Crimea kwakaita accession kuRussia pasi Catherine 2: History

Muna 1475 yose kumahombekombe uye makomo chikamu kuCrimea yakanga yakatora neDare hweTurkey. Apa kuti vamwe Peninsula nhengo Crimean Khanate, rwakazokura makore matatu ayo muranda, zvakanaka-akavamba nhoroondo panotaurwa kweGungwa Dema se "Turkish womukati gungwa", uyo, chaizvoizvo, ndizvo matatu akatevera emakore. Panyaya iyi, muCrimea wacho accession kuRussia pasi Catherine 2 kusangana kupfuura zvokukurumidzira zvinodiwa Russian vatorwa wokuti nguva.

Faniro zvinosiyana upenyu

Pashure pokuwa Yechinwiwa Horde kuRussia Kunyanya acuteness basa raiva kudzorera kupinda kweGungwa Dema, iyo iripo panguva Kievan Rus uye akavharwa kuti pamwe pokugadzwa wechiTatar-Mongol joko. Ita zvakanga zvakakodzera kutanga muna zvoupfumi nezvido, sezvo nomuGungwa Black zvaikosha dzaishandiswa pakutengeserana muMediterranean munyika.

Uyezve, zvakanga zvakafanira kuti aparadze Krymskoe Hanstvo, uyo ndima kwemazana emakore akawanda vachirwisa zvainanga chaiva akakunda varanda uye zvimwe dzavo Sale Constantinople. Maererano Masvomhu masayendisiti, anopfuura makore 300 asati accession of Crimea kuRussia pasi Catherine 2, pamisika kweTurkey muranda akatuma vanhu dzinenge mamiriyoni 3.

Yokutanga kuedza kugadzirisa zvinetso Crimean

Kuedza mukudzidzira kuCrimea akaita kakawanda. Zvakakwana kuyeuka danidziro Peter I muna 1696-1698 biennium. kunyange kuchiguma ari kubatwa zviri nhare Azov, asi akasarudza muGungwa Black rose nyaya. Ushe Anny Ioannovny mauto Russian kaviri achikunda akapinda Peninsula: muna 1735, pasi murayiro B. H. Miniha, uye makore mana gare gare ─ Field Marshal P. P. Lassi. Zvisinei, nemukutambudzika vakamanikidzwa shure nokuda kwokushayiwa zvitengeswa uye matenda yakavapo panhengo mauto.

A mukana chaiye kuita kupambwa Crimea akaonekwa kamwe chete yechipiri yezana XVIII remakore, New Russia yakaumbwa, raisanganisira nzvimbo yakakura Northern Sea Black, yakatora kuRussia munguva Russian-Turkish hondo. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti kubvira zvakatanga nhoroondo annexation pakati Crimea kuRussia kubudikidza Catherine 2. Uchishandisa New Russia sechinhu springboard mamwe mberi, mukuru-mu-Chief Army VM Dolgoruky muna 1771, ava vakakwanisa kuputsa kurwisa ari kutsigira kuCrimea uye kusimbisa mukati memiganhu yawo.

Independent Krymskoe Hanstvo

Zvisinei, kuti annexation pakati Crimea kuRussia pasi Catherine 2, zvishoma anotsanangurwa pazasi, akanga pashure rimwe danho rinokosha chaizvo, iyo zvinosiyana kudiwa wandei ezvinhu enyika neechiuto nguva. Mugumisiro mukukunda maoko Russian muhondo pamwe Turkey yakanga yakasainwa muna 1772 Karasubazarskogo chibvumirano, inozivisa yakazvimirira Khanate pamusoro Crimea, riri pasi patronage weRussia.

Akapedza makore maviri Russian-Turkish hondo kwakaratidza kuguma utongi hweOttoman mu Peninsula uye akazarura kuti Russia akanga akamirirwa kwenguva refu kuenda Sea Black. Kunyange zvakadaro, nokubudirira vaiva chete nehafu-chiyero uye haagoni kunzi sezvo yokupedzisira Mutongo Crimea nyaya.

The enyika neechiuto vachinetsana Turkey

Sezvinogona kuoneka kubva arambe Catherine 2, wakati yakawana rusununguko kubva Crimean Khanate hweOttoman Empire, haana kusiya pfungwa accession yake nezvinhu zvake. Izvi asangana zvido Russia, nekuti Peninsula yakanga inokosha zveupfumi uye nemauto-enyika kukosha yose nyika. Zvisinei, Turkey aifarira chaizvo ari kudzorerwa kwavo kwaizoita muCrimea. Vose anorwisana mapato vakashanda chaizvo kuti awane zvaaida zvinangwa, uye nokuda kwechikonzero ichi hondo pakati hweOttoman Empire uye Russia panguva iyoyo havana simba.

Muna November 1776 muviri refutenendi mukuru A. A. Prozorovskogo kupinda Crimea, vakanonga kuzvidzivirira chinzvimbo Perekop. To ake rubatsiro kubva Moscow kudzidzinga yakasvika Division pasi murayiro A. V. Suvorova. Joint Kuedza vakakwanisa kuputsa kurwisa mauto ari Crimean Khan Giray Davlet uye kumumanikidza kuti vatizire Bakhchisarai, uye ipapo kutizira Constantinople. Panzvimbo akasarudzwa sezvo mutongi mutsva Shahin Giray, uyo akava rokupedzisira munhoroondo yacho Crimean Khan.

Tatar Khan, kufunga European

Nesananguro munhu uyu akwanise kuti annexation pamusoro Crimea kuRussia zvikurukuru kupfurikidza Catherine 2. Kusiyana vamutangira, aiva murume European chaizvo mafungiro. Pashure pokudzidziswa Venice uye Thessaloniki, mitauro Shahin Giray nyika dzakati wandei, mitemo vari haagarimo mukati wechiTatar tsika.

