ChiShayina zvombo zvekuda guan dao: tsanangudzo, maitiro, nhoroondo uye zvinhu zvinonakidza

Guan Tao is an ancient Chinese cold steel weapon. Mukushandura, zita rinoreva "bakatwa Guanya", mutungamiriri anozivikanwa wezana remakore rechitatu AD. Maererano nemakoronike, akaonekwa muzana remakore aya, asi masayendisiti akawanda anowanzotenda kuti yakagadzirwa gare gare.

Tsika

Guan Dao zvombo, ane nhoroondo yakafanana-inofanirwa, inotaurwa mumitauro yeChinese yemagetsi ehondo yezana remakore 9-18. Maererano nenhema dzekare, yakanga iri munondo wemutungamiriri akakurumbira weMadzimambo matatu aGuan-Yu, uyo anozivikanwa kwazvo muChina. Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti iye pachake akapinda muhondo dzakawanda uye, nekuda kwesimba rake, unyanzvi, ushingi, nguva dzose akawana kukundwa. Zvinotendwa kuti muhondo akashandisa pfumo rake rakakurumbira rechimbo, iro rakazotumidzwa zita rake shure kwake.

Dzimwe shanduro

Nhoroondo yaGuan Tao, munondo weGuan, pasinei nemafungiro ake akaenzana, anogona kuratidza chokwadi. Zvisinei, yekutanga tsanangudzo yakajeka yezvombo zvakadzoka zvakare muzana remakore rechi11. Mune imwe maChina encyclopedias, kubva muzana remakore aya, kune chimiro chekakatwa. Nhoroondo yezvakaitika kare hainawo zvekuchera matongo pamusoro pekuvapo kwemunondo muzana remakore rechitatu, kunyange izvi zvinogona kungoreva kuti munguva iyoyo iri kure dao yakanga isina kuparadzirwa munyika. Nokudaro, nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinofananidzira kutaridzika kwekondo inoshamisa pakati pezana remakore rechipiri AD.

Tsanangudzo

Guan Tao - yakareba jasi rakakomberedzwa, rakasimwa parefu refu. Murefu inokwanisa kusvika mamita maviri, uremu hwahwo hunosiyana kubva pa4 kusvika ku8 kilogram. Kuonekwa kwechikamu chepamusoro chechimbo chinoratidzika semwedzi wekunyengera, saka pakutanga pakutanga wainzi "munondo weguruva, kuvhara mwedzi." Ichokwadi, iyo coupler inopedzisira yakafanana nemusoro wejoka, iyo iyo, sezvinayo, inoideredza. Maererano kune rimwe shanduro, zita rinobva kubva pachokwadi kuti pakutanga rakanyorwa mufananidzo wejoka, iyo yaiva nechinangwa chekufananidzira. Guan Tao inoumba yakareba yakadzika, iyo ine kukurudzira uye kuputika pamusoro peshangu. Urefu hwahwo hunogona kusvika masere gumi nematanhatu. Masango emakona acho akananga nekunyorera, uye mitsara ine mawimbi. Muto wacho wakakwira pamubati ne shank, iyo yakareba iyo imwe yechitatu yehupamhi hwayo. Mukuwedzera, rimwechete resimbi rinosungirirwa kumucheto, iro rinoita mabasa akawanda: rinoita kuti hukama hurambe huchigadzikana, hunosimudzira kugoverwa kweyunifomu yemitoro, uye inoshumira se rivet yevhodhi.

Zviratidzo

Guan Tao yakasiyana nedzimwe mhando mukuti ine varindi mumamiriro eenduru kana polyhedron. Chimwe chimiro chinonyanya kukosha ndicho chidimbu chemukati, iyo inoshandiswa sehondo yekurwa. Munondo waiva nepakutanga mukati. Nokudaro, jasi racho raiva nematatu matatu: yekutanga yavo yakakandirwa kubva pasimbi yakaoma, iyo yakaumba jasi guru uye nechepamusoro. Pakati pemakona acho aiva nesimbi yakanyanyisa, iyo yaigona kugadziriswa nyore nyore kugadzirisa nekugadzirisa kunatsa kubva kune dzimwe nyika isina kuchena uye kugoverwa kweyunifomu yekakoni. Masters echiChina muchigamba chekutanga chebasa akatanga kuomesa chikamu chikuru, ndokubva asunungura zvikamu zvakasara, izvo zvakaita kuti pfuti igare yakasimba uye yakagadzikana kupfuura panguva yakaoma.

Kushanda

Nhoroondo yeguan dao ndezana emakore mazana emakore. Ichi chombo chaive nesimba kwazvo uye chinoshanda mukurwa, uye kukwanisa kuva nacho chaiva unyanzvi hwechokwadi. Ichokwadi ndeyekuti yakayera kwazvo, uye kuti udzidze kuitungamirira, zvakatora kudzidza kwakanyanya. Nzira yakakosha yekuishandisa mukurwisana ndeyokuita kupinza kunorema nekucheka kunokera pameso. Nzira yekutsvaira yakananga yakaonekwa chete pamagumo ezana remakore rechi18, apo zvombo zvakashandiswa mumwe nomumwe. Yakanga ichishandiswawo nevana vechidiki kuti vapedze kuburikidza nekuvakwa kwepfumo. Munyaya iyi, mauto eChina, akashonga nebakatwa, akafanana neEuropean landsknechts. Garda akabvumira kushandiswa kwekakatwa sekucheka nekugadzirisa zvombo.

