Data uye zvinhu pamusoro mhepo. Earth muchadenga

Mhepo - ndiko anobvumira upenyu Panyika. Tanga ruzivo uye chokwadi pamusoro mumhepo tiri kudzokera kuchikoro chepuraimari. Chesekondari, takanga Kunyatsoziva pfungwa iyi jogirafi zvidzidzo.

Pfungwa pasi muchadenga

Zvomumhepo hapana chete Pasi, asiwo vamwe miviriwo yekudenga. Saka akadana gasi hamvuropu yakapoteredza pasi. The Zvinoumba ichi gasi rukoko akasiyana mapuraneti yakasiyana. Ngatimboonai inokosha mashoko uye chokwadi pamusoro paNyika mhepo, zvimwe aizivikanwa mhepo.

Chinonyanya kukosha yenhengo zvayo yakachena. Vamwe vanhu vofunga kuti paNyika muchadenga rinoumbwa zvachose okisijeni, asi chaizvoizvo mumhepo - musanganiswa magasi. Inoitwa 78% senitrogen uye 21% okisijeni. Rest mumwe muzana rinosanganisira ozone, argon, carbon dioxide, mvura nemhute. Regai chikamu magasi aya ishoma, asi ivo vanoshumira chinokosha nerevane - kupinza mugove chinokosha pamusoro gwenya mwaranzi simba uye saka regai kupa chinovheneka rokuchinja upenyu hwose pasi redu kune madota. ratinoona ehupfumi ichichinja zvichienderana kumusoro. Somuenzaniso, panguva kukwira 65? Km ndiyo 86% senitrogen uye okisijeni - 19%.

The Kuronga Earth muchadenga

• Carbon dioxide zvinodiwa chirimwa kudya kunovaka. Mumhepo, zvinoita sokuti somugumisiro afemeruke zvipenyu, kuorera mazviri, ichipfuta. Kusavapo yaro anoumba chadenga angadai akaita izvozvo zvisingabviri kuti kuvapo chero zvinomera.
• Okisijeni - chinokosha kuvanhu chezvinonhuwira mumhepo. Kuvapo Its ari chinodiwa kuti kuvapo zvose zvipenyu. Zviri anenge 20% of zvachose Vhoriyamu ratinoona magasi.
• Ozone - wechisikigo absorb kuti zuva ultraviolet mwaranzi, izvo kwakakanganisa chinobata zvipenyu. Akawanda anoumba munhu yoga rukoko zvomumhepo - ozone chidzitiro. Mumakore achangopfuura, basa kwevanhu inoenda ndechokuti ozone rukoko ari kutanga kuputsa, asi sezvo kwakakosha, zvinoshingaira basa kuchengetedza uye kudzorerwa.
• Water mhute rinozivisa mwando. kugutsikana Its dzingasiyana zvichienderana siyana zvinhu: mhepo tembiricha, nzvimbo, mwaka. Yakaderera tembiricha mvura mhute mudenga, zviduku zvinogona asingasviki chimwe muzana, ukuwo yakakwirira mari yayo 4%.
• Kuwedzera pane zviri pamusoro apa, zviri murwiyo dzenyika yakapoteredza anogara mumwe chikamu yakasimba uye zvokunwa netsvina. chin'ai ichi, dota, Gungwa roMunyu, guruva, mvura mumate, tusingaoneki. Fall mudenga, vanogona zvose dzinongoitika uye dzinokonzerwa nevanhu rinoreva.

The akaturikidzana zvomumhepo

Uye tembiricha uye arambe achirema uye unhu dzedenga panguva dzakasiyana dzakakwirira gogonera. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, Akasarudza govera dzakasiyana akaturikidzana zvomumhepo. Mumwe nomumwe wavo ane pachake zvachiri. Ngationei kuti akaturikidzana zvomumhepo Munokudzwa:

