Communication Protocol: date hutachiwana

Operation zvose omunharaunda uye pasi pose network kombiyuta, Mobile uye mamwe kukurukurirana mabasa kunosanganisira activation dzakasiyana kutaurirana protocols. Ndeupi wavo anogona kunzi rakajairika? Chii chingava kukosha kuMudzidzisi mitemo?

Ndezvipi kukurukurirana protocols?

The kukurukurirana dzakati - a kwezvipimo mazita mirayiridzo akaisa nzira iyo izvi kana zvimwe Software kana Hardware interfaces vanofanira nechokwadi kupararira date - zvakadai wenyaya, Graphics, maCD nemavhidhiyo hova. Kwakakodzera protocols vari kunyanya kuti zviite kuti scaling dzakasiyana kombiyuta network. Somuenzaniso, zviri Implementation pamusoro TCP / IP dzakati akwanise kubatanidza mashoko ari chaizvoizvo pasi pose, zvichiita kushamwaridzana makombiyuta ari yose Internet.

Mazuva ano musika mashoko michina protocols yokukurukurirana migero anoshandiswa pana siyana kwevari Implementation yokukurukurirana interfaces. Vari kuramba vari nani, yoku-. Nguva nenguva anovandudza protocols itsva, kuratidza chaizvo ari kukurukurirana pamusika. Various kutaurirana protocols aitwe emimbure zvose mumhuri uye mumaindasitiri kushandiswa, chinozoiswa pachishandiswa kwezvivako, yokutsvakurudza nzvimbo, etc. zvainyanya zvakafanana zvaanoda yakakodzera mhando - .. Ethernet, anogona, nenondo.

Uchishandisa kukurukurirana dzakati iri kuitwa mumunda Mobile kukurukurirana mabasa. Pakati avo - 3G, 4G, GPRS.

protocols izvi muna network ine Mobile dzaishandisa vakasiyana, kunyanya:

- kumhanya kuti umbowo Kupfuudzwa pakati rinotengeswa nevaridzi uye Mupi kutaurirana mabasa;

- on kakawanda zvisungo;

- maererano kunonyanyisa daro ari kukurukurirana mudziyo kusvika nechepasi yemapurisa.

Maererano kupatsanura kombiyuta yokukurukurirana protocols - ine zvikuru mukuru azvipire kunzwisisa. Funga wayo chaiwo akadzama.

Kupatsanura kombiyuta kutaurirana protocols

Kupatsanura dzazvinogara protocols zvinogona kuitwa uchishandisa zvakakwana vakawanda mharidzo. Akaparadzira rimwe pakukurukurirana mitemo zvingafananidzwe dziya mu dzakaderera uye yakakwirira mumatunhu. Pakati avo:

- rikashandiswa;

- Executive;

- chiitiko;

- senga;

- samambure;

- mugero;

- chaiko.

Ngatikurukurei kudzidza navo zvizere.

Application rukoko Network dzakati

Tikaritora sandara, umo mumwe kana mumwe kukurukurirana dzakati anogona Classified, anorondedzera zvikurukuru mafomu. Kureva, rinotipa kutaurirana pakati mambure kwezvivako uye mushandisi yakananga zvirongwa. Inoshandisa protocols akadai HTTP, Telnet, DNS, IRC, BitTorrent, uye vamwe vazhinji, kuburikidza icho kugoverwa ano mabasa paIndaneti.

Executive chechetere Network protocols

Panguva yakakodzera chechetere kukurukurirana dzakati kunosanganisira kuzviisa pasi vamwe mashoko. Kungava shanduko nzira anoitwa mune dzimwe protocols, Coding, compression pamusoro mafaira, utariri zvikumbiro siyana.

Dzinenge mafomu mibvunzo yakananga pomumbure, uye ipapo - vagotendeuka mumutauro kunzwisiswa nenzira Server. Uyezve pane chikumbiro kugadzira. Ipapo kufarira kubva Server iri mudzoke, akavapindurawo, mumutauro kunzwisiswa nenzira kushanda. Pakati yakakurumbira protocols yakakodzera mhando - ASN, ftp, SMTP. Unogona kusvika pamwero wakati kunzi vakadaro, uye HTTP, ftp.

Purogiramu rukoko yokukurukurirana protocols

Panguva iyi pachiyero kukurukurirana dzakati rinoshandiswa kuzadzisa imwe oparesheni - somuenzaniso, yaunonyanya kushandisa mamwe mabasa, kuumba kukurukurirana pechidzidzo, kutumira kana kugamuchira mumwe faira. Pakati vanhuwo protocols zvinoshandiswa zvinangwa zvakadaro - ASP, DLC, masokisi.