Properties

Zvombo zvekuChinese zvinotonhorera zve guan dao zvakabatanidza mabasa emunondo, pfumo, chifukidzo uye hook, izvo zvakaita kuti murwi amushandise anenge asingagoni kuvharidzirwa. Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti kunyange vatenzi vechiChinese ivo pachavo vakanga vasingakwanisi kugadzira zvombo zvingadzivirira pakurwadza kwavo kunotyisa. Bakatwa varwi vakarova kuputika pamakumbo, chiso, mutsipa, mabvi, uyewo mune zvinyorwa. Mucheto wakagadzirwa weshangu wakaita kuti zvombo zvacho zvive nengozi, mukuwedzera, munhu haafaniri kukanganwa kuti kunyange shaft yakashandiswa kurwisana, sezvo yakange yakagadzirirwa nechepamusoro. Mutasvi akabatsira panguva imwechete aigona kurova vadzivisi vakawanda pakurwi.

Kudzidzira nekuparadzira

Imwe enikoropidhiya yakafananidzirwa yezana remakore rechi18 rinorondedzera kuti munhu aikwanisa kuva nehondo aifanira kuratidza sei kukwanisa kwake kubata minondo uye kurwisana. Kuongorora kwaisanganisira mutsara wezvidzidzo ne dao, uta uye dumbbells. Panguva imwecheteyo, bakatwa raiva rakanyanya kukura kusvika ku 40 kilogram. Panguva ino, zvombo izvi zvinoshandiswa muWushu technique. Kuonekwa kwaro kwakave nekugadziriswa: pasi pejasi kazhinji kacho yakasungirirwa brashe kana bundle rebhuruu tsvuku, kazhinji pasi pechidya kune zvindori. Mazuva ano, zvombo zvinoshandiswa muChinese martial arts uye mukurwisana.

Chokwadi chinofadza

Pakati pavo, somuenzaniso, ndeyekuti guan ye dao yakanga ichizivikanwa kwete kumba chete, asi mune dzimwe nyika. Saka, yakashandiswa muKorea, Vietnam uye kunyange kure neJapan. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinoratidza kuti kugadzirwa kwekakatwa kwakagadzira hwaro hweaginata uye bisento. Uye chaizvoizvo, rudzi rwekupedzisira rwezvombo rinewo shaft, iyo ine jira rakakomberedzwa rine bhero refu rakasimwa.

Mukuwedzera, guan dao yakashandiswa kusvika muzana remakore rechi20, sezvinogona kuonekwa kubva pamifananidzo, asi munyika dzeEurope halberds uye glefs zvakaguma kuvapo muzana remakore rechi17.

Meaning

Chikonzero chekuzivikanwa kwakadai, zvichida, ndechokuti mutungamiri weChu-Yu anonyanya kufarirwa muChina. Munyika ino, chimiro chake chakakomberedzwa nehalo yechitendero: temberi dzave dzakagadzirwa mukukudzwa kwake, chifananidzo chemukuru wehurumende ndicho chinokosha chinokosha. Pamwe iye anoratidzwa nemunondo uyu. Asi zvinonyanya kukosha, zvombo izvi zvakaratidza kuti zvakanyatsoshanda mukurwa. Mukurwisana naye, muvengi akanga asingakwanisi kurwisa, kunyanya dai yaishandiswa nevatasvi vemabhiza nevekufambisa. Asiwo mumashandisirwo ega ega munondowo wakaita kuti munhu wacho aite zvisingagoni kuvharwa. Uye kunyange kugadzirira kwekugara kwavo kwakatora nguva yakareba, yakaruramisa pachayo. Uye zvakanga zvisina zvazvinobatsira kutanga kwezana remakore rechimakumi maviri kuti masoja dzimwe nguva akazvigadzirira. Iyi bakatwa ichiri nengozi nokuti, kunze kwekurova, aigona kutora zvombo zvevengi.

Mukupedzisa, inofanira kunzi kuti halberds inowanzozara zvikuru muChina. Vane mazita mazhinji uye mazita akasiyana-siyana, asi guan dao ndiyo ingangodaro inonyanya kufarirwa navo, sezvo ichibatanidza mabasa akawanda panguva imwechete: inodzivirira zvakasimba murwi uye panguva imwechete yakakosha kurwisa nekurwisa, pamwe, inogona kushandiswa kurega Muvengi. Maererano nechinangwa chayo, munondo uri pasi rose: tsika inoratidza kuti yakashandiswa zvakanakisisa mukurwisana kwemunhu mumwe nomumwe, mauto ehondo nemabhiza. Nokudaro, kunzwisisa kweiyo guan-tao, kukosha kwayo kwakanyanya zvikuru mumutauro weChinese, hazvibviri kunze kwekufunga nezvemamiriro evanhu netsika dzevanhu.