Kushandiswa kwemashoko kudhindwa muInternet

IInternet inopinda nyore nyore uye yakasimba muhupenyu hwevanhu vemazuva ano uye yakava chikamu chinokosha chayo. Iro network ndeyekukurukurirana, basa, zvinokanganisa. Zvakawanda zvino zvinobatanidzwa nazvo. Saka, nzira dzekubatanidza kuInternet dziri kuwedzera, pakati pedu tinogona kutaura fiber-optic, coaxial cables, Wi-Fi uye 3G. Muchiitiko ichi, kuwedzerwa kwemashoko kunotarirwa nemupi wega uye mutengo wakasarudzwa. Nzira yekubatanidza kuWebhu inokosha zvakare. Ngatimbokurukurai mamwe ezvo zvakadzama.

Usati wataura nezvekufambisa kwaungaitwa nedhidhiyo paInternet, unofanirwa kuziva kuti idzi data inotaridzirwa sei. Pakati pevashandi vanobatana nekombiyuta yekombiyuta, uye vadzidzisi-vashandisi vePC vanogamuchirwa sechikwata chekuyera kwekuwedzerwa kwekuwedzerwa kwemashoko emadhora , bits. Mutemo wepasi rose wakasimbiswa kuti aya majekiti anofanira kushandiswa nekutanga kweSIM. Sezvo nehupi hupi hwunoyera hwekuyera, kune zvakananga zvisizvo zvechidiki uye chete. Saka, megabit yakaenzana nezana nemakumi maviri nemashanu zvuru ne8-bit bytes, uye zana zana nemakumi maviri nemashanu kilobytes inokwana kusvika zana nemakumi maviri nemaviri bibbytes. Mune telecommunication kana mumakombiyuta emashandisi anoshandisa zita rokuti "megabit", iro rinoratidza kukurumidza kwokuti data inotumirwa kunetaneti.

Uye iko zvino, kubva munyanzvi, tinotendeukira kukutarisa kwemaiyo aripo ekukurukurirana, izvo zvinopesana nenzira iyo ruzivo runoparidzirwa. Ipai migove yematare, tambo uye wireless. Iyo yekare inoshandiswa kuparadzira dhizimusi data uye zviratidzo zvefoni. Izvo zvakarongeka zvekutumirwa kwemashoko emashoko, zvose analog uye digital. Kumakambani ekukurukurirana kwekambani anoshandiswa mumakombiyuta amanhare, kune marudzi matatu emakanda: twisted pair (data transfer transfer kubva 10 kusvika 100 megabits per second), coaxial (inoshandiswa muEthernet network) uye fiber optic cable. Iyo yekupedzisira inokwanisa kutumira chiratidzo kune imwe chete nzira. Asi nepo iyo ndiyo yakachengetedzwa zvikuru kubva pakupindira uye inokwanisa kutumira mashoko nekukurumidza-kusvika kune matatu gigabits pamusi wechipiri.

Nzvimbo dzisingabatsiri dzinobatanidza dzinosanganisira ma cell and satellite communications. Uye nyanzvi dzinoziva kuti ramangwana rakanyatsokonzera zvivako izvi zvekukurukurirana, izvo zvisingawani nhare dzinodiwa.

3G mitanda yakapararira muRussia nekuda kwevatungamiri vese vanofambisa: Beeline, MTS uye Megafon. Kuti uwane ruzivo rwehutano hwekubatanidza, zvakakwana kuti uve nefoni kana USB-modem, iyo inotsigira mitambo yechizvarwa chechitatu. Foni inotanga kushanda mumutambo weGG 3, kana isingatongopikisi nharaunda ye GSM. Izvi hazvirevi zvimwe zvigadziriro. Kuti uwedzere kuwedzerwa kwekufambisa kwemashoko, chimbo chinofanira kuchinjira kune "3G Only" mode, iyo inobvumira kutumira 3G-terminal (modem kana foni) kuenda kuMMTS mode. Somugumisiro, kunyange nechiratidzo chisina simba, kukurumidza kwekudzivirira data kubva paInternet kunogona kuwedzera.

Nhepfenyuro yakadaro yeredhiyo yekutumira data, kufanana neWi-Fi, WiMAX inogona kutumira mashoko ari kure nekusvika makiromita makumi mashanu uye inopa panguva imwe chete kusvika kumaegabits makumi manomwe nechipiri.

MuUt network, huwandu hwekuwedzerwa kwemashoko huri makumi mana nemasere kilobytes pamusi wechipiri. Izvi zvakakwana kutarisa mapeji ewebhu. Asi nekuda kwezvinoitika zvitsva, teknolojia yeHSPA, iyo yainzi 3.5G. Iyi inofanirwa kutumirwa kwepetet data kubva kune network kusvika kumuteresi (HSDPA) uye kubva kune muteresi kuenda kune network (HSUPA). Kuonga teknolojia itsva, ruzivo runoparadzirwa pamhanyi ye 3.6 Mbps. Haasi ose majeri emazuva ano anogona kushanda nayo.

Kuwanika paInternet kunowanikwa kuburikidza netsamba. Iyi fomu yekubatanidza kune network inowanzove pakati pevamaniki vePC. Paunenge uchishandisa kambani ye coaxial, kasi yekutengesa inogona kubva kubva mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu kusvika mazana mashanu kilobiti pamusi wechipiri. Kana tambo mbiri dzinoshandiswa, ipapo chiratidzo chisina kunyorwa chinogamuchirwa chimwe nechimwe, uye chiratidzo chechipiri chiratidzo chema timer. Iyo data inoparidzirwa muHDLCLC, iyo inosanganisira ruzivo pamusoro pekutanga nekuguma kwemashoko, uyewo kutonga mashoko, kuwedzera kune mashoko pachako.