Comitia muRoma yekare - chii ichi? Mabasa uye Masimba

Assembly People raiva inokosha nesangano simba muRoma yekare. Nokufamba kukura kwayo statehood vakatora zvakasiyana siyana. Vakadaidzwa comitia. Misangano iyi tora sarudzo hurumende chikuru pamusoro zvemukati uye kwokunze mitemo. Uyezve, magungano Roman vaiva nzvimbo yakabikwa chido pakati akasiyana vachirwa nemamwe matunhu.

Pfungwa yacho comitia

Maererano lexical zvinoreva shoko, comitia muRoma yekare - ndiwo congresses zvevanhu. State mutemo unoti raiva zita iwayo mabasa vanogamuchira pamutemo. Kureva, vakanga anodzivisa kwatangwa kuunganidzwa vanhu.

Comitia muRoma yekare - musangano yaitungamirira wedzimhosva kuvhota pane dzimwe nyaya inokosha munzanga. Mupfungwa iyi, ichi chinoshamisa rekare zvikuru zvakafanana necheSalvic veche. Zvisinei, tsanangudzo kudaro anofukidza kwete siyana comitia (kwaiva matatu). Zviremera aigona kuronga gungano renyika ndiko kuti kungoita kududzira ichi kana kuti chisarudzo chake.

The pakuonekwa comitia

Yokuronda nhoroondo dzekare wehurumende, zvinganzi tsunga kuti comitia muRoma yekare - ndiko kunonyanya Institute yomuka pamusoro Marudzi bumbiro. Nyaya iyi kunokosha zvikuru, sezvo anotsanangura masimba uye mamiriro kumisangano. First akazviratidza kuriatnye comitia, ane zita rinobva pashoko "Curia". Pazuva administrative chikamu kubva kare vaiita Romans zvose. The Hwaro chepamusoro uyu kuva imwe nhangemutange.

Kusvikira VI remakore BC. e. kuriatnye comitia vaiva voga muRoma. Kugadzikana kwakachinja mambo Servius Tullius. Asati kuchinja kodzero kuvhota ari comitia zvaiva chete patricians - vamiririri anokudzwa zvikuru uye simba guta aberekwa. It raiwanzobatana tsika. In Latin shoko "vanhu" chinorehwa dzakaunganidzwa nevanhu chizvarwa - ndiko inenge nguva dzose patricians simba.

Assembly vanhu vokutanga

Comitia, iyo akakoka nhengo curia, aigona sheedzera mutongi chete kuRoma yekare. Kana akanga ndisipo muguta guru, uye zviremera vaifanira kuziva mafungiro patricians, basa iri anoenda Pirato. Mukuwedzera vamiririri anokudzwa mhuri, pane imwe kirasi inokosha iyoyo Rome. Ndivo makasitoma - vagari akasununguka vakapfuura nokuzvidira mutaviridziro anorichengeta yake, nokudaro achiratidza zvichienderana pake. Izvi vagari vomuguta vaisabvumirwa kuvhota ari comitia, asi vakakoniwa akavashanyira sezvo vaoni.

Vanhu Assembly of tsarist nguva akanga inokosha kushanda sarudzo ane gavhuna mutsva. Apo mambo akafa, iye akasarudzwa interrex - nechimbichimbi magistracy. Izvi zvakaitwa nemijenya pakati vagari anokudzwa zvikuru. Interrex, uyewo, akadana comitia muRoma yekare. nhume Iri simba akasungwa kuitika hapana paya pane shanu mazuva afa namambo. Pakupedzisira, ungano yevanhu yokusarudza uyo kwaifanira kuva mutongi inotevera.

kuriatnye sarudzo

Tanga comitia muRoma vakaungana kuvhota bedzi curiae, kwete kuburikidza vagari. Mumwe nemhuri aifanira kusarudza sarudzo yake pashure pezviri kukurukurirana. Muna Curia akanga vachibvumirana (curiae chete 30 vaiva muRoma). Mashoko paungano iri comitia vakapararira kunhivi heralds guta kana lictors - vakuru vehurumende, kuita zvinokosha mirairo mejasitiriti. Sezvo pakanga pasina murau izvozvo zvimwe kuona nzira yezvisikwa suffrage, kushandisa ainakidza mujenya. Narwo inoenderana Ivo vakaratidza pairi curias.

