35 Battery, Sebastopol. 35 mumhenderekedzo yegungwa bhatiri, Sevastopol - nhoroondo

Kana muna 1941 mauto eGermany akapinda nharaunda kuCrimea uye Sevastopol kuuya, vakamirira kuti zvechokwadi "noushamwari". vanotsigira guta akaramba mupomerwi mazuva anopfuura 250 uye nousiku, uye chete muna July 1942, akanga akabatwa zvisingaiti, vakafirwa pano vanenge 300 zviuru mauto ayo uye vatariri. Asi zvikuru zvakaitika airidza kubva munharaunda Cape Chersonese, apo bhatiri 35, Sevastopol aiva. Photos kwenzvimbo, wakaita kubva Satellite, zvinoratidza, uko kumahombekombe mabhatiri №30 uye 35 uye nharaunda chiito kwepfuti dzavo.

kuvaka

Chikonzero nei chakazoitwa pamusoro pavakwe rakavakirwa romumhenderekedzo yegungwa bhatiri muna Sevastopol, akashanda somutariri kudzivirira kukundikana nhare Port Arthur munguva yehondo yeRussia-Japanese. Chisarudzo kuvaka masvingo chakaitwa Emperor Nicholas II May 21, 1911, iyo yave dzinounzwa mari mamiriyoni 8. Rubles. Maererano nechirongwa panofanira kuva mabhatiri maviri simba zvaiswa ane zvokuwedzera guru caliber kubva kuchamhembe uye kumaodzanyemba pachiuno.

Rokuvaka masvingo kwakatanga muna 1912. It rakabatana ne zita injiniya TS. A. Kyui, uyo aivawo ariwo mukurumbira munyori. Vakanga kutanga vakachera pemigero pasi runoshamisa shongwe, akavaka yemauto uye mamwe mabhizimisi kwakavakirwa, asi kuvakwa yakakanganiswa nokutanga kwakaita pokuchinja uye haizopereri hondo yevagari shure nayo.

Construction rakazotanga chete muna 1925. Zvino chakaitirwa vachitungamirirwa maviri Soviet nemauto mainjiniya - B. K. Sokolova uye V. V. Vystavkina. By kuwa 1929 pakupedzisira kupinzwa kushanda 35 kumahombekombe bhatiri. Sevastopol ashanyirwe nhume rine nhengo hurumende yeSoviet, inotungamirwa I. V. Stalin pachake. kushanya uku kwakaguma chinokosha kuvandudza mumhuri uye munzanga kuchengeteka yevashandi mhiri Black Sea Fleet chawo.

Description romumhenderekedzo yegungwa bhatiri nhamba 35

On mundima bhatiri aiva mana 305-millimeter pfuti, akarongwa vaviri vaviri vari turrets maviri. uye neKomisheni maviri akashongedzerwa murayiro mbiru - huru uye chengetedza. Vaiva munzvimbo 300 uye 450 metres kubva nepfuti zvinogumbura pachavo.

Mumwe nomumwe zvinhu izvi yaiva pakati warrior conning shongwe, kutangira pemarata, uyewo zvionera simba uye kukurukurirana Unit, riri kudzika mapuriro matatu pevhu. Hwakadzika achiri ndiyo nzvimbo apo zviridzwa vakanga yakaiswa, kuburikidza icho dzakaitisa zvakananga kurapa kupfura.

