Culture Ancient Greece: zvishoma. Zvinoumba tsika Ancient Greece

Buildings uye zvivezwa, nhetembo uye pfungwa vazivi makuru - zvose chikamu "chishamiso rechiGiriki," sezvo masayendisiti vanouti nhasi.

Kana uchifarira tsika muGirisi yekare, muchidimbu aiziva nayo uchakwanisa kuita munyaya ino. Saka, chii anofarira kunyange mano munhu ari art mumakore zviuru zvina apfuura? Ngatitarisei zvizere.

tsananguro

Antique nguva, izvo kunoratidzwa kumuka pavapenyu kweGirisi (sezvo vaGiriki vekare rinonzi nyika yavo), ndiyo inonakidza kuti ruzhinji vatsoropodzi. Uye hazvishamisi! Pashure pezvose, panguva ino paiva chidzoke uye kugadzwa misimboti siyana zvinenge Genres ose panguva art.

Masayendisiti ose kugoverana nhoroondo nyika iyi mumaoko shanu nguva. Ngatimboonai kuti typology uye kutaura pamusoro paumbwe mamwe ounyanzvi.

Aegean panguva

Nguva iyi zvakajeka zvikuru anomiririrwa monument maviri - uye Mycenaean mumuzinda Knossos. The yokupedzisira ari zvakawanda anozivikanwa nhasi sezvo Labyrinth pakati ngano Theseus uye Minotaur. Mushure matongo Zvakafukunurwa, masayendisiti yakasimbisa veracity yacho yezvechitendero. It akachengetedzwa chete pasi pasi, asi pane dzimba dzinopfuura mazana matatu!

Uyezve palace Mycenaean nguva anozivikanwa Masiki Achaean vatungamiriri uye Cretan zvivezwa diki chimiro. Statuette inowanikwa pakadzika yamambo, vari zvinoorora muzviruva yavo. Women vane nyoka tarisa musoro chaizvo uye kwezvokufuka.

Saka, tsika Girisi yekare, pfupiso iyo chinopiwa munyaya, izvozvo zvakatanga kubva symbiosis yekare kwebudiriro pakati nechiwi cheKrete uye akasvika Achaean uye Dorian madzinza ndokugara muBalkan Peninsula.

Homer kumwedzi

Nguva iyi ndiyo chaizvo yakasiyana zvinhu mashoko kubva yaimbovapo. Kubva XI kusvika IX remakore BC, kwave kune zviitiko zvakawanda zvinokosha.

Chokutanga, akafa yapfuura budiriro. Masayendisiti zvinoratidza kuti somugumisiro munhu kuputika kuputika. Kubva hurumende paiva kudzokera kuna zvaiita mudziyo. Kutaura zvazviri, paiva paumbwe vanhu zvakare.

The inokosha ndechokuti mashoko akapoteredza zvinhu kuderera tsika yokunamata hwaponeswa chose uye akaramba ichishanduka. Tinogona kuona kubva mabasa Homer, izvo kuratidza chaizvo ichi rinokosha panguva.

The Trojan War ndiwo mugumo Minoan kumwedzi, uye munyori vaigara mangwanani zvekare nguva. Ndiko, "The rinonzi Iliad" uye "Odyssey" - chete uchapupu iyi, nekuti kunze kwavari, uye zvakawanikwa pakuchera matongo pamusoro haisi kuzivikanwa nhasi.

zvekare tsika

Panguva ino, pane Kuwedzera uye inotungamirwa States mitemo. Inotanga chemindi mari, pane paumbwe arufabheti uye tsamba inotungamirwa.

Ari zvekare yaitonga ngapaonekwe yeOlympic, akaumba kapoka kumuviri uye mitambo yose.

Zvaive munguva iyi hwava tsika Greece yekare. A rondedzero pfupi pamusoro pokumuka Genres ayo unogona kuverenga pamusoro.

Classic kumwedzi

Zvose fascinates isu nhasi rekare rechiGiriki tsika (pane pfupiso yacho), zviri kuitika munguva ino.

