Interesting chokuita Turkey. Description Turkey. History, Culture

Turkey - haisi chete nevakawanda vashanyire nzvimbo, asi nzvimbo munhau zhinji, uye hurumende ine akasiyana netsika. Architectural zvinotyisa uye kujairika netsika munyika ino Akakwezva vanhu pasi pose. Ndezvipi nenzvimbo zviri Turkey? The chinoshamisa nyaya yake? Chii chaungaita iwe atitaurire uri wake, Tsika? Ngatione zvizere.

nenzvimbo nzvimbo

Tanga zvinonakidza zvinhu pamusoro Turkey ndiye ainyatsokwanisa waro - riri mu South-Eastern Europe uye Southwest Asia panguva imwe chete. Its kureba kubva kumavirira kusvikira kumabvazuva gumi nezvitanhatu namazana makiromita, uye kubva kuchamhembe kusvikira kumaodzanyemba - namazana matanhatu. Huru Chikamu zvinoreva Anatolian Peninsula, iro rinozivikanwa pasi zita "Malaya Aziya". Makungwa yakapoteredza Turkey, anonzi Black, reAegean uye Mediterranean. Rokutanga riri kuchamhembe, apo vamwe vaviri - iri kumavirira nokumaodzanyemba. Uyezve, pane Dardanelles uye Bosphorus. mativi European uye Asian dzakaparadzaniswa nemvura, ndima gungwa unobatanidza Gungwa Dema uye Gungwa reAegean. The yokupedzisira chiri dzimwe nguva inonzi Marble. Mountains muTurkey zvakasiyana anoyevedza chikamu nharaunda, saka haagoni kunzi pachena zororo. Avhareji kureba pose kunharaunda ehurumende - chiuru metres pamusoro pegungwa. Kudeuka gomo Turkey - iri Pontic uye Taurus. The yakakwirira iri Kaçkar zvitatu namazana mapfumbamwe namakumi matatu chete mita.

Borders uye uwandu hwevanhu

Kudeuka guta muTurkey ndiye Istanbul. It akanyora vagari vanopfuura mamiriyoni gumi. The guru kukura mumaguta akasiyana gumi nevaviri - apo upenyu vanopfuura miriyoni imwe. Nzvimbo ehurumende ari manomwe namakumi masere nemazana mashanu nemakumi masere mativi makiromita. Makungwa yakapoteredza Turkey, pave dzinongoitika muganhu yose nemhenderekedzo, izvo kunosvika manomwe zviuru zviviri namazana makiromita. Total Turkey ari bordered nenyika masere. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Georgia, Greece, Iran, Iraq uye Siria. Duration nyika miganhu zviviri namazana matanhatu namakumi mana navasere makiromita, uye wakarebesa ndiye runoparadzanisa nyika vaSiria - masere namakumi maviri navaviri makiromita.

Inonyanya kufarirwa kumatunhu Turkey vari pamahombekombe - ndiye guta Kemer, Side, Alanya, Marmaris uye Antalya. Mazita aya vakajaira vashanyi, asi panguva ino naka jogirafi uye nhoroondo kuziva nyika, uye zvimwe zvinhu. Somuenzaniso, hapana zvishoma zvinonakidza kushanyira vakawanda zvitsuwa Turkey - semuenzaniso, mumwe muhomba Pashalimany - nzvimbo wakajeka pamwe coves cup zvinomera.

Nhoroondo yekare munyika

Kokutanga munhu akaonekwa vemo munyika chemakore nehafu BC mumwe nomwe uye. Asi zvino inoti itsva zvakasikwa uye akanyangarika randomly, saka kushamwaridzana kuti musi nokuwanda kwamakore muTurkey, hazvibviri - mumazuva iwayo yaiva yakasiyana zvachose nyika. Pakati pavo paiva varwi yavaEgipita, vaSiria uye Anatolian, uye vaGiriki vakasangana. No Kugadzikana haako. In mazana maviri namakumi manomwe nemapfumbamwe BC vaCelt akavamba guta munyika - zvino inozivikanwa se guru kweTurkey, Ankara. Zvino yeRoma yenhoroondo. Kupararira pamusoro nharaunda zvaiitwa nevaKristu uye renyika rakanga Constantinople. Emperor Giustinian akawedzera kunyika Byzantine Empire kusvikira muBalkans, North Africa, Anatolia, uye akakunda Italy. Kwapera nguva, mugumisiro kunoderedza, uye vokuTurkey aidzora chete nyika yazvino, uyewo Iraq uye Iran. New maruva yakaitika pamwe veMubatanidzwa hweOttoman Empire, iyo yakapiwa pakati Europe.

