Werner Heisenberg kusaziva chokwadi

Nheyo yekusava nechokwadi ndeyegege yemagetsi, asi kuti tinyatsoparadzanisa, ngatishandirei kukura kwefizikiki yose. Isaac Newton naAlbert Einstein, zvichida nyanzvi dzinozivikanwa zvikuru dzefizikiri munhoroondo yevanhu. Wekutanga pamagumo ezana remakore re XVII yakaita mitemo ye classical mechanics, iyo inoteerera miviri yose yakapoteredza isu, mapuraneti anowanikwa mune inertia uye pasi. Kubudirira kwemitemo ye classic mechanics kwakatungamirira nyika yesayenzi kusvika pakuguma kwezana remakore rechigumi nemapfumbamwe kusvika pakuona kuti mitemo yose yekutanga yezvakasikwa yakatozaruka, uye munhu anogona kutsanangura chero chinhu chipi zvacho muzvinhu zvose.

Nheyo yekusiyanana kweEinstein

Sezvazvakaitika, panguva iyoyo chete chidimbu chechando chakawanikwa, kupfuurira mberi kwakaisa masayendisiti matsva, zvisingatendi zvachose. Nokudaro, pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi20 rakawanikwa kuti kuparidzirwa kwechiedza (iyo ine nguva yakakwana ye 300,000 km / s) haiti kuteerera mitemo yeNewtonian mechanics. Maererano nemafungiro aIsaka Newton, kana mutumbi kana mhepo inogumuchirwa nemhepo inofambisa, nguva yayo ichaenzana nehuwandu hwemhepo inotyisa uye inofanana nayo. Zvisinei, mazhenje emadzimai aya aive akasiyana. Kuongororwa kwakawanda navo kwakaratidza kuti mu electrodynamics, vaduku panguva iyoyo, sainzi, mitemo yakasiyana zvakasiyana siyana inoshanda. Kare kare Albert Einstein, pamwe chete neGermany nyanzvi yefieniki Max Planck, vakataura nheyo yake yakakurumbira yezvinyorwa, izvo zvinoratidzira maitiro e-photons. Zvisinei, kwatiri isu zvino hausi kunyanya kukosha kwekuti panguva iyoyo yakaratidzwa kusagadzikana kwemashoko maviri efizikiki, kubatanidza Iyo, nenzira, masayendisiti ari kuedza kusvikira nhasi.

Kuberekwa kweWinum Mechanics

Nhema dzezvose-dzakapoteredza classic mechanics dzakagumisa kupera kwekugadzirwa kweatomu. Ernest Rutherford kuongororwa muna 1911 kwakaratidza kuti atomu ine zvinyorwa zviduku (zvinonzi proton, neutron uye electron). Uyezve, ivo vakarambawo kutaurirana pasi pemitemo yeNewton. Kudzidza kwezvinhu izvi zviduku zvishoma uye zvakakonzera kuve nekutsva kwemashure emagetsi ekudzidzira nyika. Nokudaro, zvinogoneka kuti kunzwisisa kukuru kwezvinhu zvose hakurevi chete uye kwete zvikuru mukuongorora nyeredzi, asi mukudzidza kwezvinhu zviduku zvikuru zvinopa mufananidzo wakaisvonaka kupfuura wepasi pa micro level.

Heisenberg kusaziva chokwadi

Muma1920s, quantum mechanics yakatora matanho ayo okutanga, uye masayendisiti chete
Vakazive kuti chii chinoitika kwatiri. Muna 1927 mutori wenyika yeGermany Werner Heisenberg akaronga mutemo wake unozivikanwa wekusatenda, kuratidzira chimwe chekusiyana kukuru pakati pe microcosm uye nharaunda yakajairika. Iyo inowanikwa muchokwadi chokuti hazvibviri kuenzana panguva imwecheteyo kutengesa uye nzvimbo yepakati yechinhu chakawanda, nokuti nekuda kwekuyera tinoipikisa, nokuti chiyero pachako chinoitwawo nekubatsirwa kwe quanta. Kana zvakanyatsoteterera: patinoongorora chimwe chinhu mu macrocosm, tinoona chiedza chinoratidzwa kubva pazviri uye pachishandiswa ichi tinogumisa pamusoro payo. Asi muhuwandu hwefizikiki, ikozvino kuitika kwekwenyoro photons (kana zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvekuyera) zvine simba pane ichocho. Nokudaro, kusaziva chokwadi kwakakonzera matambudziko anonzwisisika mukudzidza nekufanotaura kwehutano hwezvakawanda zvezvinhu. Panguva imwe chete, zvinonakidza, zvinogona kuenzana nekukurumidza zvakasiyana kana kuti zvakasiyana-siyana mamiriro emuviri. Asi kana tikayera panguva imwe chete, iyo inowedzera dhigirii yedu, zvishoma tichazoziva nezvemamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo, uye pamwe chete.