Philosophy nesayenzi, unyanzvi uye chivezwa, kwakarungwa kwounyanzvi uye nhetembo - Genres izvi zvose anazvo zvinombooma uye rakasiyana kukura. The apogee hwokusika okuti vakava vomuAtene Architectural ensemble, izvo zvichiri zvinoshamisa vateereri rayo kuwirirana uye akanaka chimiro.

echiGiriki

The okupedzisira nguva kukura tsika dzechiGiriki Zvinofadza chaizvo nokuti unoreva zvakawanda.

Kudivi rimwe, pane mubatanidzwa tsika pamusana kwaAlexander Mukuru Greek uye Oriental. Kune vamwe - Rome rinoburitsa Greece, asi vapedzisira ichizviisa pachavo tsika dzayo.

akitekicha

The Parthenon zvichida ndiyo imwe yakakurumbira Zvivako zvenyika yekare. A Doric Ionic kana zvinhu, zvakadai mbiru, pakuona vamwe kuchangobva mapurani zvekunyanyisa.

Zvikurukuru, kukura uku uri chimiro, tinogona kuronda temberi. Iri zvivako mhando iyi paakapiwa zvikuru nesimba, mari uye unyanzvi. Kunyange dzoushe zvaikosheswa chaizvo zvishoma pane nzvimbo zvibayiro kuna vanamwari.

Runako temberi Greek vekare ndechokuti havana zvakaoma mutemberi asinganzwisisiki uye vanamwari utsinye. Kure negungwa mudziyo vakatarira vakaita zvavo dzimba, chete vakapakata kwezvokufuka uye hunopa dzakapfuma. Uye sei zvimwe, kana vamwari pachavo vakanga anoratidzwa sezvinoita vanhu vane chete matambudziko, kukakavara uye mufaro?

Mune ramangwana, mirairo nhatu mbiru akaumba hwaro okuruka dzakawanda European mapurani. Zviri kuburikidza navo tsika Greece yekare zvishoma, asi capacious chaizvo uye hunogara akapinda upenyu murume ano.

vhasi kupenda

Mabasa ounyanzvi ichi kuumba kupfuura vakawanda uye kuongororwa kufambidzana. Kuchikoro, vana vanodzidza mashoko chinomirirwa tsika Greece yekare (zvishoma). Grade 5 Somuenzaniso, - nguva zvokufambidzana rengano.

Zvino Zvivako yebudiriro ichi kuti vadzidzi ona yokutanga - rasviba lacquered Ceramics - akanaka chaizvo uye dzemhando yepamusoro nezvirongo, makopi akanga matkamuistoja, zvishongo uye Collectibles dzose nekutambira nguva.

Painting rwengarava vakayambuka wandei zvokukura kukura. Pakutanga vakanga nyore geometric mapatani, kubvira panguva Minoan tsika. Next, ivo vakawedzera zononoka meanders uye nezvimwe zvakawanda.

Mukuita yokuvawo vhasi mufananidzo anowana zvinoitwa kupenda. On midziyo kuonekwa mifananidzo kubva mungano uye upenyu hwezuva nezuva vaGiriki vekare, nhamba yevanhu, mifananidzo mhuka uye mifananidzo kubva muupenyu hwezuva nezuva.

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti the artist vakakwanisa kuratidza kwete chete sangano iri mifananidzo yake, asi kupa chaiko kune vatambi. Nokuda kwayo chaizvo unhu kuzivikanwa vamwari magamba pasina dambudziko.

mungano

yekare vanhu nyika kuwana kwavo nezvakapoteredza zvakasiyana zvishoma pane isu vakajaira kurinzwisisa. Vanamwari vaiva mukuru simba, ndiani akaita kuti chii chinoitika muupenyu hwomunhu.

The chikoro inowanzobvunzwa kuita pamusoro unoti "Culture Ancient Greece" mashoko pfupi, pfupi, anonakidza, uye hunonyatsodonongodza nhaka ichi chinoshamisa budiriro. Panyaya iyi, nyaya iri nani kutanga mungano.

