Ndiani akazogadzira Turing bvunzo? Mibvunzo Turing bvunzo

Pamwe nhasi haasi munhu kanenge kamwe akanzwa pfungwa iyi pamusoro, sezvo nomuedzo Alan Turing. Zvichida vakawanda, vose zvavo, kure kunzwisisa chii chinoumba yokuedzwa hurongwa hwakadaro. Saka kugara pariri zvizere.

Chii Turing bvunzo: pfungwa

Kare mukupera 40-ies wekupedzisira remakore, pfungwa dzakawanda dzesayenzi mubasa matambudziko okutanga tsvakurudzo kombiyuta. Panguva iyoyo mumwe nhengo vamwe asiri ehurumende boka Ratio Club munyaya tsvakurudzo mumunda cybernetics, akabvunza mubvunzo zvakakwana musoro: zvinobvira kusika gadzirirwa kuti aigona kufunga somunhu, kana, zvichida kutevedzera maitiro ake?

Zviri pachena kuti ndiani akatanga Turing bvunzo? Pasinei, kwete. Nokuti kutanga hwaro yose pfungwa, iyo yava kushanda, zvinotevera pfungwa yatorwa: kana munhu achakwanisa vamwe nguva kutaura nevamwe interlocutor asingaoneki uri yakatosiyana zvemasanga shinda kuona uyo pamberi pake - munhu chaiye kana muchina? Nemamwe mashoko, mubvunzo harisi chete kuti vatevedzere injini chairo maitiro evanhu, asi kuwana kana iye anogona kufunga kuti pachavo. Pasina mubvunzo, pachine nyaya anoramba dzichipesana.

History chokusika

Kazhinji, kana tikafunga Turing bvunzo sezvo rudzi empirical kutsunga hurongwa "munhu" nezvaanogona pamusoro kombiyuta, zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti kunanga hwaro hwayo zvisikwa vaiva kuziva mashoko muzivi Alfred Ayer, raakanga akagadzira muna 1936.

Ayer pachake akaenzanisa, saka kutaura, chiitiko muupenyu vanhu vakasiyana, uye maererano pamusoro akaratidza pfungwa yokuti soulless muchina havaizokwanisa kupfuura munhu bvunzo, nekuti havazivi nzira yokufunga. At zvakanakisisa, ichava yakaisvonaka kutevedzera.

Pfungwa, zvazvakaita. Kuti vagadzire mafungiro muchina muduku kutevedzera. masayendisiti vazhinji somuenzaniso pamusana Wright hama, wakavaka ndege yokutanga, kusiya katsika kutevedzera shiri, izvo, sezvinei, aiita kunyange zvakadaro shasha akafanana Leonardo da Vinci.

Istria haritauri kana aiziva Alan Turing (1912-1954) pakati postulates izvi, zvisinei, muna 1950, akanga ari yose tsika nyaya vaigona kuona ukuru "humanized" yacho muchina. Zvisinei, uye ndinofanira kutaura, budiriro iri uye zvino chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru, zvisinei, kwatova yekuedzwa Somuenzaniso, kombiyuta bots uye zvichingodaro .. Chaizvoizvo, akava akadaro musimboti aigona rasai Turing bvunzo mapurogiramu mashoma. Uye ipapo, "enda" - akadaro tatamuka, sezvo bvunzo mugumisiro hatina kumbova mamakisi 100 muzana yakanakisisa nyaya - zvishoma kupfuura 50.

Pakutanga kwavo pakudzidza, vatsvakurudzi akashandisa rake kuvamba. Rainzi "bvunzo Turing muchina". Sezvo vose kukurukurirana aifanira kupinda chete muna papepa, musayendisiti akabvunza zvishomanana nhungamiro kuti kunyora mhinduro, dzakadai kwebasa Ribbon kuruboshwe kana kurudyi, wokudhinda chimwe hunhu, uye zvichingodaro. D.

Program Eliza uye muParry

Nokufamba kwenguva, zvirongwa vave zvikuru kunzwisisa, uye vaviri vari mumamiriro ezvinhu umo Turing bvunzo rakaiswa, akaratidza hunoshamisa zvabuda nenguva. Vaya simbi Eliza uye muParry.

Kana "Eliza", akasikwa 1960: pahwaro mubvunzo, muchina aifanira ndeakaita guru uye anoritsanangura kuti kudzoka mhinduro. Zvinokwanisika kunyengera chaivo vanhu. Kana mashoko akadaro hahuna, motokari anodzoka munhu Generic mhinduro kana kudzokorora imwe yapfuura. Zvisinei, nokufamba "Elisa" bvunzo achiri mubvunzo, nokuti vanhu chaivo vakanga nevanhukadzi chirongwa, iyo pakutanga akagadzirira mupfungwa dzinofamba kuitira kuti akafunga kuti kutaura murume, kwete muchina.