Zvisinei, kuedza kuchinja muchiuto, yaiona uye zvoupfumi of Khanate iri European netsika kwakakonzera kuti kusagutsikana vemo uye rakavhurika kumukira, iro akakwanisa kudzvinyirira chete nokubatsirwa bayonets Russian. The inokosha basa pakugadzirisa kukonana airidza kugadzwa pambiru mutungamiri zvose Crimean mauto A. V. Suvorova.

Crimean hava-

Kupatsanura nharaunda yose Peninsula 4 miganhu maruwa woiswa atora nhare yakawanda mapoka, akanga aibvisa zvose vokuTurkey nevatsigiri vavo vaibva nevaitonga okupedzisira mikana kupesvedzera upenyu Crimea yomukati. Raiva chinokosha danho kurutivi annexation pamusoro Crimea kuRussia pasi Catherine 2.

Chokutanga pakati pavagere Peninsula pasi netsvimbo youshe Empress kweRussia vakatamira uye vakatamira kunzvimbo itsva ayo vamiririri vaKristu vakawanda ─ Georgians, vokuArmenia nevaGiriki. Vakanga zvakapiwa kuburikidza nyika pamuromo Danube uye pamhenderekedzo yeGungwa Azov. Panguva uye chirimo 1778 kubva Crimea 31 zviuru. Man, izvo zvakakonzera chakakomba kurwadzisa pfuma Khan vakaenda, nekuti vanhu ava ndivo chikamu kupfuura zvemari kushingaira vemo.

Report kuna Prince G. A. Potomkina

Muna 1781, vokuTurkey akanga atsamwiswa imwe mukumukira vemo, vasingagutsikani mirairo, akasuma Shahin Giray, uye akanga zvakare kuti anokunyaradza vapanduki varwi Russian, nguva ino pasi murayiro Rake Serene nokukwirira Prince G. A. Potomkina.

Kwomushumo vake mambo, akanyora kuti, maererano ake zvakawanika, ruzhinji vagari vemo rinoreva chaizvo noruvengo Shahin Giray uye rwaizoda kuva pasi Russian protectorate. Pasina mubvunzo, kutaura uku Potemkin akabatanidzwa basa iri annexation pakati kuCrimea kuRussia pasi Catherine 2.

The gwaro, vakasarudza njodzi Crimea

Kuva kure VANOONA wezvematongerwe enyika, G. A. Potomkin akanzwisisa kuti nokuda kwebasa rinofanira Crimea kuna Russian Empire, sezvo zvimwe ndima yayo aigona kuva nyore springboard yemberi aggressions pamusoro chikamu hweTurkey. Zvakanga zvikuru pachena zvoupfumi kukosha yakaorera nyika Crimean upfumi vose Northern Sea Black. Uye pakupedzisira, zvingadai vapedza kuwedzera reRussia kumaodzanyemba ayo dzinongoitika miganhu. Serene nokukwirira Prince wake maonero ataurwa zvizere mune gwaro vakatumira kwavari December 1782 kusvika Kesari.

Pashure pokuongorora zvinyorwa kugamuchira, zviri Empress paakapindura akapa yaaida masimba aro akafara ezvidzidzo nemimba uye mvumo yake chirongwa. Nokudaro, annexation pakati Crimea kuRussia pasi Catherine 2 (gore 1783), kukosha ndekwaJehovha Prince Grigoriyu Aleksandrovichu Potomkinu, nokuti raakanga akapiwa wenyaya Tauride (Tavriya ─ ndiro zita yekare Crimea).

Preparation yezviitiko zvinokosha

Musi annexation pakati Crimea kuRussia kubudikidza Catherine 2 inofanira kukurukurwa sezvinoitwa 8 (19) mu April 1783, apo autocrat runoenzanirana Manifesto yakanga yakasainwa. Zvisinei, panguva iyoyo, iye akarayira kuvanzika semazuva yezwi Peninsula nenhumbi vagari vemo pasi Russian tsvimbo haazovi chiitiko chaicho.

By nenguva ino upenyu enyika zviri Crimean Khanate achinja yekudyidzana. Saka vakavengwa vanhu Şahin Giray akamanikidzwa kusiya mutongi mukuru, uye nzvimbo yake yakanga isina munhu. Izvi zvakabatsira Potemkin achishandisa vamiririri vavo kunyengetedza mutongo vepamusoro of Khanate zvakanakira kuchinja pasi protectorate weRussia.

Zvichitevera izvi, zvokukurumidzira matanho ari urongwa iri kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva chikamu Peninsula chiteshi raitwa pokugara ramangwana rengarava Black Sea Fleet. Kwapera gore, pane guta nenhare yakavakwa, akadana ari behest of Empress Sevastopol.

Mhiko yokuvimbika kuna Russia

Pakupedzisira, musi waJune 28 (July 9), muna 1783 chepamusoro Manifesto yakaitwa pachena. Saka kekutanga (pamwe Catherine 2) accession Crimea kuna Russia aiva fait accompli. Zviitiko ino nguva, apo nzvimbo iyi vvtorichno akapfuura kuna Russian Federation, anozivikanwa nevakawanda, saka kugara pamusoro pavo, hatisi. Kana nguva, pazuva Serene nokukwirira Prince Potemkin, vakamira pamusoro pamawere AK-Hayani, vakatora mhiko kubva nyaya itsva Her Imperial rwaChangamire. Chokutanga akapika muromo yomunharaunda munharaunda uye avo vafundisi, uye shure kwavo nechekare - vanhuwo zvose. Kusvikira zvino yakaramba kare gwaro ─ Manifesto pamusoro accession pamusoro Crimea kuRussia pasi Catherine 2 mapikicha ayo akapa munyaya.