Archaeology - chii? Wakarambidzwa, wakarambidzwa Archaeology. News of Archaeology

Archaeology - History ndiko kurangwa kuti vanodzidza nhoroondo kare murume akawana zvinhu uchapupu. Izvi zvinosanganisira mabasa ounyanzvi, zviridzwa kugadzirwa uye fuma vanhu. Kusiyana kunyora, mabhuku aya regai kutaura zvakananga pamusoro chiitiko kunoitika. Uchapupu anotsanangura mhedziso nezvebasa kodzero Migumisiro vavakezve nesayenzi. Tinogona kutaura kuti zvokuchera matongo ari kudzidza migumisiro Kubata vanhu kare.

nhoroondo sezvivako

Nemhaka matongo tsvakurudzo, nyaya iri kusimba kuwedzerwa zvenyama spatial jengachenga zivo. Kunyora, sezvinotaurwa ne mashoko zvokuchera matongo, ndakaberekwa vanenge 5 zviuru. Makore akapfuura. Uye yose yapfuura munhoroondo yevanhu, uye ndicho chinhu zvishoma mamiriyoni 2. Years, aizivikanwa chete kubva pakutanga kukura mumatongo. Vanochera matongo vakawana wekutanga akanyorwa zvinyorwa 2 zviuru. Makore chokuvapo kwavo. ecuneiform ichi yeBhabhironi, uye mutsetse rechiGiriki arufabheti, uye hieroglyphs muEgipita. Nhoroondo zvokuchera matongo kwakakosha nokuti mazera mabhuku, Ages uye kare. Mashoko kuti kudzidza rwaiwanikwa kubva zvinhu zvinyorwa, zvakakwana mukwanisi uye kuzosimbisa muzvinyorwa.

Nei zvose zvakavanzika ndokunyura?

Zvasara basa evanhu inonzi matongo sezvivako. Ivo vanoonekwa fuma, migero, zvimbambaira yekare, nemisha, kuvigwa pazvikomo, kuvigwa chikonzero uye zvimwe zvivako. Kazhinji, ivo vose pachivande. Nhoroondo zvokuchera matongo vaudzewo kuti havasi vose pazvikomo uye pazvikomo akafukidzwa pasi, sezvo Somuenzaniso akaputirwa nemadota kubva kuputika kuputika rePompeii neHerculaneum. Kakawanda, kuvigwa vakavigwa pasi pasi somugumisiro webasa kwevanhu. Mune mamwe maguta mumhenderekedzo yegungwa, unogona kuwana murwi anoshongwa. Ndivo matongo yekare misha pasi anoshongwa ose mollusks, waimira sezvo zvokudya kuvagari vakare yasara.

imba yekare

Munzvimbo nevhu chainyanya chivakwa zvinhu, uye zvino zvichiita kusangana ndichifumira zvikomo dzinogarwa. Ivo vakabuda mukuparadzwa uye dilapidation nevhu muzvivako. On nheyo dzimba itsva, pamusoro pezvimwe, uye zvichingodaro vakawanda zvemakore.

The yakawanikwa zvezvivako yekare nguva dzose dziri recessed muvhu imwe mamita shoma. Vanochera matongo kupa tsananguro inotevera: pamusoro yekare zambuko kuisa itsva, akazadzwa moats, akamisira temberi mukati vakanga nheyo okuberekwa. Akaumba somugumisiro kwevanhu basa akaturikidzana inonzi nemagariro rukoko. Archaeology inotsanangura kuti vakadaro kudzidza tsika rukoko Chinangwa chacho chikuru, kureva club akaturikidzana inotungamirwa kutevedzana stratigraphy uye nhoroondo matongo nzvimbo.

Historical anowana kufambidzana

On kuparadzira strata nemagariro akaturikidzana anogona kuona muronga anowana. In yakadereresa akaturikidzana vanofanira yekare zvinhu, chokumusoro - anowana kushandisa nekaupenyu ichangopfuura. Chinangwa zvokuchera matongo ndiko pakagadzwa zvokufambidzana. Ivo kusarudza musi chaiwo waakaberekwa chaiwo makore akawana zvinhu mumakore, mazana emakore uye kunyange zvemakore.