Greek pantheon kwaisanganisira zvakawanda vamwari, demigods uye mhare, asi chikuru vaiva gumi Olympians. Mazita vamwe vavo vakanga nechakare munguva Mycenaean budiriro. Vanotaurwawo ivhu pamahwendefa pamwe Linear. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti panguva ino vakanga mukono nehadzi dzomuzana zvakafanana hunhu. Somuenzaniso, Zeus aiva iye-iye Zeus.

Nhasi, tinoziva pamusoro vanamwari Greece yekare kuburikidza Zvivako youpfu unyanzvi uye mabhuku, zvakasara kwemazana emakore. Zvivezwa, Pamifananidzo, zvivezwa, mitambo, uye nyaya pfupi - izvi zvose zvinooneka munyika nevaGiriki.

Maonero akadaro achiripo nguva yavo. Art tsika Girisi yekare, muna pfupi, rwave chikuru simba pamusoro pokumuka muzvikoro zvakawanda kuEurope akasiyana-siyana ounyanzvi. Artists of Renaissance akararamazve uye akakurukura pfungwa manyorerwo, kuwirirana uye chimiro, aizivikanwa dzenhoroondo Greece.

mabhuku

emakore kupatsanura munzanga yedu kubva nzanga muGirisi yekare, kunze chaizvoizvo kwatiri Wakasvika chete mafufu zvakanyorwa. "Rinonzi Iliad" uye "Odyssey", zvichida - kupfuura mukurumbira, naro anozivikanwa tsika Ancient Greece. Pfupiso yebhuku (pamusoro Odysseus uye ake adventures) anogona kuwanikwa chero Anthology rinoti, uye dzezvakaitwa akachenjera munhu chaizvo vanhu vachiri.

Pasina zano rake hakwaizova kukunda pakati Achaeans muna Trojan War. Pfungwa, kuti nhetembo mbiri iumbe mufananidzo mutongi wenyika chitsuwa Ithaca muchiedza vakakwana. Vatsoropodzi kurinzwisisa somunhu seboka hunhu, pachinzvimbo chaizvo akanaka zvinhu.

Homer okugadzira zvinhu zvinoreva remakore rechisere BC. More kuchangobva vanyori vakadai Euripides, akaita mabasa ake hachizi jeti itsva. Kana zvakanga kwavari inokosha ukama wemagamba uye vanamwari, uyewo anonyengera yavamwari vavo chipingaidzo upenyu vanhuwo zvavo, asi ikozvino zvinhu zviri kuchinja. rudzi mutsva tsaona inoratidza nyika womunhu womukati.

Culture Ancient Greece, mune pfupi, ari dzekare nguva iri kuedza munhumbi zvakadzama uye kupindura dzakawanda mibvunzo husingaperi. In ichi "kudzidza" zvaisanganisira dzakadaro sezvo mabhuku, uzivi, unyanzvi. Nevadetembi uye vadetembi, vanofunga, uye vaimbi - zvose vakaedza kunzwisisa kusiyana kwenyika uye kuti kupa uchenjeri nezvizvarwa.

unyanzvi

The kupatsanura inobva unyanzvi muhari kupenda zvinhu. Greek (Achaian-Minoan) nguva kunotangira Mycenaean kana waenda nebudiriro aivapo pazvitsuwa, uye kwete muBalkan Peninsula.

Chaizvoizvo tsika Girisi yekare, tsanangudzo iyo ratinoparidza munyaya ino pfupi achiumbwa panoperera mumireniyamu yechipiri BC. The Zvivako zvikuru yekare vaiva netemberi (semuenzaniso, Fehr Apollo temberi pachitsuwa) uye seinäkartta midziyo. Nokuti ekupedzisira chakanangana muenzaniso muchimiro nyore geometric zvitarisiko. The chikuru zvokuridzira vemifananidzo munguva iyi vaiva vatongi uye compasses.