Zvakakosha kusimbisa kuti magungano ipapo Roman vaisabvumirwa kupa chero pachangu. Vaikwanisa chete kubvuma kana kuramba chikumbiro simba. Pasi pesimba vanhu, pasi kwakadaro hurongwa yaiva sarudzo iri musarudzo madzimambo uye vatongi, kuitwa mitemo mitsva, kuzivisa rugare kana hondo, uye rufu nokuda vagari veRoma. Kana tsanangudzo itsva gavhuna musarudzo vakasarudzwa interrex. Curia imwecheteyo vakasarudzwa Vapristi (flamens). Ndizvo comitia - zviri zvakare Kunoshandiswa murau woupenyu Roman vanhu vechitendero.

kuvhota emakore

King Servius Tullius akasarudza kubvisa mutemo yekare. Akapa akasika kuriatnye itsva uye - centuriata - magungano Roman, huru dzaishandiswa umo simbi wezana - vemauto dzakabatana dziri muuto reRoma. Kekutanga kodzero dzokuvhota vakapiwa plebeians - vanhuwo vagari munzanga yekare. Vakanga equalized pamwe patricians. Kuti kuvhota, murume aifanira kusangana zviviri zvinodiwa. Chekutanga, ndiye elector chingava chete uyo aiziva kugadzirisa zvombo. Chechipiri, vanhu vaibva plebs vaiva dzavo zvakanaka kuva machisi bhokisi, tsanangurai chaivo zvinodiwa.

Saka comitia centuriata yakavakirwa Servius Tullius muna VI remakore BC. e., anokwanisa wokubatanidza vakapararira zvidimbu ane vanhu yeRoma yekare uye kuti zvive nyore kuvabatsira pakati pavo. guta Total panguva dzakasiyana, zvainge 200 emakore. Mumwe reuto akavhotera akavapindurawo. Apo mumwe "musasa" ari kuwedzera kupfuura hafu emakore, mubvunzo rinobviswa nokuvhota uye zvisarudzo zvinoenderana.

Mabasa comitia of emakore

Sezvo comitia centuriata - kuchikonzerwa musangano zvehondo chikonzero, ivo paKokorodzano ari nzvimbo chaiyo apo mauto inoitwa kurovedza uye kurovedza yokurovedzera muviri. Iri raiva rakakurumbira Munda Mars. Chiratidzo samanisi muDare Capitol muhondo anopapamisa dzvuku mureza. Comitia of emakore zvaikosha chaizvo nenyere. Zvakanga avo vakatora ruzhinji mutemo weRoma. Musangano National Izvi akabvuma, kuzivisa kuti nyika hondo uye nevavakidzani vayo. Uyezve, vaibata kumatare vagari mhosva hurumende.

To 287 BC. e. vazhinji zvisarudzo dzakatorwa muRoma comitia centuriata. Masimba sangano iri Warigirwa yemurairo Quintus Hortensius. mutongi uyu akasarudza kudzvinyirira kodzero plebeians, izvo, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, uyewo vakatamira siyanei Roman Janiculum chikomo. Panguva iyoyowo itsva tributa comitia dzakatangwa.

comitia itsva

Kubva 287 BC. e. inokosha muupenyu reRoma rekare airidza tributa comitia, izvo paKokorodzano pamusoro muganhu hwaro. Nechekare vanotaurwa Servius Tullius akavakamura ravo guru maruwa matatu. Vanodanwa yedzinza uye gare gare uyewo pakuzivikanwa se yakakodzera comitia.

Munyika yacho wenyama, Institute of People Simba akasangana vanoverengeka kwemweya yacho. Pakutanga, wenharaunda yaitongwa ari comitia tributa kunotaurwa nyaya chete omunharaunda hunhu (mitero uye kuhondo). Zvishoma nezvishoma, pamwe kuwedzera simba kwokuwedzera plebs, vakagamuchira masimba matsva. Pakupedzisira, kuti comitia centuriata yakaramba chete sezvo muviri zvaidiwa nedzenyu kuroorana pamwe nyika dzakavakidzana. Tributa musangano iwoyo vakapinda zvaaipomera mumhuri chinangwa.

Masimba tributa comitia

Assembly musarudzo The People mutsva, kuwana basa repasi vatongi. mitumbi Ivavawo, vaifanira kudzivirira plebs zvose huripo zvino mutemo weRoma. Assembly anogadza vazhinji vakuru vehurumende - quaestors, aediles, uye vemauto tribunes. Kodzero idzi vakabviswa kubva consuls, wakange kuudzawo simba ravo pamwe plebs.

At yakazotevera Danho yayo pakukura comitia vakatanga itibatsire lawmaking. Vaikwanisa kutuma kupedza weSeneti, iyo aitofanira funga mukati waakaudzwa kumwedzi. Vazhinji izvi zvinodiwa vakatorwa paunoronga zvisarudzo hurumende zvinokosha. Mushure mutemo hydrangea tributa comitia pakupedzisira yakazvimirira zvemitemo simba.

Pandaiva remakore BC. e. mugari weRoma yakapiwa vose vakasununguka vagere Italy, Institute of National Assembly akatanga kufa. Akapedzisira akanyangarika yaitonga Augustus.