Chipenye shuga ruvara (aimiririra). Production uye kunyatsoongorora kunaka shuga

Nyika yakatipoteredza akava kujairana kuti isu kazhinji kuita kunyange asina kuona zvinhu izvozvo zvishoma anoumba hwedu. Somuenzaniso, kana uchida kunwa tii kana kofi, tinogona noushingi kutora shuga kuti dzikurukure pakubika. Asi chii chinonzi zvinhu izvi? Chii ruvara shuga? Ko chipenye? Pashure pezvose, pamusoro echiShinto iri chitoro chinhu zvakasiyana siyana kudaro. Zvakawanda zvinoenderana norudzi chigadzirwa. Kana isu kutaura pamusoro ruvara sekristaro yomuropa, zviri chena, uye kana mudonzvo, ivo dzakasiyana zvingave zvakasiyana.

chikafu kunokosha

Kune mhando dzakawanda sucrose, riri mumusha uye inonzi shuga. It ane refu muviri kukosha, sezvazvakaita nyore digestible makabhohaidhiretsi. Kamwe mumuviri, zvinonzi rwakakamukana zvinoriumba maviri (fructose uye shuga), uye pakarepo anopinda neropa rukova. Neuyu anokwanisa kurarama uyewo shuga - anokonzera kupfuura hafu ose simba kuti muviri inoda kuti zuva. Asi ayo wevasungwa haana akapfuudza ndozvakajairwa, nokuti zvinogona kuita kuti kurwara. Shuga ane vanetsane kuti muchetura kana zvimwe zvirwere chiropa. It kunobatsirawo pamusoro muviri, saka dzimwe nguva zvinonzi jekiseni zvakananga kuva tsinga. Munyika dzakawanda, shuga iri rokuti mukuru achigadzirira zvigadzirwa vari confectionery indasitiri. Somuenzaniso, caramel it, meringues uye dragees 80-95% ine shuga ichi, chocolate uye candies - 50%, furawa - ne 30-40%. shuga ruvara zvinogona zvakasiyana, zvinoenderana nokuti pane zvinhu rakaitwa uye kana mamwe bleaching kwakaitika.

History yakawanikwa

India ndiye nzvimbo yechizvarirwo anodiwa kweshuga yomuropa. Shoko pacharo rine Indian Midzi yekare, asi akasimuka kubva muchiGiriki mumutauro Russian. mapiyona zvibereko izvi European vaiva vaRoma. Vakatenga kumba uye akatapa kudzimba dzavo. Nhume wokuita zvemusika akadaro akaita Egipita, iyo panguva iyoyo yaiva ruwa rwoUmambo hweRoma. chigadzirwa iri kugadzirwa kubva shuga shamhu. First zvakabviswa muto, uye ipapo, mukufamba kurapwa, paiva inotapira nokuvhuvha. Ruvara shuga, iyo rwaiwanikwa, aiva mashava.

Nokufamba kwenguva, vaRoma akatanga kukura sengere kumaodzanyemba Spain uye Sisiri asi pakaparara kwavo hurumende Kugadzirwa zvose rakaguma. The Russian shuga wekutanga akazviratidza XI-XII emakore. Asi aiziva manakiro akasarudzwa chete, kureva, muchinda wake boka racho. Peter Ndakasarudza kuti ndaifanira kugadzira chigadzirwa munyika uye akazarura yokutanga "Imba shuga" iri XVIII remakore. Asi zvakanga zvisiri nyore kudaro. Pashure pezvose, yakatsvuka zvinhu akanga achiri kuti yabva mhiri kwemakungwa kunyika. Muna 1809 akanga akaita budiriro munzvimbo iyi, sezvo akanga akawanikwa kuti shuga chinogona zvikaramba kubva zvomunharaunda mudzi zvirimwa - beets. Kubvira ipapo, chigadzirwa ichi hahwuuyi tafura vose vagere Russia, uye uwandu kudyiwa iri chete kuwedzera ose gore.

shava shuga

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, zviri zvihwitsi mhando iyi yakaitwa kubva shamhu. The crystals akafukidzwa molasses (molasses), uye ichi nokuda ruvara uye munhuwi shuga. The zvemichina iri kumbonyanya nyore (manyuchi yakaitwa, uye ipapo yakabikwa), asi zvakadaro ine pachake chaizvo ayo. Species shava shuga ose iwayo zvizhinji. Ivo zvisingapindirani chitsama molasses kuti aripo ari crystals. Kazhinji nokuda dzakananga noruvara ichi mhando anonzi "kofi" kana "tii". Manufacturers vari Positioning chigadzirwa ichi sokusingakoshi uye eco ushamwari, izvo anowedzera mutengo wayo. Asi nezvezvokudya kuyambira kuti zvakafanira kuti shuga iri kucheneswa, ayo akafanana zvingasanganisira tsvina vasingafarirwi uye caloric zviri chigadzirwa hapana kudzika kupfuura dzose. Kazhinji, hunokwanisa shuga ruvara zvinoitwa bleaching pamusoro carbonic acid, kana nesurferi dioxide.

