Cortinarius akanaka - a chinouraya chakuvhe. Description uye pikicha

Makanzwa chakuvhe ichi sezvo cortinarius? Uye zvinoitika kuti unouraya! Details anogona kuwanikwa munyaya.

Cortinarius yakanaka - zvinouraya muchetura howa

Photos of chakuvhe anomiririrwa kuti dzako munyaya ino. Cortinarius yakanaka (tsvuku) - iri uturu howa genus cortinarius, mhuri cortinariaceae. In vanhu, izvozvo anonziwo pribolotnikom. Havagoni kudya mbishi kana yakabikwa chimiro, nokuti zvinokachidza chipo mavari, kutsamwisa pave renal kukundikana. genus ichi chinosanganisira zvinenge 40 marudzi. Vamwe vanonzi chepfu, vamwe dzinodyiwa uye vamwe - conditionally dzinodyiwa. By kunze zviratidzo howa akadaro chaizvo yakafanana, saka ivo kazhinji kuvhiringidzwa. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti zviri nani kwete kuunganidza pasina ruzivo zvakakodzera uye cortinarius, uye hunokuvadza zvarwo. Uye kuti vasarudze kushandisa howa kudya, unofanira kuva 100% nechokwadi iyo mhando wamunowana cortinarius.

Kusvikira 1950s zvaifungwa kuti howa izvi zvinogona kutorwa sezvokudya. Yakanga chete somugumisiro vakawandisa vakaudza zviitiko muna 1957 pamwe muchetura cortinarius Orange-tsvuku, uye gare gare cortinarius yakanaka, kwakasarudzwa kutsvaga kuti chakuvhe kuti chinouraya muchetura. kwemarudzi maviri aya ndiyo inonyanya muchetura.

chitarisiko

Upamhi chivharo anoda kubva 4 9 cm inotanga kubva conical chimiro mugomba sandarara inoyerera pakuparadzira, pakati pamwe tubercle. Chokunze paiva akaoma, velvety uye matte ane fibrous marongerwo. Color - yakatsvukuruka-Orange kana yakatsvukuruka mashava, musimboti ndechokuti zvasviba. Pamusoro kuonana nemvura asingagari kuwedzera kukura.

Mahwendefa wakasimwa zvisingawanzoitiki, ivo paupamhi, mukobvu. Pakutanga, Ruvara ngowani, ipapo kushandurwa kuti Tan. Young howa kunogona kuonekwa chifukidziro arachnoid yellow-ocher ruvara.

Gumbo cylindrical, kuwedzera kana tapering nechepasi, pamwe kureba kwarwo 60-100 mm uye Ukobvu 4-10 mm. On the fibrous unhani anogona kuonekwa makakombama mabhandi anenge tsvuku ruvara.

The pulp ane rakajeka orenji kana yeyero mashava tint vane zvakanaka nezvakaipa.

Next pamusoro penharo yakatsvukuruka mashava ruvara. saizi yavo - 8-8.5 microns, chimiro - paupamhi elliptical kana zvinenge idenderedzwa, pamwe warty chokunze rukoko. Heylotsistidy anenge usambofa kuitika.

apo inokura

Cortinarius akanaka - a chakuvhe inouraya kuti zvinowanikwa Europe munzvimbo dzakawanda. Munzvimbo yedu vari kukura nechepakati kunzvimbo, uyewo kuchamhembe. Ungacherechedza notumwe idzi dzemakomo, pamusoro mujinga. Ivo chaizvo isingawanzowanikwi.

How kukura

Vazhinji chakuvhe ichi zvakunokura nemiouki uye mumasango ekare coniferous, apo kwakapararira chiedza jecha nevhu. Raw zvakasvibirira spruce matanda chete sphagnum chikwindi zvakare akanakira kukura.

Chepfu spores zvinogona akaparadza kune dzimwe nzvimbo nomunhu mhepo murukova uye zvichiguma tactile kuonana. Mycorrhiza siyana pamwe spruce.

Fruiting kubva July, kusvikira paumbwe pachishandiswa wokutanga chando. Near cortinarius namasumbu akanaka anogona kuziva mamwe marudzi notumwe yacho genus.

Cortinarius yakanaka - zvinouraya muchetura howa: Types

Rinogona kuwanikwa mundima yedu uye 40 mhando notumwe pamusoro genus, uye 2 chete zvacho dzinodyiwa. Vamwe vavo vane ngozi zvokuti ivo vanoti kuti pantherina Amanita. Ruzhinji rwakapindura howa inongova inedible.

Find musiyano pakati zvipenyu izvi zvose unogona chete nezvokurara, zvichireva kuti zviri nani kuti vawane kumativi kwavari.

zvakafanana mhando

Cortinarius gomo - mumwe chepfu howa, kushandiswa izvo zvingaita kuti rufu. Noupamhi hwayo musoro - 30-80 neMM, kutanga zviri convex, uye kana chakuvhe ukakwegura, zvino rava sandara chimiro, nechepakati ndechokuti sandara ano. Rokunze rukoko - yakaoma. Ruvara zvichisiyana yero mashava kuti yakatsvukuruka shava. Kukwirira rutsoka - 40-90 neMM, uye yakafara - 10-20 mm. Nechepasi payo kare. Pemvura fibrous chivharo uye makumbo.

Cortinarius dzinodyiwa - kubva howa mhando chinogona kudyiwa. zita rake rechipiri - dzizere. heti yake 50-80 millimeter gobvu dzine chivako pamwe curled micheto pasi. Sezvo iye awana sandara, akaora mwoyo zvishoma pamusoro upenyu kutenderera fomu. ruvara wayo greyish-chena, uye pose - nyoro. The gumbo ane mumhu 20-30 mm uye wakafara makubhiti 15-20 neMM, zviri gobvu, pasina vachikotama.

