Manor "Glinka", inowanikwa naJakov Willimovich Bruce. Zvitsva zveMoscow nzvimbo

Imwe yenzvimbo dzakashanyiwa zvikuru mumaguta edzimba ye "Glinka", ndiyo imwe yezvigadzirwa zvekare zvekuvakwa kwezana remakore re XVIII. Mukuwedzera, nzvimbo iyi yakare kupfuura dzimwe nzvimbo dzeMoscow. Nzvimbo idzi dzaiva dzevanokudzwa vainzi Bruce, avo vakaberekerwa naJakov Vilimovich, shamwari yaPeter Mukuru, mukuru weuto uye wehurumende, nyanzvi uye dhigiridzi. Zvose zvoukomborero zvinorwisa mushanyi anoyevedza, kunyange mazuva ano, zvakasikwa makore makumi matatu ezana remakore rechigumi nemana, apo madzitateguru emhuri akamanikidzwa kusiya basa. Akanga ari munhu akakurumbira, aida unyanzvi, uye aifarira nesayenzi. Varimi vaimudana kuti muroyi.

Jacob Bruce

Uyu munhu aiziva zvese zvemazuva ano. Akabva kumhuri yababa veScotland, asi akazoenda naye kuRussia kure, uko, asi, akaita basa rakanaka kwazvo. Akatanga basa rake mudare reAlexei Mikhailovich Romanov, achiri muduku zvikuru. Akaramba achishanda pasi peDual Power, ndokubva apikira kuvimbika kune muduku uye akashanda Petro. Nenzira, ndiye ndiye akakurumidza kuenda kuTar kuti abatsirwe panguva yekumukira kweStraltsy, uye akazvironga kuti ave mambo wamangwana. Petro akafunga kuti Bruce mumwe wehama dzepedyo, ivo pamwe vakabatanidzwa muhondo dzakawanda dzeuto reRussia.

Jacob Bruce aizivikanwa pamatare nokuda kwechido chake chezivo yesayenzi, aigona kutumidzwa kuti polymath, sezvo aifarira munharaunda yese yezvidzidzo zvezvesayenzi, muzhinji vavo akabudirira zvikuru. Semuenzaniso, iye ainyatsoziva mazano nemaitiro, aiva ne cannonball, uye munguva yehupenyu hwake akagamuchira zita rekuremekedza reGeneral-Field-Mester (kureva, musoro wezvombo). Ndiye iye aive nerukudzo rwekutungamira Berg-Manufaktur College, uyewo akatanga nheyo yainzi Navigatsky School. Uye, zvirokwazvo, anozivikanwa zvikuru nekusika kwake "Bryusov Calendar", iyo yakatungamirirwa nevakawanda, kugadzirisa nzira yake yehupenyu. Uye ichi chikamu chiduku chiduku chezvakaitwa na Count Count kwa Imperial Russia.

Yakov Bruce Manor

Zvinosuruvarisa, asi nevateveri vaPeter, the Count havana kuwana chigaro pachivanze, kunyange pasina munhu akasimudzira paainge asarudza. Kunyange zvakadaro, Jacob Bruce akabviswa mune zvematongerwe enyika, anopa chikumbiro chekurega basa uye anoenda kune imwe nzvimbo pedyo neMoscow pedyo neMoscow, yaakawana achiri muduku. Iyi dzimba yaiva nezita rakanaka "Glinka". Hakanga isiri tsitsi kuna Bruce kuti abve paDank Petersburg, nokuti iyo nzvimbo yakanga iri mukati mekunaka kwepanyama, uye zvakare pedyo neyaRussia yekare guta guru.

Izvozvo hazvishamisi: maererano nenyaya dzevanhu vomunharaunda, pamwe chete nevagari vemo vanogara mumusha uri pedyo weGlinka, zvinhu zvisina kujairika zvakatanga kuitika munzvimbo idzi. Imba chaiyo tenzi yakashamisa varimi nekunaka kwake kwekunze, akavakwa nenzira yakarongeka chaizvo - Baroque yeItaly. Kuita soroka, goridhe mamiriyoni, kuenzanisa uye nenyasha zvakaratidzika kushamisa zvikuru kune mushure mekuRussia miti yechitsuwa uye dzimba dzakashata dzinogara.

Nhoroondo uye zvakavanzika

Uyezve, mune maonero evashoma, the Count himself akanga asinganzwisisiki. Somuenzaniso, vazhinji vavo vakashamiswa netsika yake yekubuda usiku pamusoro pedenga reimba yake, kusarudza nzvimbo yakakwirira uye kutarisa chimwe chinhu chiri mudenga nebhokisi rine simba kwenguva refu. Ichokwadi, iko zvino yava pachena kuti Count yakanga iine chido chekuongorora nyeredzi, asi kune varimi vaisakwanisa kunzwisisa.

