Chii viscosity? viscosity chipimo chikwata

Viscosity rinotsanangura mano mvura kana magasi rokusika nemishonga pakati kutamira hama mumwe akaturikidzana ose Urume (kwete zvakasimba) miviri. Kureva, ukoshi ichi rinoenderana simba yomunyika kukweshera (Chirungu rokuti: viscosity), zvinobva sangano negasi kana mvura. Nokuti zvakasiyana miviri zvichava zvakasiyana, sezvo kunobva hunhu hwavo. Somuenzaniso, mvura ine pasi viscosity zvichienzaniswa uchi, iyo yakakwirira zvikuru viscosity. The womukati kukweshera kana fluidity zvikukutu (hombe) zvinhu inozivikanwa rheological maitiro.

Word viscosity rinobva muchiLatin Viscum, zvinoreva mistletoe. Izvi imhaka shiri-lime, yakaitwa kubva mistletoe michero uye kushandiswa mubati shiri. Namira akazorwa muti mapazi uye shiri agere pamusoro pavo, vakava nyore kuti vanhu.

Chii viscosity? Zviumbu yakayerwa zvainyanya achapiwa, sezvo tsika, muna SI ino, uyewo vamwe vasiri SI dzakabatana.

Isaac Newton 1687, chigaro mutemo anokosha aibuda emura uye gaseous miviri: F = ƞ • {(v2 - v1) / (Z2 - Z1)} • S. In iyi, F - ndiro simba (tangential) iro kunokonzera iya iri chinjwa akaturikidzana muviri. The reshiyo (v2 - v1) / (Z2 - Z1) chinoratidza mwero nokuchinja emura kana gasi aibuda velocity ari kuchinja kubva rukoko mumwe chinjwa. Zvikasadaro aizivikanwa aibuda velocity gradient kana fura zvazvingava. Kwakakura S - ndiyo nzvimbo (mu muchinjikwa chikamu) muviri chekubuda chinjwa. Ƞ The proportionality chinokonzera ndiko kuti viscosity coefficient simba muviri ichi. Size, ayo Ivan Kuchin J = 1 / ƞ, mumwe fluidity. Force akaratidza por chikwata nharaunda (mu muchinjikwa chikamu) ari kuerera zvinogona dzaona maererano nzira: μ = F / S. Zviri chakakwana kana simba viscosity. Zviumbu yakayerwa muna SI mugadziriro, rinogona kutsanangurwa se Pascal wechipiri.

The viscosity unokosha panyama-kwemakemikari zvinoitwa zvinhu zvakawanda. Its ukoshi anoziva magadzirirwo uye nokushanda muridzo unoridzirwa uye mano umo sangano (semuenzaniso, kana vari kushandiswa kupomba) nemvura kana gaseous svikiro. Rinogona kuva mafuta, gasi uye dzavo-zvigadzirwa, gang yakaumbwa kana girazi, uye zvichingodaro. Viscosity dzakawanda kacho ndiye Qualitative hunhu intermediates uye yokupedzisira zvibereko siyana manufactures, sezvo zvinoenderana nemamiriro nefuma uye anoratidza physico-namakemikari mamiriro acho uye kuchinja kwezvinhu. Kakawanda, kufungidzira kuti kuramba deformation haasi kushandisa kana kuregedza kushanda ari simba uye kinematic viscosity, izvo zviumbu SI dzakabatana dziri inoratidzwa mativi mamita por wechipiri. Kinematic viscosity (runotaurwa ν) ndiyo nhamba iri guru viscosity (μ) kune Urume arambe achirema (ρ): v = μ / ρ.

Kinematic viscosity - a physico-namakemikari zvechadenga zvinhu, achiratidza kukwanisa kwayo pasi zvinoitwa rinokweva ehondo kurwisa kuerera.

The SI chairema kinematic viscosity chipimo Zvinonzi sezvo m2 / s.

Muna CGS gadziriro viscosity kunoyerwa panguva Stokes (St) kana centistokes (cSt).

Between izvi kuyera zviumbu pane ukama zvinotevera: Cm 1 = 10-4 m2 / s, ipapo 1 cSt = 10-2 Cm = 10-6 m2 / s = 1 mm2 / s. Kazhinji kinematic viscosity vari mumwe non-systemic chairema yakayerwa - ichi Engler madhigirii, iyo Stokes kuchinjwa anogona kuitwa nenzira empirical payakavakirwa: v = 0,073oE - 0.063 / oE kana tafura.

Kutendeutsa simba viscosity wegadziriro zviumbu aitwe extrasystematic mukana wokuti vanhu vanga: 1 Pa • C = 10 poises. Shorthand kuchinzi: AP

Kazhinji zvidzidzo zviri yaidzorwa Urume viscosity normative mapepa pamusoro rakapedzwa (vezvokutengeserana) chigadzirwa kana muitiro zvinodiwa pamusoro interm pamwe zvinogamuchirika-siyana kusiyana ichi Qualitative zvatariswa, uye pamwechete chikanganiso yakayerwa.

Kuti tizive viscosity pasi Murabhoritari kana maindasitiri ezvinhu vari viscometers siyana mazano. Vanogona kuva muhombe, pamwe bhora, rirambe richibvira, ultrasonic. Nheyo kuyera viscosity ane girazi rirambe richibvira viscometer kunobva Pakusarudza yapfuura nguva emura kuburikidza calibrated rirambe richibvira chubhu imwe dhayamita uye urefu, chenguva dzose viscometer inofanira kukurukurwa. Sezvo viscosity kwemashoko kunobva tembiricha (pamwe kuwedzera nayo zvichaita kuderera nokuda samolecular kinetic dzidziso somugumisiro kumhanyisa zviri kurongwa inofamba uye kudyidzana pakati mamorekuru), saka kuti bvunzo yokuenzanisira anofanira kuchengetedzwa kwechinguva pane imwe tembiricha kuti avhareji wokupedzisira munyika bhuku mharidzo. Kune nzira dzinoverengeka kwezvipimo viscosity bvunzo, asi rakajairika - iri Interstate mwero GOST 33-2000, zvakatemwa inobva kinematic viscosity, asi vezvikwata muchiitiko ichi mm2 / s (cSt), uye simba viscosity iri recalculated sezvo zvibereko kinematic viscosity pedyo arambe achirema.