Kugadzira kubva bhiti

Mumwe piyona munzvimbo iyi runoonekwa kuna Andreas Margraf, uyo akabudisa basa rake muna 1747. It dzinoratidza zvinogona mokusvinwa shuga kubva bhiti mudzi chirimwa. Naiyewo rinotsanangura sei muitiro uyu, iyo aburukira mazuva edu. mboni ake Achard akaedza kuvaka chirimwa kuti pagadzirwe zvihwitsi, asi kwakanga kwakundikana. Chete muna 1806 pamusoro mirayiridzo Napoleon, kurimwa muitiro yave kwakatangwa. Aidavira kuti izvi zvaizobatsira France kuti kuva vanozviriritira kwete dzimwe kupinzwa.

Muti kuti pagadzirwe mbishi zvinhu izvi Russia yokutanga yakavakwa muna 1806, asi kunoguma chigadzirwa zvakanga zvakakodzera chete DISTILLATION kupinda doro. Uye muna 1897 munyika vakashanda kare 236 mafekitari, iyo pamwe chete vaiumba matani mamiriyoni 45 shuga pagore. Mabikirwo zvaAtemisi zvibereko bhiti riri sezvinotevera: achishandisa diffusion zvikaramba kubva mudzi manyuchi, zvinonzi vakayambuka filters kuti kupatsanura pulp preheated mvura 60 madhigirii, sezvamakaropafadzwa kupatsanura mvura zvakawandisa. Ipapo Yakanatswa muto nesuko uye carbonic acid. The zvichiguma Kuisa pfungwa pachinhu iri Ipwa kusvikira crystals tsedyat uye akaisa ari centrifuge, iyo Anopatsanura zvaaida chigadzirwa kubva molasses. Mashoko vakawana chikapwa uye vakagadzirira pamwe zvakasiyana kuwanda shuga sucrose.

Chii ruvara ndiye shuga bhiti angava kutengeswa? The mhinduro yakarurama - chena, zvichida chete zvishomanana tint yellow.

organoleptic ehupfumi

Organoleptic - nzira inoita kuti zvibvire kuona kunaka chigadzirwa kuburikidza pfungwa, zvinoti kuona, kunzwa, kuravira, kunhuwidza uye nokubata. Most kazhinji Russian shuga iri kugadzirwa muchimiro jecha. Nyanzvi, asati kubvumira kutengeswa kugadzirwa chigadzirwa, vanoyera Ruvara shuga, kana ane chipenye, chii Inonaka akaita. Zvakanakisa, izvozvo kunofanira akafanana pakukura Maumbirwe crystals kuti vakaratidza chiso uye chivheneke. Munhuwe uye kuravira sezvo yakaoma nyaya zvayo mhinduro inofanira kuva dzakanaka, pasina chinhu netsvina. Mudutu mvura, inofanira kuva zvakakwana uye ruvara mvura haina kushanduka. Color shuga - chena, chiedza yeyero mumvuri zvinogoneka. Fanira pfuma - fluidity pasina kuwana nemavhinga.

bundu shuga

Sugar-Boy akadana mberi rakanatswa shuga dziri zvidimbu. Zvinonzi kubva kare anorondedzerwa granulated shuga. ehupfumi Its kwazvo yakafanana ehupfumi kuti "hama" ayo. Pave chigadzirwa Via mumwe denderedzwa yokunatswa uye recrystallization. Izvi zvinobvumira iwe kuti kunyange kupfuura kuramba. Mushure rwunotumirwa venhau, izvo zvinoumba zvakasimba mbariro, akatsemura zvidimbu. The ruvara uye kubwinya kweshuga iri nyaya kunofanira kuva chena ine rinokwanisa kucheneruka tinge zvichibvira, pasina nouipi, asi vamwe vamwe zvinodiwa hakusi pano. Ravirai uye kunhuwa vanofanirawo kuva akasununguka nouipi, chete inotapira.