MuParry chirongwa fananei kune "Eliza," asi akasikwa kuti vatevedzere kukurukurirana paranoid. Chii zvinofadza zvikuru kuti varwere ayo kuedza izvi dzaishandiswa muzvipatara. Pashure pokunyora Kukurukurirana manotsi muna TTY muoti vakanga dzinoongororwa vanachiremba vepfungwa ounyanzvi. Chete muna 48 muzana nyaya, vakakwanisa nemazvo kuongorora apo vanhu, uye apo muchina.

Uyezve, anenge ose ipapo purogiramu basa, kufungisisa imwe nguva, sezvo vanhu panguva iyoyo akanga kufunga zvikuru nokukurumidza muchina. Now - pamusoro zvinopesana.

Supercomputer Deep Blue uye Watson

Hazvina kukwana kuti uratidzike anonakidza Development Corporation IBM, izvo zvisiri zvinhu kufunga, asi ane zvisingatendeseki kugadzira simba.

Zvichida, vazhinji rangarira sei muna 1997, ari supercomputer Deep Blue akahwina 6 yaiitwa mitambo wechesi kubva ipapo achitonga nyika shasha Garry Kasparov. Kutaura zvazviri, Turing bvunzo rinoshanda kune muchina uyu ndokunge chaizvo. Chinhu ndechokuti pakutanga vakaisa pasi chine templates mapato ane incredible yakawanda kududzira zviitiko. The motokari aigona vaongorore mamiriyoni 200 zvinzvimbo zvidimbu pamusoro bhodhi yechipiri!

Watson kombiyuta, iro raiva 360 processors uye 90 servers, akakunda American mutambo chokuratidza, vakagogodza ose parameters vemamwe maviri, nokuti iyo, chokwadi, akapiwa $ 1 miriyoni mubayiro. Zvakare, mubvunzo uri moot nokuti motokari incredible Encyclopedic zvemaBhaibheri Data dzakaiswa pasi, uye motokari chete vakaongorora mubvunzo uri pamberi Keywords, anoreva zvakafanana kana Generic machisi, ipapo akapa mhinduro yakarurama.

Emulator Eugene Goostman

Imwe zvinofadza zvikuru kuitika munharaunda iyi yaiva chirongwa odessite Evgeniya Gustmana uye Russian injiniya Vladimir Veselov, zvino kurarama muUnited States, iyo mimicked munhu mukomana ane makore 13 okuberekwa.

June 7, 2014 Eugene chirongwa akaratidza zvavanokwanisa zvizere. Sezvineiwo, 5 zvikepe 30 vanhu chaivo muchirongwa yokuedza. Chete muna 33% nyaya kubva vatongi zana aigona kusarudza kuti ichi ndicho kombiyuta. The apa ndechokuti dambudziko rakaoma nokuti mwana wacho njere dererei pane kuti munhu mukuru, uye ruzivo kunyange zvishoma.

Zvisinei Turing bvunzo mibvunzo vaiva rakajairika, nokuti Eugene (Euegene) vakanga concretized uye mimwe mibvunzo pamusoro zviitiko romuOdessa, aisagona kufuratirwa upi mugari. Asi mhinduro vachiri kumanikidzwa kufunga kuti vatongi mwana. Somuenzaniso, panyaya chirongwa pamusha akapindura pakarepo. Koda paakabvunzwa kana interviewee aiva mumwe musi mupurogiramu akati haadi kutaura nezvazvo. Kana interviewee akaedza kuomerera kutaura maererano zvaitika zuva iroro, Eugene Vanoramba kuti akati, vanoti, uye iwe unofanira kuziva, nei akanga achibvunza? Kazhinji, mwana Simulator akabudirira chaizvo.

Kunyange zvakadaro, zviri uchiri emulator uye kwete mafungiro ari. Saka Rise of Machines anozviramba yakareba chaizvo nguva.

The marapirwo

Pakupedzisira zvazvinosarira kuwedzera kuti chero bedzi prerequisites nokuda kwezvisikwa kufunga michina munguva yemberi iri pedyo ipapo. Zvisinei, kana kwokutanga mibvunzo kuzivikanwa kureva chaiyo kune michina, uye zvino kuti hausi muchina, zvakakodzera kuratidza kushanda mumwe nomumwe wedu. Imboona mazano inobudisa Internet kuti kuwana zviito zvimwe mhando. Kunyange zvazvo iri vaidavira kuti haisati akasika munhu wemagetsi anogona kuona mangled chinyorwa kana wakaiswa kuti vatambi, kunze murume. Asi uyo anoziva, chinhu kunobvira ...