nhoroondo ano

Nemateru nezvisingafadzi chinjana mu renhoroondo dzamadzimambo Turkish wehurumende. Mukutanga ramakumi remakore tsananguro Turkey somunhu simba umambo zvakanga zvichiri chokwadi, asi kwokuputsika chava pedyo. Wrong kufamba WWI aiva ukuru yomugumo. Munguva maviri paiva hondo kuti rusununguko uye sultanate yakaguma. Paitonga Ataturk kuti remitemo rakazoshandiswa uye repealed mitemo yechitendero kuchinja zvakawanda. Women akawana kodzero kuvhota, munyika hweruzhinji yakatangwa. The kosi iri kukura mberi kusvikira pakuguma remakore. Pakutanga maviri wokutanga chikuru chido Turkish accession kuna EU. Panguva iyoyo ichi zvisingaiti nokuti kuti kunzvimbo dzakawanda Turkey vari kusagadzikana kwezvemari zvakasiyana uye kurwisa Kurds nyore. Separatism iri rinopisa nyaya. Kana kurdish nyaya isina kugadziriswa, Ankara haazovi imwe yemisoro yeEuropean Union.

Architecture kweTurkey

Patinodzidza zvinofadza chokwadi pamusoro Turkey, vanofanira kudzidza kwete chete nezvenhoroondo uye nzvimbo, asiwo pamusoro tsika - siyana uri siyana zvinokosha chaizvo kuti mumwe vemo mugari. Ngatitange pamwe mapurani. Zvinonzi kusiyaniswa anoyevedza siyana dzinenge guta rimwe nerimwe. Hwaro kuvakwa kare semupi ibwe kubva iyo mabhuroko vakaitwa. kunzvimbo dzakasiyana kweTurkey anogona pamusoro zvinokwezva dzakadai chechi, wenhare, madrassas, dzokugezera, misika uye caravanserais. Ivo akafukidzwa usina kukonekita, zvishongo kuvesa, chitsvuku zvedongo usina kukonekita. Plot nokuti kusangana vari zvinomera, geometric zvitarisiko uye calligraphic zvinyorwa. Top mapurani ndimi muri zvivakwa akawanda Istanbul, akadai Hagia Sophia - yakakurumbira chechi muTurkey, anomirira vakawanda masangano.

chinyakare chivezwa

Vamwe yakanyungudutswa akachengetedzwa muTurkey ndezvaJehovha ekare mapeji munhoroondo ehurumende. Vari iri akakura zvivako sezvo kushongedzwa. Pachivanhu mumwe mufananidzo vari dzinounzwa kuna Mabhuku eBraille masvingo. Kazhinji mutemo wakaiswa pamusoro makona uye napamusoro pediments ose niches. Nokuti chokuti chitendero vechimoziremu unorambidza kuratidzwa vanhu nemhuka, kuti sculptural art kuchinja nguva vezvitendero rinowanzoshandiswa zvishoma chaizvo, saka yakakura muunganidzwa maumbirwo Turkish mamiziyamu havagoni kuzvirumbidza.

mufananidzo

Interesting chokuita Turkey uye nemakanzuru nounyanzvi inogona kunyatsonanga ndakasuruvara. Anoyevedza nhamba mienzaniso hazviwirirani kuzotonga tsika hwekare kupenda zvinogoneka chete kubva muzvinyorwa kuti vaifanira vashongedze, uye miniatures anoshandiswa muchivanze kuti kubwinya Sultan. kunzvimbo dzakasiyana kweTurkey anozvikudza zvikoro calligraphy ravo, saka inokosha kunyora kwakajeka kunogona nekuidzwa chinotsiva imwe mhando tsika kuti munyika kupenda. Just okupedzisira Mifananidzo akasiyana kutsvinyirwa mavara uye chisina kutsetseka zvitarisiko pasina uchidanana mufananidzo. Zvisinei, panguva imwe chete, vane mavara chaizvo uye yakabatana. Modern dzinomiririra kupenda kutungamirirwa mitemo vatenzi European, uye rakafuridzirwa kumadokero tsika.