Building, apo zvashata murayiro post, aiva kurutivi bazi, mbune kumahombekombe. It vakasamushumira chete sechinhu musana buda, asiwo kuratidza abudise uye sewerage enyika. Kungoda chete hurongwa rave yakanyatsoiswa uye matochi №30, iyo yakatanga kushanda muna 1933.

emplacements urongwa pacharo akanaka nzvimbo akasarudzwa. Pane imwe kuaona, pano kuona yose Sevastopol (35 bhatiri pamepu - iri mufananidzo pamusoro). Urongwa Izvi zvinoita kuti vachiridzira of pfuti ari dzeraundi makavharidzira zvekutepfenyura, t. E. To yakarova kupfura, kwete chete panguva mugungwa asiwo munyika. Ndokusaka chinokosha simba iri umhare kudzivirira guta raiva 35 kumahombekombe bhatiri. Sevastopol uye nharaunda yakapoteredza kuti goko kunze pfuti kuti kuchamhembe kusvika Bakhchisarai, uye kumaodzanyemba - kuna Bajdarsky gedhi uye Simeiz.

Mukuwedzera, pamusoro kumucheto bhatiri vakanga vakapakata 5 bunkers dzakagadzirwa Akazadzisa kongiri. Mumwe nomumwe wavo vakagadzirira vatatu zvigwagwagwa.

chisingatombotarisirwi chimhingamupinyi

Pakazosvika mavambo Great Patriotic War, kudzivirira Sevastopol raiva maviri 12-padiki warrior chetyrehorudiynyh bhatiri №30 uye 35, akawanda dhazeni vakanyatsoshongedzwa kuzvidzivirira uye atirari nzvimbo. Ichingori muchakavanzika kunyange nhasi, nei mepu German muchiuto uye magwaro vanoti sezvo dzavarwi "Bamba Gorky".

Mumazuva hondo reSoviet muchiuto utungamiri mangwanani, zvakava pachena kuti mumwe mukuru zvinangwa murayiro German achava Sevastopol. Pazvinotanga vehondo muvengi ndiye zvisingadzoreki chinosvika nemahombekombe kweGungwa Dema, uye October 30, 1941 akaona wokutanga muvengi kurwisa guta rechi11 Army pasi General Manstein.

Pasinei chokwadi kuti 30-rongedza ndaiva rebei, vanoona ayo akawana wechikamu yose German zvigadzirwa, zvinosanganisira vakawanda matangi motokari, kukurumidza kutamira kuguta. Zvakangoitikawo kuti dzakapfirirwa vamapoka mauto eSoviet akanga akadzivirira Crimean kweItari, asiyiwa shure, uye Sevastopol akanga akazaruka zvachose kuti muvengi.

November 1, apo vanhu vokuGermany vaifanira kuita chokupedzisira kusvetuka, pfupi vamakumi mashomanana makiromita kuti kubaya, mbiru avo warrior motokari dzakanga pakarepo vanogumurwa, uye nokurohwa zvisiriizvo simba. Chishamiso raiva pakuti, maererano German ungwaru munzvimbo yakanga rakapotsa hapana nevarwi Red Army.

Yokutanga panyanya yakanga unonyangadzwa Sevastopol bhatiri №30 pasi murayiro A. Alexander uye Maritime Army nemasoja. Pasinei inorema nezvinhu, vokuGermany achiri rakatora nzira kuguta.

Kurwisa wechipiri

A yechipiri kuedza kuti varwise mauto eNazi raparurwa musi 17 December. Yakatanga simba kupfuura atirari gadziriro, uye ipapo kurwiswa akanga aiswa kure 5 muvengi mapoka. Asi zvose zvakashaya pasina. Vakanga akasangana kukuru nemishonga kubva vanotsigira dzavarwi "Bamba Gorky" - 30 uye 35 kubva bhatiri. Sevastopol uye nguva ino vakapona.

Wechitatu kurwisa

June 7, 1942 pa 5:00 ndini mumaturi muvengi uye atirari, vachitsigirwa Ndege kubva mhepo yakatanga dzinoshandura hunoshamisa kwevashandi guta. Saka Manstein yakatanga inogumbura pamusoro fronts zvose.

Kutsigira inifanduri uye warrior motokari pano vakatorwa huru kuzvidzora propelled dhaka "Karl" uye kusingaenzaniswi aro kukura mira howitzer, yainzi zita hadzi "Dora". Asi, pasinei ichi, mauto eSoviet akaisa kukuru kurwisa kune muvengi uye unonyangadzwa kurwisa pashure kurwisa. Mazuva 4 chete gare gare mauto eGermany akarasika pano vanenge 20 zviuru. mauto Its.