Saka, kana kamwe-kamwe kwaiva nekuoma kana dutu remvura, vanhu vakatenda kuti muroyi-earl akaita chimwe chinhu chakaipa. Ive nheyo dzisina kubuda, dzakabatana nezita raJakove Bruce, ndedzipi nharo dzavagari vemo dzisina kuwedzera. Nenzira, idzi nyaya idzi dzakanzwika gare gare pamatare edzimhosva, sezvamunoziva, nyika yakazara nenhehwa. Vaona maziso vakataurirana kuti Bruce akasungira dhiragoni dare uye akatenderera pamusoro payo pasi pemakore, ipapo paradhiso mimhanzi yakatanga kutamba pakotoni yemichindwe yake mupaki, uye iye akafirawo pasi pomurayiro wake.

Uye kunyange apo Bruce akafa, mukurumbira wake wakatengesa kwenguva refu. Maererano nemamwe mabhuku, iyo isina tsvimbo-wizard yekare kana mushure mekufa kwake akatsemuka pamusoro peimba yake kwemazuva akawanda uye akatya vadzidzisi vatsva kana vagari vemo. Chinhu chinoshamisa, asi vadzidzisi avo vakaenda kunzvimbo yeBruce "Glinka", gare gare, kana yakazara nenyaya idzi, kana kuti vakaona chimwe chinhu chisingazivikanwi, vakaraira kuti vaparadze mapoka ose akaoneswa munharaunda yeimba. Asi musha wepaki yaimbove yakakurumbira nokuda kwezvigadzirwa zvayo zvekare zvekare. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvifananidzo hazvina kutengeswa kana kuparadzwa, zvakange zvakashata zvikuru. Vamwe vakasvibiswa mumadziro, mamwe akadonhera kusvika pasi pegungwa. Hazvishamisi here? Maererano nedzimwe nhoroondo, izvo zviri zvizhinji munzvimbo idzi, zvakatya chaizvo vadzidzisi vatsva kuti zvidhori usiku zvaiva noupenyu hunomutsa.

Uye zvakare, ndizvo zvinotaurwa nevanhu, asi kubvira ipapo Bruce akatanga kutsiva kune vatsva venyika yake. Akazviratidza kwavari usiku usiku hwechimiro chemweya unhereal, mumakorodhe akanzwikwa zvikwangwani uye kugomera - zvose mumitambo yeChirungu nhau dzevhupenyu. Zvaive zvakakosha kuti muridzi weimba uye muiti wemusungwa aende kune imwe nzvimbo yekumucheto yeimba.

Kusvika iye zvino, vanoda zvekufungidzira vanoramba vachitinhira kuchivako chemurume, vamwe vanogara muzororo munharaunda yeimba, iyo iri ikozvino, vanoti iyo nhamba inogona kuonekwa iye zvino. Asi iyo nyaya dzechokwadi ndeyechokwadi, zvakaoma kutonga. Yakov Bruce's estate muGlinka uye zvino anochengeta zvakavanzika zvizhinji uye zvakavanzika.

"Vakuru veCurious Things"

Jacob Bruce, iyo "warlock", yaivawo polyglot, kwete pasina chikonzero, yakarongedzwa muruvanze uye yakaita ikoko mabasa ehurumende. Akanyatsoziva mitauro mitanhatu yekunze. Uye mumutauro weRussia (chiRussia nokuda kwake yakanga isiri rurimi rwake rwekuzvarwa), akataura asinganzwi.

Pakupera kwezana remakore re XVII, Petro Mukuru, sezvaanozivikanwa, akaronga Grand Embassy kunyika dzeEurope. Vanopfuura mazana maviri vanhu vakapinda murwendo urwu, kunyanya vechiduku vaifanira kunzwisisa sayenzi nemishonga, kunyanya nyaya dzekufamba kwegungwa. Mukuwedzera, mambo akarayira kuti atenge midziyo uye anobatanidzwa mukuhaya vatenzi vakasiyana-siyana uye mhizha. Count Bruce wechiduku Petro pachake anodana, achigara muHolland. Aida kuverengera rwendo rwaizouya rwokuEngland, nokuti Bruce aiziva mitauro zvakakwana uye ainyatsoziva nezvemitemo yezvinyorwa mumatare eChirungu. Asi Bruce anouya nguva shoma, kunze kwekuti inotarisa zvakanyanya kurwadza, ruoko rwake rwakapisa zvose, uye phalanx yeminwe yakasanganiswa mushure mokunge yakaputsika. Chikonzero cheizvi chakanga chiri kukakavadzana pachivanze nemusoro wekuvigwa. Ndiye iye akaraira kuti atambudze musayendisiti ane ruzivo Bruce nehuni inopisa. Petro akatsamwa kwazvo zvokuti maererano nezvakataurwa nevanhu venguva yake, zvakanga zvisingakwanisi kudzivisa kutsamwa kwake. Akanyora Romodanovsky, mune tsamba yaakatsamwira pachena mutungamiriri wekuvigwa. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti akakoshesa sei basa nebasa raJakov Vilimovich.

