Copper oxide

Cuprum (Cu) inoreva huwandu hwezvinhu zvakaderera zvesimbi. Iyo inoratidzwa nekuumbwa kwemakemikari akabatanidzwa nezvidimbu zveiyo oxidation +1 uye +2. Saka, semuenzaniso, maviri oxidhi, iyo inosanganiswa yezvinhu zviviri zveCu uye oksijeni O: nehuni hutsika nyika +1 - mhangura oxidhe Cu2O uye nyika yehuniyidhe +2 - copper oxide CuO. Pasinei nokuti iyo inosanganisira imwechete yemakemikari, asi chimwe nechimwe chazvo chine maitiro ake chaiwo. Muchitonhorera, simbi inonyanyisa inopindirana nemhepo yekumhepo, yakafukidzwa nefirimu yeridhide, iyo inodzivisa kuwedzera huniji hwe cup cup. Kana kupisa, chinhu chakareruka neodinal number 29 mumutsetse weperiodic chakanyatsosanganiswa. Mukuwedzera, mhangura (II) oxide inogadzirwawo: 2Cu + O2 → 2CuO.

Iyo nitrous oxide isimba tsvuku yakasvibiswa neholar mass ya 143.1 g / mol. Iyo kemikari ine nheyo yechando ye 1235 ° C, nzvimbo yekubikira ya 1800 ° C. Iyo haiparadzi mumvura, asi inoputika mune acid. Copper oxide (I) inodhindurwa muchinangwa cheammonia (concentrated), nokudaro ichigadzira chisina kumira sora ye [Cu (NH3) 2] +, iyo inoshandiswa nyore nyore mumhepo kune bluu-violet ammonium complex [Cu (NH3) 4 (H2O) 2] 2+, iyo inopera mu hydrochloric acid kuti iite CuCl2. Mune nhoroondo ye semiconductor physics, Cu2O ndeimwe yezvinhu zvakanyanya kudzidza.

Copper oxide (I), inozivikanwawo sehemioxide, ine zvinhu zvinokosha. Inogona kuwanikwa nekugadzirisa midziyo yesimbi: 4Cu + O2 → 2 Cu2O. Admixtures yakadai semvura uye acids inokanganisa chiyero chekuita izvi, pamwe nekuwedzera huniyidation kune bivalent oxide. Iyo mhangura yendarira inogona kuparara mu sulfuric acid, nokudaro ichigadzira simbi yakachena uye munyu: H2SO4 + Cu2O → Cu + CuSO4 + H2O. Muchidimbu chakafanana, iyo oxide inopindirana nehuwandu hwehutayidi hwesimbi +1 pamwe nemamwe oksijeni-ane acid. Apo hemioxide inobatanidza ne halogen-ine acid, monovalent iron salts inoumbwa: 2HCl + Cu2O → 2CuCl + H2O.

Pane mhangura yeridhi (I) mumasikirwo emhando yemuorivhi (iyi iri zita risina nguva, pamwe neruby Cu, somuenzaniso), inonzi "Kuprite" mineral. Dzidzo yake inotora nguva refu. Inogona kuwanikwa zvakakwana pamatambo akadzika kana pasi pemhepo yakanyanya yehinijeni. Hemioksid inowanzoshandiswa sefungicide, sechinhu chinonzi pigment, se anti-fouling agent mumvura iri pasi pemvura kana marita, uye inoshandiswawo sechinhu chinogadzirisa.

Zvisinei, kutaridzirwa kune chinhu ichi nemakemikari mapupa Cu2O pamuviri anogona kuva nengozi. Kana yakanyungudutswa, inokonzera kupfupika kwemhepo, kukwezva, uye kusuruvara uye kuputika kwepurogiramu yokufema. Kana ikagadzirwa, inovhiringidza gumbo repamuviri, iro rinosangana nekurutsira, kurwadziwa uye chirwere.

Iyo yakakwirira yakanyanyisa yemhangura mukuonekwa yakaita mupfu kubva pahutonda kusvika wakaita. Muzvisikwa, nenzira yakachena, inoitika semaminari "Tenorite". Iko kunyauka ndeye 1326 ° C, nzvimbo yekubikira iri 2000 ° C. Inopinda mumvura, doro, ammonium hydroxide, ammonium carbonate solution. Inogadziriswa mumvura yakawanda yeammonium chloride uye potassium cyanide. Iyi yakasviba yakasimba inogona kuwanikwa nekupisa Cu mumhepo. Zvisinei, munyaya iyi, zvakare yakagadzirwa ne-oxide yeCu. Kugadzirira kweCoO kunokwanisika nekupisa mafomu:

• Copper (II) nitrate 2Cu (NO3) 2 → 4 NO2 + O2 + 2CuO;

• Copper (II) hydroxide Cu (OH) 2 → H2O + CuO;

• Copper (II) carbonate CuCO3 → CO2 + CuO.

Cuprum (II) oksidi inokosha, saka inopera mumaminerari acids (hydrochloric, sulfuric uye nitric) kuti iwane bivalent Cu salt:

• 2HCl + CuO → CuCl2 + H2O;

• H2SO4 + CuO → CuSO4 + H2O;

• 2HNO3 + CuO → Cu (NO3) 2 + H2O.

Inopindurwa nemhangura (II) oxide nealkali yakanyanyisa kuumba munyu: 2 KOH + CuO + H2O → K2 [Cu (OH) 4].

Oxide inogonawo kuderedzwa kuva metallic Cu kuburikidza nehupenyu ne hydrogen kana carbon monoxide :

• H2 + CuO → Cu + H2O;

• CO + CuO → Cu + CO2.

Mhangura (II) oxidhi inoshandiswa mumakeramiki (se pigment) kuti ibudise glaze (bhuruu, ruvara uye rutsvuku, uye dzimwe nguva pini, grey kana rima). Inoshandiswawo sekuwedzera kwezvokudya mumhuka kuderedza kushayikwa kwe cuprum mumuviri. Ichi ndicho chinhu chinonyangadza chinodiwa pakugadzira zvigadzirwa zvemashini. Iyo inoshandiswa kubudisa mabheteri akaoma, kuti ibudise dzimwe Cu salts. Iyo CuO compound inoshandiswawo mumuchengetedzo wemhangura alloys.

Mhedzisiro yemakemikari inokonzerwa CuO inogonawo kuva yengozi mumuviri womunhu. Inhalation inokonzera kutsamwa kwemapapu. Copper (II) oksidi inogona kukonzera fivha yemhepo inopisa (MFF). Cu oxide inokuvadza kuora kweganda, pangava nezvinetso nemaonero. Apo inonyorerwa, sa hemioxide, inotungamirira kune chepfu, iyo inofambidzana nezviratidzo nenzira yekurutsira uye kurwadziwa.