Cortinarius madzihwa - conditionally dzinodyiwa howa. Hazvifaniri kuvhiringidzwa cortinarius mucous. The chivharo ane dhayamita pamusoro 100-120 mm. Pakutanga ine chimiro bhero, izvo pakupedzisira warasa ane curved mucheto. Ruvara chivharo kunosiyana-siyana pakati yero, mashava uye mashava. The yose howa wakafukidzwa madzihwa. Gumbo inosvika 200 mm pakureba, afanane shank. ruvara Its - chena, vanosangana ane rinokwanisa kucheneruka tinge. On the gumbo anogona kuziva nezvimedu muchimiro nemavhinga uye marin'i.

Pane imwe yakafanana nechepfu inouraya mhando - Cortinarius splendens. Hazvina zvisinganyanyi kuitika. Its nyore chaizvo kuwana iri rakajeka tsvuku ngowani, anodzivirira madzihwa. Inowanikwa mumasango coniferous.

Zvinouraya webcaps (zvinouraya muchetura howa, zvakafanana mhando zvange akapa pfungwa dzako pamusoro) rinogonawo kuvhiringidzwa vamwe akakodzera rinodyiwa kubudikidza notumwe. It hygrophorus naka, mlechnik camphor uye kutaipa Armillaria - armillyariya glubnieva. Musiyano mukuru kubva muchetura howa Armillaria inowanika chake gumbo ocher mabhandi uye tsvuku mahwendefa - kubva Armillaria yatochena kana zvacheneruka tsvuku.

kupatsanura

Chiizve zvinozivikanwa pamusoro chakuvhe ichi sezvo inouraya webcaps? Zvinouraya uturu howa, kupatsanura zvinosanganisira zvinotevera mashoko:

• Superkingdom - eukaryotes.
• Umambo - howa.
• Subkingdom - yepamusoro notumwe.
• Division - Basidiomycetes.
• Davi - Agarikomikotina.
• Kirasi - agaricomycetes.
• Subclass - agaricales.
• Family - cortinariaceae.
• Rod - cortinarius.
• Subgenus - Leprotsibe.
• View - cortinarius yakanaka.
• World Scientific Name: Cortinarius rubellus Cooke.

zvine chepfu

Cortinarius akanaka - isingawanzowanikwi zvinouraya uturu howa, ine simba chaizvo toxin polypeptide yakaoma - orellanine. Haadi kurasikirwa unhu rayo pashure processing chepfu dzakakwirira tembiricha Akariyanika nenzira acidic ezvinhu, uye nezvimwe kuomesa. The toxicity ipfupi kwazvo chete pasi pokudzora chezuva uye ultraviolet nemwaranzi. chakuvhe ichi chine 7.5 MG orellanine pa 1 g chakuvhe akaomeswa.

Nyanzvi dzinodavira kuti kuwedzera orellanine, howa zvimwe 2 polypeptide - kortinarin A uye B, kutsanangura imwe muzvizhinji kuti kuratidzirana mune murwere zvichemo. Vagari Kuvapo izvi zvitatu zvinoumba vanozivikanwa maviri chete siyana ari notumwe mhuri: ngozi webcaps (yakatsvukuruka) uye Orange-tsvuku.

Huru Zviratidzo, uye sei nokukurumidza vanoonekwa

Nokuda guru nhamba yezvidzidzo, zvikaonekwa kuti huru muviri, izvo chinobata orellanine vari wotungira. Nemhaka rwakashodoka waro metabolites dzokupisa, itsvo epithelial masero zvibereko vakasununguka radicals, pane kuparadzwa muchitokisi membranes, chinovhiringidza pamusoro alkaline phosphatase uye generating mapuroteni, uyewo kukuvara DNA uye RNA ezvirevo.

Kuvadza muviri kunogona kukonzera kunyange shoma chigadzirwa. 40 g dzichangobva howa, Eating, kunogona kutungamirira kurufu. Ndicho chikonzero kuponesa upenyu hwake inokurudzirwa kuteerera cortinarius brownish-tsvuku ruvara, uye unganidza howa zvachose vakanyumwa.

The kunotoda Mufananidzo chirwere orellaninovogo zvikuru pakuti munhu susceptibility kusvika toxin. Kana nomuchetura pamwe ngozi webcaps pane matanho mana chirwere.

Special ngozi nomuchetura orellanine ndechokuti zviratidzo vari pamusana pokugara dzaro muviri kunogona chete kuitika pashure refu kana nguva yapera, uye vose uchakanganwa nezvekushandiswa zvakachengeteka howa. Pane nguva apo zviratidzo kuitika mazuva 7-14. Panguva muchetura murwere tinganetseka kuda kurutsa, kudiwa yakakura nokuda chinodururwa, kunzwa kuoma uye nokupisa mumuromo, panogona kunge kurutsa, kuratidzwa inorwadza mudumbu. mamiriro Izvi agare 1 kusvika 2 weeks. Kana nguva haakumbiri kubatsirwa, hazvina warambidzwa murufu. In rinokosha zviitiko, kana murwere ezvinhu ari kwazvo, rufu anogona kuitika kunyange pashure 5 months pashure musi kushandisa muchetura howa.

Kana pfupi-zvinouraya Danho, mukati memazuva 2-3, inoumbwa chakasimba renal kukundikana pamwe refu oligoanuricheskim rwakazara. Most vanotambura nezvirwere vana uye vakwegura.

Kana nephropathy iri rakaramba kwenguva refu, muna 30-50% nyaya, unoteverwa paumbwe chirwere muchimiro itsvo kukundikana.