Dzimwe nguva zvakanaka kuti tizive chaiyo mazuva. Nokuda stratigraphy, dzakadai iri nyaya rePompeii, kubva mumabhuku akanyorwa, yakasvika pakuzivikanwa kuti guta rakaparadzwa pasi pashure ane kuputika dzemabota reVesuvius kunozivikanwa. Zvakaitika muna August 79 AD. e. Maererano akanyorwa zvinogona chaizvoizvo kuona musi chaiwo waakaberekwa kumabvazuva, kuparadzwa rinoburitsa muvengi nezvimwe tsaona. Asi munhu nyaya inoratidza kuti nheyo yakadaro naye hakuiti kuti hazvina chokwadi.

Kutsunga nezvenguva mari

Kakawanda, musi paumbwe nhoroondo shongwe iri pakutsvaga mari tsika rukoko. Mint mari akatanga chete muna 8-7 emakore. BC. e. pachitsuwa vechiGiriki Aegina muna Lydia. Naizvozvo, sayenzi yezvinocherwa mumatongo, dzinongoitika nesayenzi kuti ndiro mhedziso kudanana unyanzvi, anoziva akazvionera.

Chokutanga, kushandisa radiocarbon, kana sezvazvakanyorwa wakanzi radiocarbon nzira. The marasha, huni, kana zvimwe Organic residues, izvo zviratidzwa vematongo panguva kupikidura, chinhu radioactive kabhoni. It Zvinonyatsozivikanwa hafu-upenyu, t. E. Carbon kugutsikana anogona kusarudza nguva yaro kusvika pasi layer kusvikira makore 250. Nzira iyi zvakanaka kusarudza zuva kwenguva apfuura zvemakore.

Kolchin nzira

Kuti abatsire vanochera matongo ichangobva akasvika nzira itsva dzokuziva musi chaiwo rekare kumwedzi. Dendrohronoligichesky nzira sezvayakawanikwa ne American matongo uye kutanga kushandiswa musayendisiti Soviet - akiyorojisiti B. A. Kolchinym Pavaichera muna Novgorod. Archaeology zvakaratidza kuti wakadaro kukarukureta imwe yakarurama kwazvo nzira kuona zuva.

America akacherechedza kuti upamhi zvindori akatema muti zvakafanana mune miti yose kuti vachikura zvakasiyana nguva. Munhu wose anoziva kuti imwe rin'i zvizere nguva kuti aumbe mugore. Kuti asimbise musi chaiwo waakaberekwa zvinodiwa nguva matongo kuwana nguva yakakwana akatema muti. Somuenzaniso, kana ukaona kunze ukuru uye uwandu nerogi cabins zvindori kuiswa nheyo yekereke, musi kuvaka zvivako dzakadaro vachave vanoziva kubva zvenhoroondo dzekare. Saka, sezvinotaurwa ne mashoko zvokuchera matongo, unogona kuwana kutambudzwa kukura zvindori, anogona iyo exchange nyore chero zuva.

wakarambidzwa Archaeology

Pamwe chete Zvakafukunurwa vanobvumirwa uye chakavanzika - Migumisiro izvo hazvirevi zvinonzwika. Hedzinoi dzimwe chisingadudzwi pakavanda anowana.

uraya

Vanochera matongo vakawana akararama makore mamiriyoni 230 apfuura achifamba akarurama makarwe. With zita ravo kwesayenzi Latin anoshandura se "uraya pamusoro Carolina." mupurwa zita akadaro zvinotyisa kwakakonzerwa yayo-mutinhimira matatu kukwirira, mazino makuru uye shaya. Aigona kuvhuna chero mapfupa. Noungwaru zvigadzirwa uye-dimensional matatu scanners zvakabatsira masayendisiti kuti recreate mhuka uye kunzwisisa kuti chikara ichi chaiva chakaipa kupfuura pazvikara kwezviuru zvemakore. Today erectus marangwanda garwe anobata American Museum of Archaeology.

Lost pfuma

Kupfuura gore rimwe, masayendisiti ari kunetseka zano kadhi kuna Lou kunozivikanwa pfuma. Map encrypted Masonic Chirevo, uye ndianiko anogona decipher bumbiro remitemo, uchagamuchira matani 14 nendarama yakaisvonaka. Maererano nengano, ndarama yakawira muUnited States chete vaNazi panguva Second World War.