The kuchinja pakurwa kwakaitika June 17 - pashure vaanorarama navo 30-fung bhatiri. Zvaakanga akapfura ose zvombo, ivo nevanozvitsigira vaimanikidzwa kutamira inofa shongwe. Kurwa ndanogara menyika. Vaitsigira tisina zvokudya kana mvura, kunze vokuGermany vakatanga kushandisa gasi rinouraya. June 20-21, shongwe vose vakanga vasanyanya. nevanozvitsigira zhinji vakafa zvairwadza rufu, uye vakapukunyuka, kusanganisira mukuru yechi30 Battery Alexander, vakabatwa vakaparadzwa mumisasa yeNazi.

The wokupedzisira chokutambudzika oparesheni

Sevastopol kudzivirira kwakapera. On June 24, vakasara Red Army uye vasara vagari veguta vakatanga kuenda Cape nenzira iri bhatiri №35. zvinoshamisa ushingi hwake uye kushinga vafambisi of Black Sea Fleet anorova kutya mumwoyo vavengi vavo. VokuGermany vari kuwedzera kusvinwa encirclement uye akatanga kumbosiya vanotsigira guta kugungwa. Nguva yasvika apo shure kwave asiko.

Uto Manstein vakatambura huru nezvinhu, asi zvakadaro iye akaenda pamusoro inogumbura. Pasinei nokupikiswa kubva mhepo uye nyika yacho bhatiri №35 akatungamirira kugara bombardment chinzvimbo muvengi. Asi musi June 23, mumwe shongwe yacho bhatiri rakaparadzwa zvakananga raparadza bhomba. Kamwe dzapedza anoshongwa, masoja vakaramba undoraira pfuti cores uye grapeshot.

kubvisa

Night June 29 kanzuru zvechiuto uye murayiro pamusoro romumhenderekedzo yegungwa kudzivirira bhatiri №35 vakatamira humwewo nzvimbo. Zuva rakatevera, mushumo akatumirwa vanhu commissar of Navy nokuda Kuregwa Sevastopol uye ndichikumbira kubvisa pemudonzvo zvose. July 1 vakanga yakadzikiswa ndege tora mungarava murayiro wavo chimiro, iri chokwadi zvinonyadzisa akatiza, vachisiya kufa vanopfuura zviuru 80. Murume!

Pazuva iroro guta rakanga amakaiswa. By zvarayirwa General novikov shongwe vakanga Varidza uye pakavanda nemabara acho. Asi ndinofanira kutaura kuti mazuva kunyange kupfuura 10 vakaneta nevanozvitsigira vakarwa kuzvidzivirira zviito. Pamusoro pavo zvaishandiswa flamethrowers, magirinedhi uye gasi rinouraya. Vachirwisana kwete chete panyika asi mukati bhatiri casemates.

Somugumisiro, mashoko kunozivikanwa romumhenderekedzo yegungwa bhatiri 35 vakatama pamusoro uye vakabata nguva refu mumwe yakanakisisa mauto Wehrmacht, zvakazoita kuti chinokosha kwakaderera yeNazi mauto ari Stalingrad.

Chikuru pfuti German

of kudzivirira Sevastopol Nyaya zvaisazova kwakakwana pasina kutaurwa nezvokuti kuparadza yechi30 uye 35th mabhatiri vakashandiswa nevaNazi zvikuru pfuti "Carl" uye "Dora", akagadzira uye achibudiswa "Krupp" mafekitari wekambani German. Pakutanga, vakanga varonga kushandisa kuFrance kuti Maginot dzinza kurohwa, asi sezvo munoziva, nyika nechisimba mheni, uye kudiwa kurwisa yakanyangarika woga.

