhu mapuroteni uye makemikari nokudzora kupanana simba uye zvinhu zviri mumuviri womunhu. The nemamiriro mapuroteni vavo mashandiro takatsunga ne amino acids kubva yavakanga vanoumbwa. An rinokosha iri kuridzwa sezvakarayirwa amino acids aya puroteni Morekuru.

Kana isu funga zvakadzama akaturikidzana DNA, ayo akafanana vakatsunga mhando ina nucleotides: thymidylic (T), adenine (A), guanine (G) uye cytidylic (C). Munotapira macromolecule zvemapuranga chromosome rinosvika munhu kureba 1 mita. ukobvu Its Saka kuenzana nanometer mumwe chete (imwe duku chokupisa imwe mita).

DNA fomura iri sezvo hunhu kupinda nucleotide sequences chuma. Somuenzaniso, kungava kuti fomu: AGTCATGCCAG.

DNA kwave nyaya kutsvakurudza masayendisiti kwemakumi emakore. Chokwadi chokuti majini ndiyo migove vakaparadzana pamusoro deoxyribonucleic asidhi mamorekuru wakaiswa pakati remakore rechi20. Panguva iyoyowo, masayendisiti vaiva nechokwadi kuti zvikamu izvi mamorekuru anokonzera maumbirwo kwemapurotini.

Kubva izvi akaziviswa ukama pakati makemikari maumbirwo zvikamu DNA molecules uye mapuroteni mamorekuru pachavo. Musimboti nedoro iri kuti murayiro urongwa DNA mu mapuroteni unoenderana sezvakarayirwa STRUCTURAL vamapoka DNA (nucleotides) mu majini.

The Kuwanika yakanga echimurenga panyaya kunzwisisa musimboti runotikurudzira DNA. Achiongorora zvaive majini remitemo akabvumira masayendisiti kuti pedyo huru zvakavanzika majini dzevanhu ruzivo.

The majini bumbiro munhu Zvinonzi zvimwe nucleotide kutevedzana mu huru akaendesa mashoko - DNA. Achiongorora zvaive sechivako macromolecules muna 1953 akava rinokosha zvikuru munhoroondo zvidukuduku. Nokuti mupiro wake uyu zvakawanikwa Dzh.Uotson, F.Krik M.Uilkins uye vakanga paakavapa Nobel.

DNA decoding kunoda nguva. Izvi imhaka yokuti mune imwe morekuru deoxyribonucleic asidhi rine guru mari data, kunzwisisa encrypted romutemo. Musimboti mumwe muchitokisi anogona kuchengeta ndiyo chitsama mashoko kuti angazadza miriyoni mapeji enisaikoropidhiya yesayenzi.

First kuverenga genome munhu ari inonzi nekubatwa vakakundikana muna 2001, kunyange zvazvo zvachose pakapera chirongwa akatora mamwe makore maviri. Nokuti basa yakapera madhora mamiriyoni 300, yakanga wakapindwa nemasangano yesayenzi akawanda.

The genome of kurekodha yakakwana yakaitwa muna 2007. The purojekiti bhajeti yave yairema $ 1 miriyoni.

Nhasi, ane nzira inonzi "DNA-decoding womunhu okutodza," paruchaitika imwe chirimwa, uye mutengo wawo shoma kune zvinyorwa rapfuura nhoroondo yose. It akaenzana 50 zviuru zvemadhora.