Inoshamisa semiconductor device - tunnel diode

Paunenge uchidzidza nzira yekugadziridza kushandiswa kwemazuva ano munzvimbo yekubatana pakati pevhidhiyo dzakasiyana-siyana - semiconductor uye nesimbi, pfungwa yepamusoro yakatangira kuti inobva pane izvo zvinonzi kugadzirisa zvinokonzerwa nevatakuri vemotokari. Zvisinei, panguva iyoyo (1932) uwandu hwekufambiswa kwemakambani emasikonductor hauna kutitendera kuti titsigire kufungidzira kuburikidza neruzivo. Chero muna 1958, scientist wechiJapan ainzi Esaki akakwanisa kuzvisimbisa zvakanakisisa, achigadzira dhiyabhorosi yekutanga. Nemhaka yehupamhi hwahwo hunoshamisa (kunyanya, nekukurumidzira), chigadzirwa ichi chakakonzera vanyori vezvikwata zvakasiyana-siyana zvemichina. Pano zvakakodzera kufanangurira kuti chidimbu chigadzirwa chemagetsi, iyo inobatanidza zvinhu zviviri zvakasiyana mune imwe nyaya, nemhando dzakasiyana dzekutengesa. Nokudaro, magetsi emagetsi anokwanisa kudarika mairi nenzira imwe chete. Izvo polarity reversal inotungamirira ku "kuvhara" kwechidiodhi nekukura kwekudzivirira kwayo. Kuwedzera mhepo kunotungamirira ku "kuparara".

Cherechedza kuti nzira yakadini inoshanda sei. Iyo yekare yekugadzirisa semiconductor device inoshandisa makristasi nehuwandu hwezvisina kuchena zvisingasviki gumi kune simba re-17 (-3 centimita). Uye sezvo iyi parameter yakabatana zvakananga nenhamba yevatengesi vemutoro vasingabhadharwi, zvinowanzoitika kuti iyo yekupedzisira haigoni kuva yakakura pane iyo yakatarwa.

Pane chimiro chinoita kuti zvikwanise kuongorora kuwanda kwepakati pekudenga (shanduko pn):

L = ((E * (Uk-U)) / (2 * Pi * q)) * ((Na + Nd) / (Na * Nd)) *

Ikoko Na naI vari nhamba yevakagamuchira ionized uye vanopa, maererano; Pi-3.1416; Q ndeye kukosha kwemutambo we electron; U is the input voltage; Uk ndiko kukanganisa kunogona muchitsauko chekushandura; E ndiyo kukosha kweiyo dielectric nguva dzose.

Chimwe chikonzero chemuumbi iwoyo ndeyekuti pn junction ye classical diode inoratidzwa nechepasi masimba simba uye ukuru hwakakura. Kuti magetsi ave munzvimbo isina rusununguko, vanoda simba rinowedzera (rinotaurirwa kubva kunze).

Nzira yemodhi inoshandisa mukugadzira kwayo marudzi akadaro e semiconductor anochinja kusvibiswa kune 10 kusvika kune simba 20 (-3 centimita), iyo inenge yakarongeka yakasiyana neyechikoro. Izvi zvinokonzera kuderedza kukuru muhupamhi hwekushanduka, kuwedzera kwakasimba mumasimba emunharaunda munzvimbo yepn nzvimbo uye, sechikonzero, pakuonekwa kwechigadziro chemakona, apo electron haifaniri simba rakawedzerwa kupinda muchikwata cheva valence. Izvi ndechokuti simba rehutachiona harina kuchinja kana chibvumirano ichipfuura. Nzira iyi inogona kusiyaniswa nyore nyore kubva kune yakajairika neyozvino-magetsi. Izvi zvinoita kuti pave nemhando yekuparara pamusoro payo - kukosha kwakanyanya kwekusiyanisa kusagadzikana. Pamusana peizvi, tunnel diodes inowanzoshandiswa mu-high-frequency devices (kuderedza ukuru hwepn gap inogadzira chigadzirwa chakadaro-yakakurisa), yakarurama yekuenzanisa midziyo, jenereta uye, hongu, teknolojia yekombiyuta.

Kunyange zvazvo ikozvino iri mumugwagwa wekunamatira inokwanisa kufamba mumativi ose maviri, nehutano hwakananga hwechidiodhi, kuwedzera mukati memunharaunda yekushandura kunowedzera, kuderedza nhamba ye electrons inokwanisa kugadzirisa. Kuwedzera kwemhepo kunokonzera kukanganisa kwakakwana kwemugodhi wezvino uye mhedzisiro inongowanikwa pane zvakazara zvakapararira (sekushamba kwechidiodhi).

Uyewo pane mumwe mumiriri wezvigadzirwa zvakadai - diode yakadzoka. Iyo ndiyo nzira imwecheteyo, asi yakachinja zvinhu. Musiyano ndewekuti kukosha kwekutengesa kune zvakasvibiswa kushandiswa, umo iyo inowanzogadzirisa chipfeko "inovhara", yakakwirira kudarika iyo yakananga. Izvo zvakasara zvinowirirana nemugonho wedhara: kukurumidza, ruduku rukuru rwemukati, kukwanisa kugadzirisa zvinhu zvinowanika.