Maple shuga

Kunze anozivikanwa mhando, pane zvakawanda zviri pamusoro pamusika. Mumwe wavo ari shuga mumeporo. Kugadzirwa Its yakatanga muna XVII remakore kumabvazuva kweCanada. Raw zvokuvakisa iye ndiye muto shuga mumeporo. Muna February uye March muti uyu hunde dzacho dziri akachera kuti kugadzirwa emura, iyo inotanga iyerere ichibva mugomba. Zviri unotora kusvika 3% shuga. kumhanyira muitiro anopfuurira kwevhiki dzinoverengeka, izvo zvinoita kuti kuvaka nokururamisira yakawanda muto kunodiwa. Ari zvakaipa, zvinoti kwemvura, nokudaro pakuwana "mumeporo manyuchi", uye nechekare kubva pairi buritsa chokupedzisira chigadzirwa. Mumwe muti pagore kunogona kuunza 3 kusvika 6 nepondo shuga.

The vomunzvimbo kare apfuura nokuda shuga ichi, achikanganwa mhiri kwemakungwa kusarudza. The zvakawanda saka nokuti kakawanda hunotapira kupfuura dzose. Kana isu kutaura ruvara shuga vanofanira kuva, ipapo tinogona kutaura chokwadi kuti zvisvundu, Maple manyuchi nokuti rinoreva akadaro. Uyezve, shuga iri kubatsira chaizvo, nokuti vakapfuma B mavhitaminzi

jaggery

Kumaodzanyemba uye rwezasi-mabvazuva Asia kubereka rumwe rudzi shuga - nemichindwe kana yagre. Kuti aite izvi, anoenderana marudzi akasiyana remichindwe. Young the cobs maruva nemiti cheka, kubva inoyerera zvinozipa muto. Kazhinji kwazvo mukugadzirwa kwakadaro anosarudzwa womukokonati muti, asiwo gohwo rakanaka rinogona inounganidzwa kubva Arengo kana nemichindwe. Per gore pamwe chete chirimwa mushoma kusvika 250 kg asi kuti muto, ari sucrose wevasungwa iyo inowana 20%. Kana vashandi vanokwanisa zvakanaka kutarisira muti wako, unogona kurishandisa kwemakore akawanda.

Kungofanana nomune dzimwe ruzivo, rinoshandisa kwemvura, asi zvinoitwa womukokonati goko kuti vanopa chigadzirwa ane semicircular chimiro. Kurishandisa mukuru zvakadini nokuda vaburitsi pachavo, ndiko kuti vanhu veko. Kana kuziva, chii ruvara ndiye shuga zvikaramba seizvi, tinogona kupindura kuti mashava. Kana iwe wedzera kuti tii kana kofi, kuchagadzira drink kwete chete inotapira, asi kutipawo ive unrivaled munuhwi.

mhunga shuga

Atova China yekare, pakava tsika kubudisa shuga kubva mhunga. Panguva American Civil War England akadzikatidza pomugove ipwa kweshuga yomuropa iri kuchamhembe States. Izvi zvakaita kuti kuparadzirwa mumwe mhando, kureva mhunga. Asi pashure pezviitiko izvi, kurimwa haina yatangwa, nokuti maererano mbishi acho ari chirimwa zvikuru dzamira. A zvakaoma ndechokuti kunoguma muto mupfumi kwete chete sucrose asiwo siyana chicherwa munyu, izvo tunodzivisa paumbwe yakaisvonaka crystals. Asi munzvimbo nzara rinovapo yakawanda gore, mhunga kunogona kuva akakodzera chaizvo amirire dzimwe manyuko shuga. Kunyanya nokuti chinokosha michina kana midziyo havadikanwi ayo kurimwa. Musi echiShinto ari muchitoro, chigadzirwa ichi kwakaoma chaizvo kuwana, asi tinofanira kurangarira kuti shuga kunofanira rinopenya ruvara. Kakawanda inotengeswa muchimiro manyuchi.

Saka, shuga - imwe fuma iri zvakasimba hwedu. Kuti aone unhu ayo, nyanzvi teerera zvinhu zvakadai kuravira, chimiro, munhuhwi uye Ruvara shuga. Photo-siyana dzinogona kuwanikwa pamapeji pamusoro magazini kudya kunovaka. Izvi zvichakubatsira kusarudza chigadzirwa nani. Unofanira kurangarira kuti noruvara munyu uye shuga yakasiyana chaizvo: chena munyu wakachena, uye shuga vanogona mumvuri yellow kana kuva shava, zvichienderana mhando.