Muna 1940, munyika Bay pamusoro Baku akamisa mauto Japanese nemasoja. pachitsuwa pacharo Baku Bay ndiyo inozivikanwa kwayo akarasika pfuma. General of Army akasarudza kuvanda pachitsuwa akakunda zvishongo ichi, nekuti Japan aifanira yokuupa, uye tora musha pfuma yaiva nengozi. General akaviga goridhe uye zvishongo muna 172 nzvimbo Philippine Islands. Akaronga kuenda shure kwapera uye osimudza zvishongo, asi hazvina kuitika. Nhasi, kukosha nepfuma yakavanzwa vanopfuura bhiriyoni emadhora. Part wepfuma anowanikwa 70-ies.

People hofori

Science asina chokwadi nokuvapo kwazvo vanhu, asi wakarambidzwa zvokuchera matongo kunoratidza zvakasiyana. Kwemakore akawanda, takazoziva risingazivikanwi kungoda vanhu makuru. Zvisinganzwisisiki guru kukura mapfupa, skulls inowanikwa siyana dzenyika. Nhasi, hapana munhu Uchashamisika munhu kukura kupfuura mamita maviri, asi kunyange mifananidzo XIX remakore kwakaratidza kuti kunyange panguva ino kwakanga vanhu yakakwirira zvikuru kupfuura 2 mamita.

Muna 1911, guano migodhi yakanga chakarembera Nevada. Masayendisiti akawana mapfupa evanhu pamusoro kukuru saizi. Institute of Archaeology, vakawana mapfupa vakaungana. Zvakaitika kuti kunoguma marangwanda vaiva munhu ane nokukwirira iri mamita 3 65 masendimita mumatongo uyewo zvakashamisa rushaya rwayo. Zviri katatu ukuru kwakajairika rushaya womunhu ano.

A kutekenyedzwa Forbidden Archaeology aakapiwa Australia. Panguva kugadzirwa jaspa zino zvevanhu wakawanikwa, ane kureba kwakanga 67 mm nohupamhi 42 mm! Masayendisiti akasika nzwisa kuti marangwanda, kwakaonekwa kuti kukura zino muridzi haana asingasviki 6 mamita.

MuIndia, chinoshamisa chakawanikwa kuwanikwa. Mauto akawana zvakanaka akachengetedzwa marangwanda kuti hofori vanhu. Mapfupa zvaitambidzwa Institute of Archaeology, uye masayendisiti kuti zvakarurama kuyera kukura kwavo. Akadzika 12 metres! Location anoramba kuonekwa pakarepo akavhara pasi, sezvazvakanyorwa ichiri unorambidzwa akiyoroji.

Uchapupu kuvapo vanhu-hofori

Australian Kucherwa pachena akaratidza nezvokuvapo zvikuru vanhu. The vakawana ibwe zvokushandisa muri zvapupu akanyarara upenyu hwavo panyika. Weight mapanga, namasanhu, Dubin, chezero, ndege ranged kubva 5 kusvika 10 makirogiramu. Similar zvinhu kwakawanikwa pedyo Okavango River. American Museum Archaeology hwakaratidza yendarira demo ane kureba kupfuura 1 meter, asi reza -. Masendimita 50 Vose kurema zviratidzwa ndiyo makirogiramu 150! Kunyange mutambi ano havana kukwanisa kurarama munowanika.

No zvishoma zvinokosha zvinoratidza zviri asinganzwisisiki megalithic hurongwa anogona kuwanika ose kondinendi yose nyika. Vose chinyararire vanotaura nezvokuvapo rwehofori.

Special nzeve inofanira Lebanese Baalbek. Iri ndiro guta zvaRafa, hapana imwe nzira kuudza chokwadi. Kanenge, kuchera matongo, kuti nokuda kweDzimba mari iri paRebhanoni, achiri havagoni kutsanangura nesayenzi. Inoshamisa mamiriro pamwe zvakakwana yakagadzirirwa nomumwe ibwe Slabs. Kurema neimwe matani 800!

History akasiya zvakawanda zvakavanzika uye hazvitaurwi chokwadi vanhu, uye pedyo mhinduro kuchatibatsira zvakawanikwa pakuchera matongo matongo tsvakurudzo.