Chii TCP-IP dzakati

Kusakarongeka pakati makombiyuta paIndaneti rinoitwa pachishandiswa samambure protocols vanoumba mumwe coherent akagadzirwa vamwe mitemo maererano iyo yakasiyana date yedzimudzangara mano kutsinhanisa ruzivo. Pane protocols kuti Format humboo yedzimudzangara kumhanya, kukanganisa-kuongorora, uye dzimwe protocols. The yose interconnection anowanzodanwa kushandiswa TCP-IP Protocol.

Chii Michina ichi? The zita Indaneti dzakati TCP-IP kunobva maviri rwomumbure protocols: yacho TCP uye IP. Chokwadi, protocols maviri hakugumiri kuvakwa network, asi ivo vari inokosha pakuti chokuita sangano pakati mashoko. Kutaura zvazviri, TCP-IP ari mamwe protocols hunoita nomumwe network zvabatanidzwa yokuumba pose network.

Protocol TCP-IP, iro Kuziviswa chiri zvisingaiti kunan'anura chete vamwe IP uye TCP, kunosanganisirawo UDP protocols, SMTP, ICMP, ftp, telnet, uye zvakawanda. Izvi uye zvimwe TCP-IP protocols anopa basa chinokosha Indaneti.

Below ndiyo rondedzero mumwe dzakati, chikamu mukuru yokuti TCP-IP.

• Internet Protocol (IP) ndiye anokonzera zvakananga kupararira mashoko ari pemambure. Information iri muzvikamu (nemamwe mazwi, omumasherufu) uye chinopfuudzwa kubva yatumira kusvika wacho. Nokuti kero chaiwo uchida kutaridzwa chaiwo kero kana nzvimbo yacho wacho. kero aya akaumbwa bytes mana vanoparadzaniswa mumwe ne nguva. Kero neimwe kombiyuta iri rakasiyana.

Zvisinei, kushandiswa imwe chete IP-dzakati zvingava kukwana kugadzirisa data, sezvo bhuku zhinji mashoko akatuma kupfuura 1,500 vatambi vachaita kuti kufanira mune rimwe packet uye dzimwe omumasherufu anogona kurasika panguva yedzimudzangara kana akatuma isiri muhurongwa, chii chinodiwa.

• Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) rinoshandiswa pana imwe LEVEL pane yapfuura mumwe. Inobva IP-dzakati kukwanisa kubvisa mashoko kubva raiva pedyo nebundu mumwe, TCP-dzakati unokubvumira kushandisa yakawanda mashoko. TCP ndiye anokonzera kugovana ruzivo chinopfuudzwa pamusoro dzakasiyana - omumasherufu - uye zvakakodzera kuzoita humboo omumasherufu vakagamuchira pashure hutachiwana. Panyaya iyi, kuti dzakati rwoga retransmits omumasherufu kuti ane zvikanganiso.

Data kurapa sangano iri bhuku guru kunogona kuitwa kuburikidza dzakatevedzana protocols kuti anokosha functionality. Kunyanya, zvinotevera mhando TCP-Protocol.

1. ftp (File Kutamisirwa Protocol) faira kuchinjirwa anoronga uye inoshandiswa nekufambisa mashoko pakati maviri Internet nodes vachishandisa TCP-kubatana zviri binary kana iri nyore rugwaro faira somunhu ainzi nzvimbo iri kombiyuta ndangariro. Hazvina basa apo mashoko dzakabatana dziri kurongwa uye vose vari interconnected.

2. User Datagram Protocol kana User Datagram Protocol, ndiyo yakazvimirira kwokubatana, izvozvo transmits mashoko omumasherufu, makatumidzwa UDP-datagrams. Zvisinei, dzakati ichi hachisi sezvo aiva sezvo TCP, nokuti poisoner haagamuchiri Data kuti pasuru chaizvoizvo yave kugamuchirwa.

3. ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) iripo wokushandura kukanganisa mashoko vasangana panguva mashoko mukutsinhana paIndaneti. Zvisinei, ICMP-chete dzakati anotaura zvikanganiso, asi asingaiti kubvisa zvinokonzera kuti kwakatungamirira zvikanganiso izvi.

4. Telnet - nomumbure dzakati rinoshandiswa kushandisa rugwaro inowanikwa kune zvakarukwa uchishandisa TCP senga.

5. SMTP (Simple Mail Kutamisirwa Protocol) - iri rinokosha kukurukurirana dzakati yemagetsi kukurukurirana kuti inorondedzera pamanyorerwo mashoko vakatumwa kubva kombiyuta imwe, inonzi SMTP-nemhosva kune chimwe kombiyuta ari kumhanya ari SMTP-Server. Uyezve, kushanda ichi inogona akambononoka kwenguva yakati, sokuvapo basa hazvirevi Activate zvose nemhosva uye Server.

Data kutapukirwa redunhu maererano TCP-IP dzakati

1. TCP dzakati rinokamukana yose Vhoriyamu mashoko munzvimbo omumasherufu uye nhamba navo kurongedza mu TCP-hamvuropu, izvo zvinoita kuti kudzorera nzira chokuwana nezvidimbu mashoko. Kana kuisa mashoko ari hamvuropu iyi kunoitika checksum kukarukureta, iro zvino akanyorwa TCP-Header.

2. Uyezve vose dzakati IP omumasherufu vari chakasvitswa zvakananga wacho.

3. Zvadaro, uchishandisa TCP dzakati iri zvazvakaipira kana ose omumasherufu vakapiwa. Kana munguva nokugamuchirwa dzaona zvakare checksum hakurevi kunowirirana pamwe unotaurwa pamusoro hamvuropu, zvinoratidza kuti ruzivo yave vakarasika kana dzakaora panguva yedzimudzangara, TCP-IP dzakati zvakare anokumbira mabhuku acho kwakaita pasuru iyi. Zvinodawo kuti mashoko kusvika kubvuma kubva receiver.

4. Pamusoro okutambirwa ari TCP omumasherufu anoronga navo maererano uye apiwa anounganidza mugomba chete chimwe.

TCP dzakati inoshandiswa retransmit data, ari kumirira nguva (kana timeout), iro rinopa mashoko akavimbika pakusununguka. Omumasherufu hunogona kutapukira zvose mirayiridzo panguva imwe chete.

Saka, TCP-IP dzakati anobvisa kudiwa retransmission uye kumirira chikumbiro pezvakaitwa (akadai Telnet uye ftp).