Hwe brainchild yake yaiva "hurumende yezvinhu zvisinganzwisisiki", zvakaenzana nezvisati zvisiri munyika yose. Yaiva nheyo yekusungirirwa yezvinyorwa zvemarudzi ose. Mushure mokunge Count akafa, "cabinet" yake yakasarudzwa kuendeswa kunzvimbo yakakurumbira yeRussia museum yenguva iyoyo - Kunstkamera.

Architectural features of the property

Iyi dzimba inogona kutumidzwa kuti yakwegura mumadhorobha ose. Manors emunharaunda yeMoscow - izvi zvinowanzofadza, asi nzvimbo iyi inokosha chaizvo. Kuvakwa kweimba yaBruce kwakachengetedzwa zvakanakisisa, nokuti zvichave zvichifadza zvikuru kune vatashanyi kuzoshanyira nzvimbo idzi. Kunze, imba ye "Glinka" inonyanya kufanana panguva yayo, iyo yakanaka uye inoyevedza baroque (kunyange paiva nezvimwe zvinhu zvisingawanzozivikanwi zvevamwe stylistics). Asi mukati mekugadzira kuchaita kunyange mufambi ane ruzivo anoshamisika. Ichokwadi ndechekuti Jacob Bruce (nzvimbo yeGlinka uye zviri mukati maro hazvina kumutora zvakanyanya) nguva dzose aifunga kuti haasi muridzi weimba, asi murume wezvesayenzi. Inenge imwe neimwe imba yeimba huru yakashandurwa kuva laboratori kana hofisi yebasa rezvesayenzi. Yaiva ipapo iyo yaibatanidzwa mukutsvakurudza mundima yefizikiki, makemiti, mashematics, sayenzi chaiyo, nyanzvi dzenyeredzi, nezvimwe zvakadaro. Mari yake yose, uye mubhadharo weCount yaive yakanaka, akasarudza kupedza pamichina, mabhuku, zvigadzirwa zvekutsvakurudza nezvimwe zvakadaro. Izvi, zvichida, zvinotsanangura kuti nei tenzi panguva iyoyo mumwe nomumwe aifunga zvisina kufanira, uye vamwe vakatotaurira kwaari mano emashiripiti. Nokuda kwemaziso ake, akagamuchira mazita ekuremekedza akawanda, asi kupfuura zvose akadzika midzi Unguarded muchinda.

Zvechokwadi, muroyi! Uye ndiani mumwe angagona mune rimwe zuva rezhizha, apo pazviratidzo zvose panofanira kunge kune kupisa kunopisa, kutora uye kuvhara matangi ose? Uyezve uchiri kuisa zvinhu zvisingazivikanwi pamakumbo ako uye kutasva pamvura yakaoma? Uye maonero edzimba huru, zvichida, yakasimbisa chete maonero evarimi vezvikamu izvi. Bruce aibva kuScotland, zvichida nokuti gorofa rekutanga reimba yake rakafanana zvikuru neScottish medieval castle, zvose zvakagadzirirwa nematombo akavezwa ejena hue. Izvi zvakaita kuti chivako chionekwe zvishoma, uye mamwe mavara akavezwa mumumvuri akaita semhembera yakaipa yezvisikwa zvedhimoni.

Nenzira yakawanda, nzvimbo ye "Glinka" yakasikwa muBaroque style, yakapfuma uye yakanakisisa, yakasvika kuRussia kubva kuItaly inotyisa. Absolute symmetry, kunyange muchitarisiko nekugadziriswa kwezvivako zvepurazi, nzvimbo yepamusoro yepaki ine dziva pakati nepakati pezvifananidzo zvekare zvinokukwazisa vanhu vachifamba nemakwara emakumbo. Vakanga vakafanana nemhare kubva kune nhoroondo dzechiGiriki chekare, Bruce aida zvikuru unyanzvi mune zvose zvairatidzwa. Asi chii chakaitika pamifananidzo, iwe watoziva.