Zvikurukuru mwoyo wayo saizi pfuti "Dora" aiva 800-millimeter pfuti caliber. Zirume Izvi vaizoremerwa 1,350 matani uye projectile kwairi - 7088 makirogiramu. Rakanga zvakakumikidzwa Sebastopol rails iri raputika maonero pamusoro zvikuru akagadzirirwa izvi platforms zvinangwa. Akakokera pfuti zvakatora anenge matatu mazuva. Kuti tiuye ari kushanda ezvinhu, anoda mugove waiva 5 km, ina hunyambiri njanji njanji chete chinhambwe pakati Makwara 6 m. Kuti kutakura pfuti, vanosvika 5 vakatora nezvitima rinoumbwa ngoro 106.

Under murayiro Major-General kukurayirai hofori tambo, paiva kusvika chiuru vanhu, uye sezvinoita chokufukidzisa zvombo vakashandisa miviri atirari battalions.

VokuGermany dzaitarisira kuti ichi chishamiso-chombo, asi hazvina mhosva uye zvishoma tarisiro zvose. Of 48 kurira kwepfuti, mumwe chete yakaratidza kuva inoshanda - rakaparadzwa ane pevhu zvombo dhepoti.

"Dora" Zvechokwadi aiva chishamiso rechiuto zvokushandisa, asi vakaita akati pamusoro wake mumwe mukuru wemapurisa yaHitler Germany Frants Galder, "Iri ndiro basa mifananidzo, asi akava maturo chose."

miziyamu

Pashure okuguma Great Patriotic War, ari 40-60s, aiita riri pamhenderekedzo bhatiri # 723, riri vaimbova pevhu, apo kare chaimbova 35 Battery. Sevastopol nguva dzose akarangarira vakakudza ndangariro masoja akafirapo.

Mumazuva okupedzisira emakore ari XX remakore zvikuru kwakawedzera kufarira umhare zviitiko akare. Munzvimbo idzi dzakaitwa misangano magamba, uyewo akaita kumapati kutsvaka siyana. Akava pachena uye mamwe mapeji wamboonekwa muguta paaizvidzivirira, uye basa reDare mariri 35 bhatiri. Sevastopol, ane nhoroondo odzokera anopfuura maviri emakore, akapfuma umhare mabasa. Uye April 26, 2006 City Council pakupedzisira akasarudza kumisa pamusoro munharaunda kunozivikanwa romumhenderekedzo yegungwa bhatiri dzakaitika-chokurangaridza kunzwisisa, yakavakwa kukudzwa nevanozvitsigira gamba-guta.

"35 bhatiri" Museum akatanga kuumba muna 2007. Sevastopol ave dzinounzwa nyika sangano chokurangaridza zvakaoma, asi magadzirirwo, kuvaka, budiriro uye zviri ake vakazvipira pachavo kwete hurumende masangano uye pasiri emakambani ari "Tavrida Electric" pamwe kutora chikamu hanya Sevastopol.

Tours zvinoitiswa ne Pantheon kuyeuka uye matochi casemates ari kudzika anenge 25-30 mamita. Vose vari zvachose vakasununguka.

Sei ikoko

Location Museum nzvimbo - Coast Cossack Bay, 35 Battery, Sebastopol. Sei ikoko? The chirangaridzo kunzwisisa "35 kumahombekombe bhatiri" ingasvikwa vaviri pachake uye mabhazi. Enda pano dzakawanda nemuchovha, mabhazi uye trolleybuses. Uyezve, mumwe mugari wemo nomufaro kukuudzai nzira.

Masvingo bhatiri 35, Sevastopol - mumwe anokosha Soviet atirari masvingo. Zvino makumi ezviuru vashanyi vanobva munyika dzakasiyana kuuya pano, chokurangaridza kukudza yakajeka ndangariro wemagamba vakafa muhondo dzisakarurama pamwe Nazi nechisimba.