Arts uye Crafts

Description Turkey hazvibviri pasina kutaura kwakadai unyanzvi. Vazhinji zvivako, kunyange zuva nezuva hunhu vari akashongedzwa mifananidzo, imwe kushongedzwa riri nemidziyo zvemumba. For vanodhirowa vaishandisa stylized motifs kuratidza zvinomera, mhuka, uye maruva. Part pebindu chinhu muchikepe seiri, mumwe bouquet pakati tulips, carnations, irises, hyacinths. Kushandiswa kupenda munyoro, tsvuku uye mashava, uye zvitema pendi. Chimwe unyanzvi zvakafanana ari kugadzira - rakajeka jira dzvuku nendarama kana muenzaniso nesirivha pamatunhu kudiwa. Uyezve, nyika yakakurumbira Turkish nemakapeti. Vari kusiyaniswa imwe ruvara yakaderera-kiyi uye sezvamunoita yepakutanga. Vamwe kumatunhu Turkey uye inozivikanwa pagadzirwe mifananidzo emapuranga zvinhu, zvombo simbi uye nezvirongo, mavara Ceramics neyevhu.

mabhuku

Vazhinji zvinonakidza zvinhu pamusoro Turkey kunogona kuwanikwa kubva zvinyorwa zvakadai mabhuku munzvimbo vanyori. tsika Ancient zviri nyore kudzidza mabasa akasikwa panguva Seljuk mutemo muchiArabic. Dare vadetembi iyoyo akanyora Persian. Kuti vakapona yekare rengano, ngano, ngano, zvirevo, nziyo uye kunyange nezvirahwe uye majee. Mamwe mabhuku kare zvakasikwa chete munhetembo - rakafanana manyorerwo vane chivalry uye rinorumbidza zviremera.

Munguva kuderera hweOttoman Empire, vokuTurkey akanyora satirical bhuku, achiisa pfumbamuromo, embezzlement, upenyu kwoutsinye uye kudhakwa. Munhuwo prose chete kushandiswa mabasa kwesayenzi - rinoshanda chitendero, mushonga, nhoroondo. Mabhuku ari kwakajairika mupfungwa yakabuda tichishandisa nokunonoka, saka yokufungidzira, kutsika kana magariro enganonyorwa uyewo mitambo kazhinji ndeyemunguva chipo. Nokufamba kwenguva, mutauro Turkish rave nyore uye zvino mumabhuku, haana kusiyana nevanhu.

Turkish chili

Kudya zvokudya ndeimwe zvinokosha zvenyaya tsika Eastern. Turkish chili pakati vakapfuma munyika siyana. Vamwe ndiro anogona kuongorora zvakavanzwa uye navatorwa, uye vamwe vanogona kugadzirira chete ruzivo chaizvo mubiki. Sezvineiwo, rimwe nerimwe dunhu - pachavo zvetsika ndiro dzavo. Kusiyana pfungwa kuti dzokuMabvazuva chili zvakare unopinza, zvinonhuhwirira zvinoshandiswa zvine mwero. Individual anobatsirwei kuti vakawanda ndiro dziripo vegetarians - Turkish madhishi vari siyana uye vakagadzirira kwete chete nyama, asiwo kubva siyana miriwo, michero uye ose ezviyo.

tsika

Kuti tinzwisise upenyu vagari vemo nani, zvinokosha kuziva zvimwe mitemo yavo. Somuenzaniso, vakadzi mumifananidzo matema hakubvumidzwi, uye varume vane mvumo. Kupinda imwe chechi kana pamba, vokuTurkey nguva dzose kutora shangu dzavo mugoisiira pamukova. Kana pane ngozi kuti vakarasika, unogona kuwedzera shangu muhomwe uye tora nemi. The vokuTurkey haana kunwa doro mumigwagwa. Chinonyanya tsamwisa, zvinogona kuita mutorwa - kuti kuvhiringidza nyika pamwe Greece. Hatigoni majee pamusoro Atatürk - pasinei zvimwe zvikanganiso, zvazvinosarira anodiwa zvikuru gamba renyika kusvikira nhasi. Chimwe chikanganiso chakakomba - call Istanbul Constantinople. The zita wekare vaiva Byzantine guta, iro yakahwina kuvaOttoman. Kurishandisa, unogona vanokuvara uye kuratidza kusaziva nhoroondo. Uye, chokwadi, hakufaniri kuvhiringidzwa - guta guru munyika ndiye Ankara.