Ichokwadi, chivako pachacho chakanga chakakanganiswa zvikuru. Ichokwadi ndechokuti munzvimbo idzodzo pane moto wakasimba muzana remakore rechina, chimiro chose chakanga chisingagoni kuponeswa, chete chivako cheBruce ne laboratori chakaramba chichigadzikana. Zvese zvimwe zvaunogona kuona chete nenzira yekuvakazve.

House count

Nzvimbo ye "Glinka" inoreva imba yepamambo uye paki yemuumbi wekugadzira. Kufamba pairi, unogona kuona mabwe maviri anoramba aripo. Imwe inogona kunzi mihemberero, uye imwe - yezvekudarika. Kunzvimbo yakagadzirwa nemapapiro mapapiro matatu, uyewo chivako chikuru - imba yekuverengwa. Ndima yezvehupfumi haisi inonakidza, sezvo yakave nehuwandu hwakawanda munguva yayo.

Zvakaoma kudana imba huru. Kana munhu wepamusoro ane nyanzvi yakakura kwazvo, pakadzika kwayo inenge yakagadzirwa nemakona. Imba yacho, kunyange yakanakisisa mukugadzira, asi yeklasiki baroque inodzivirirwa zvikuru mumucheka. Iko kune zvishongedzi chete zvinyorwa, pilasters, chimiro pane zvigadzirwa zvependi. Mukuwedzera, unogona kuona maitiro akaita sedhimoni akavezwa pamatombo eimba yekutanga. Pasi pechipiri kune loggias yakazaruka, iyo nhamba yaifarira kufema mweya uye kuyemura nyeredzi yegore usiku. Denga rinoratidzika kunge rinotsigirwa nemitsetse yezvikamu zviduku, uye iyi korona duku yehuni inoisa korona iyi yose yakanaka, apo Earl akaita zvinhu zvake zvekudenga.

"Bruce's Laboratory"

Kubva pane zvakasvika kwatiri muhupenyu hwekutanga, zviri pachena kuti zvinomira kunze kwezvinonzi Laboratory of Bruce, ichiri chiitiko chekutumidza imba yaPetrovsky. Ndiyo pano mutashanyi uye iwe unofanirwa kuenda chinhu chekutanga, nokuti chiitiko chacho chinonakidza zvikuru. Mukati, iyi inzvimbo duku inopedzisa nzvimbo yekugara. Kurongedza, zvakafanana chaizvo nezvamungaona muPeterhof. The arched niches nechepamusoro pemadziro ekunze akachengetedza nzvimbo yezvifananidzo, chando-white pilasters nemisoro.

Mukati zvino usabvumira, uye usapinda ikoko, zvichida, sezvo zvinhu zvose zvinokosha kubva mubazi rino, sezvakambotaurwa kare, zvakatorwa kuSt. Petersburg, chivako chemu museum "Kunstkamery."

Sanatorium "Monino"

Kusvika iye zvino, nharaunda yose, iyo inotorwa neimba ye "Glinka" muMonino, ndeyemutambo. Kune humwe hunoshamisa, sangano rakanyatsogadzikana kuzorora uye nzira dzezvehutano. Nokudaro, unogona kushanyira imba kwete kwete sevashanyi, vane nzara ye ruzivo rutsva uye maitiro, asiwo zvekuzorora. Nzvimbo idzi apa dzinoshamisa zvechokwadi.

Iphiko rekumadokero kwedoro rakapiwa pasi peyamuziyamu yakatsaurirwa kuhupenyu nemabasa eBereng Bruce Ya V. Inoshanda zuva rimwe chete pavhiki, Svondo, kubva pagumi nezuro mangwanani.

Nzvimbo

Kubva muguta guru kuenda haisi kure kure, makiromita makumi mashanu chete. Kuwana dzimba iri nyore kwazvo: ingotendeukira kuMonino, uchipfuura nomugwagwa mukuru weGorky, wozopfuura neLosino-Petrovsky, uye uchitevera zviratidzo zvakanyatsorongedzwa nehutungamiri hwevatungamiriri. Iwe zvechokwadi haungarasikirwi.

Coordinates

Kutaura: Glinka Manor, Nharaunda yeMoscow, District Shchelkovsky, Losino-Petrovsky.

Zvinotora awa imwe chete kuti uwane kubva kuMoscow, kana iwe usingamiriri mumugwagwa. Imwe taxi yakatarisa inoenda kumusha weLosino-Petrovsky. Kubva ipapo hazvisi zvakaoma kusvika kumunda wesatorium.