Munguva zvekare nguva, yakatanga kumativi remakore rechinomwe BC, unyanzvi hunowedzera yepamusoro uye ushingiwo. Corinth anooneka dema lacquered Ceramics, kubva muIjipiti vakakwereta mamiriro vanhu vanoratidzwa mumidziyo uye reliefs. Kune vanonzi zvekare kunyemwerera panguva zvivezwa, izvo vari kuva zvoga.

Munguva dzekare nguva iri "rekrisoriti" mapurani. The Doric Style kuchatsiviwa Ionic uye kuKorinde. Pane kutanga kushandisa reraimu machena uye zvivako zvivezwa huchawedzera Airy. Vapedza ichi civilizational chakajairika kuna echiGiriki, ichatonga zvine mbiri hwacho Aleksandra Makedonskogo.

Nhasi, munyika dzakawanda masangano kudzidza tsika Greece yekare - zvishomanana vana, vachiri kuyaruka zvizere uye zvikuru nevatsvakurudzi. Asi kunyange vavariro dzakanaka, tisinganyatsonzwisisi kugamuchira zvinhu kutisiira nevamiririri vanhu kwezuva.

mafungiro

Kunyange Nezvekwakabva shoko rokuti - Greek. Ndero ane rudo simba nouchenjeri. Ndosaka pose yekare, ivo vaionekwa vanhu vakawanda vakadzidza zvikuru.

Nhasi, isu handiyeuki chinhu weMesopotamia kana Ijipiti, masayendisiti, vaongorori vanoziva Roman Unit, asi mazita dzechiGiriki pamiromo wose. Protagoras uye Democritus, Thales uye Achibvuma pfungwa yaPythagoras, Socrates uye Plato, Epicurus uye Heraclitus - vakaita abatsira zvikuru tsika nyika, muchifumiswa kubudikidza migumisiro kuedza ake ave nebudiriro, isu vachiri kushandisa kwavo kubudirira.

The Pythagoreans Somuenzaniso, basa absolutized nhamba munyika yedu. Vaidavira kuti vanogona kwete chete kushandiswa kutsanangura zvose, asi kufanotaura nezveramangwana. VaSophist kazhinji akateerera nyika munhu womukati. Welcome kunorondedzerwa navo sezvo chinhu chiri chakanaka, uye zvakaipa - chinhu kana chiitiko chinokonzera kutambura.

Democritus uye Epicurus vakava dzidziso atomism, ndizvo zvakaita nyika inoumbwa miniscule zvokutanga nezvimedu vane kuvapo hunoratidzwa chete pashure nokugadzirwa kwakaitwa maikorosikopu.

Socrates akatendeuka ake achengetedzwe nevafungi kubva cosmology kuti kudzidza murume, uye Plato idealized nyika pfungwa, kukurukura chete chaihwo.

Saka, tinoona kuti zvinoitwa tsika Girisi yekare, muna pfupi, airatidza kuburikidza prism hwemazuva maonero youzivi upenyu.

mitambo

Vakanguva muGreece kwenguva refu kurangarira zvinoshamisa kunzwa kuti munhu zvakaitika, apo panguva dzemitambo. acoustics mashiripiti ake, izvo kunyange nhasi sekuti chishamiso, kunoita mwoyo kwezviuru zvemakore. mamiriro ichi, umo vanopfuura gumi nevaviri series, dariro iri pachena mhepo, uye vateereri agere pamugumo nzvimbo, unogona kunzwa sei mari inowira pachikuva. Hachisi chinhu ouinjiniya chinoshamisa?

Mitambo kugutsikana kwakanga zvishoma zvinonakidza. Zvino aizivikanwa rokuItari commedia dell'arte yakatanga nekuda dzenhoroondo Greek yemitambo. Zvigadziriswe vatama girl kushandisa zvinogumbura uye nenhumbi, inonzi "Deus Aimbova machina", vakavazunzira vateereri yavo asingatsananguriki.

Saka, tinoona kuti tsika muGirisi yekare, zvishoma pamusoro apa, akaumba hwaro ounyanzvi ano, uzivi, sainzi, uye magariro masangano. Kana kwete vaGiriki vekare, zviri kujeka chii yaizova nzira ano upenyu.