• Troposphere - mumhepo rukoko ndiyo pedyo pepasi. kukwirira kwayo - 8-10? km pamusoro matanda uye 16-18? km - munzvimbo dzinopisa. Pane 90% of zvachose mvura mhute kuti ariko mumhepo, saka pane chinoshingaira gore inotungamirwa. Uyewo rukoko urwu pane pezvakaitwa akadai kufamba mhepo (mhepo), mhirizhonga, convection. Tembiricha siyana 45 madhigirii masikati anofadza mwaka munzvimbo dzinopisa kusvika -65 madhigirii matanda.
• The stratosphere - the remoteness wechipiri kubva pasi rukoko zvomumhepo. Zvayaiva pagungano kukwira 11 kusvika 50 km. In yepazasi rukoko pamusoro stratosphere tembiricha vanenge -55, nenzira kubva panyika unomutswa kuna + 1˚S. Nzvimbo iyi inonzi inversion uye muganhu stratosphere uye mesosphere.
• The mesosphere riri imwe kukwira 50 kusvika 90? Km. The tembiricha panguva yayo yakaderera muganhu - anenge 0, mu okumusoro chinosvika -80 ...- 90 C.? Meteorites kupinda pasi muchadenga, combusted chose muna Mesospheric, nekuti ichi mhepo achine kuitika pano.
• Thermosphere ane Ukobvu anenge 700? Km. In rukoko urwu, mhepo rine Aurora borealis. Ivo kuonekwa nokuda mhepo ionization kubudikidza yepasi pose nemwaranzi uye nemwaranzi zvinobva kuzuva.
• Exospheres - a mhepo kupararira wongoramba. Pano, gasi wevasungwa uri muduku uye avo zvishoma nezvishoma kurega kunoitika muna interplanetary nzvimbo.

Muganhu pakati Earth muchadenga uye nzvimbo expanses ndokuchinja tambo 100 km. Nyaya iyi inonzi Karman mutsetse.

mumhepo kumanikidzwa

Kuteerera mamiriro okunze, tinowanzonzwa mumhepo kumanikidzwa kuverengwa. Asi chii nevezera zvomumhepo, uye sei zvingaita tinzwe?

Isu vakanzwisisa kuti gasi chinosanganisira mhepo uye netsvina. Mumwe nomumwe yenhengo idzi ine yayo uremu, uye naizvozvo mhepo hakusi hauremi, vaidavira kusvikira XVII remakore. Atmospheric kumanikidzwa - uto nako akaturikidzana zvose zvomumhepo pasi kufurirwa pa panyika uye panyaya dzose.

Masayendisiti zvidzidzo Masvomhu yakaoma uye akaratidza kuti munhu mativi mita zvomumhepo runonditsikirira pamwe simba 10.333 makirogiramu. Nokudaro, muviri womunhu pachena kuti mhepo kufurirwa, uremu chiri matani 12-15. Tadii kuzvinzwa? It kunotiponesa kumanikidzwa wayo zvemukati iyo haaiti kuti kwokunze. Mumwe anogona kunzwa mumhepo kumanikidzwa pamusoro ndege kana mumakomo, sezvo mumhepo kumanikidzwa panguva kukwira zvikuru rezasi. Muchiitiko chino, zvinobvira kusanzwa, kuisa hura, dzungu.

Interesting ruzivo uye mashoko

Mhepo yakapoteredza pasi, tinogona kutaura zvinhu zvakawanda. Tinoziva nezvazvo zvizhinji dzinonakidza chokwadi uye vamwe vavo angaita katyamadza:

• pano muchadenga anoyera 5 300 000 000 000 000 matani.
• It hwezvekukurukurirana nokupfuuridzirwa inzwi. Panguva kukwira dzinopfuura 100 km pfuma iyi akarasika nokuda nokuchinja mumhepo sezvamunoita.
• Movement zvomumhepo kushatiriswa gogonera kudziyisa pamusoro pepasi.
• Kuziva mhepo tembiricha uchishandisa lämpömittari, uye kuziva simba mumhepo kumanikidzwa - chaicho.
• Pamberi muchadenga anoponesa redu kubva matani 100 meteorites ose zuva.
• Air sezvamunoita rwakanga rwakakura mashomanana mamiriyoni zana nemakore, asi akatanga kushandura pamwe pakutanga inotambudza kugadzirwa mabasa.
• Zvinofungidzirwa kuti muchadenga kunosvika kumusoro kuti kukwira pamusoro 3000? Km.

Meaning chadenga nokuda kwevanhu

Vasiri chadenga mapazi ari 5 km. Panguva kukwira pamusoro 5000 M pamusoro pegungwa, munhu anotanga kuratidza kusava okisijeni, zvichiguma kuderera kwayo kuita uye kuderera utano. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti munhu haagoni kurarama mu muchadenga, apo pane ichi musanganiswa zvinoshamisa magasi.

ruzivo All uye chokwadi pamusoro mhepo chete musimbise kukosha kwayo kuti vanhu. Nemhaka kwayo kuvapo uye mukana woupenyu Panyika. Nechekare nhasi, dzinoongorora papi kukuvara vanhu anokwanisa zviito vakashandisa mhepo upenyu, tinofanira kufunga pamusoro pezvimwe zviito kuchengetedza uye kudzorera mhepo.