The senga rukoko kutaurirana protocols

Standards zvinoenderana mhando zvinoshandiswa zvinotitungamirira chokuendesa-siyana mashoko kubva zvakarukwa sangano kune mumwe. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, pane rinoitwa weboka mafaira ari munhu zvinhu - kuitira kuti zviite kuchinjwa yavo. By zvakakodzera mhando protocols zvinosanganisira TCP, UDP, RMTP.

Network dzakati chechetere

Inotevera mhando zvinodiwa, maererano zvinogona kushanda kukurukurirana hurongwa - pemambure rukoko protocols. Vane basa achifunga mashoko yedzimudzangara nzira, nomumbure kero rokushandura, nokuchinja, vachiongorora kunaka kwezvivako. protocols kwakadaro kungasanganisira, kunyanya, ndiye TCP / IP, ICMP. DHCP.

The date linked rukoko dzakati

mitemo iyi inoshandiswa nokushanda kiyi Hardware zvinoumba pemambure. Kwakakodzera protocols dzinoita hurongwa, pakutanga kwezvose, kutarisa umboo vakagamuchira kubva mumuviri layer nokuti kukanganisa. Kana zvakakodzera, akaitawo korrektirovka.V ravo kusanganisira zvinodiwa zvakadai - nevakawanda pakukurukurirana dzakati PPP, algorithms akadai kutedzemuka, L2F, PROFIBUS. In Zvinotaurwa, gwara protocols anogona kunzi, uye Ethernet.

Physical rukoko protocols

Inotevera azvipire kuita zvaanoda mubvunzo - chaiko. Pano, kuti kukurukurirana dzakati - mudziyo pedyo izvo zvakananga kupararira digitaalinen Data dzinoyerera - kuburikidza mirayiridzo chiratidzo nokuda waya kana redhiyo.

Kana waya yedzimudzangara anogona vakavhiyiwa zvinodiwa zvakadai RS-232, xDSL, 100BASE-T. Common kukurukurirana pasina tambo protocols - zvikurukuru, chinozoiswa tichibatsirwa Wi-Fi-routers - avo kuti chokuita IEEE 802,11 mhando.

takadzidza kupatsanura mitemo inogona kunzi ine ndokunge chaizvo. Saka, sezvo chikamu wake anogona kuva zvakaoma kutakura imwe dzakati kuna muchikwata chaiwo: kazhinji zvinoitika kuti mureza aishandisa panguva dzakasiyana siyana. Zvinobatsira kufunga muudzame tsanangudzo yakaperera zvikuru nevanhu pamusoro pamusika mashoko michina protocols. Sewevhu, Somuenzaniso, PPP kudzora dzakati (kukurukurirana - kuti nyaya matambudziko algorithms, izvo inopiwa kuMudzidzisi mureza).

Chii PPP dzakati?

Viewed dzakati rinotaura, sezvataona kumusoro, kusvikira zvinodiwa, yakaitirwa kuti pave nokushanda kwenhengo pomumbure kwezvivako ari mashoko kubatana rukoko. Zviri pasi rose: nevanhu yakakodzera dzakati munogona kuona authentication mudziyo kushandisa mashoko encryption mashandiro, kana zvichikodzera - faira compression.

Viewed dzakati chendangariro kushanda network kwakavakirwa vanhuwo kukurukurirana pfuma - zvakadai norunhare, cellular kutaurirana migero. протокол PPP связью был прерван, то это, скорее всего, будет означать невозможность получения пользователем фактического доступа к сетевым ресурсам, что предоставляются его провайдером. Kana imwe chirongwa zvabuda chinyorwa kuti PPP dzakati yakakanganiswa, zvino chinowanzoitika kureva nekusagona kuwana chaiko User kuwana samambure kupfuma kuti vanopiwa ne kwayo Zvatinoda.

Kune akasiyana akawanda kuMudzidzisi mureza - somuenzaniso, PPPoE, PPPoA. In dzakati ichi chivako mune mubvunzo unotora nemitemo akawanda: LCP, NCP, pap, chap, MLPPP. Chimwe nevakawanda nhasi IT-musika dzakati - HTTP.

Chii HTTP dzakati?

The akakodzera mureza iri kusashanda kuti kushandisa hypertext date Exchange kwezvivako - zvavo pakati makombiyuta uye servers paIndaneti. Rinoreva zvinhu protocols izvo zvinopa kuti World Wide Web. By default, chirongwa chinotsigirwa vakawanda ano kukurukura Ezvemutauro dzakakurumbira uchishandisa hurongwa. Akatsiga - zvakaoma kufungidzira zvinhu umo rokushandisa chidzitiro kuchaita mifananidzo inokukurudzira kumusoro shoko HTTP-zvirongwa zvakadai «PPP-dzakati muchikurukurirana yakakanganiswa". Mune imwe nyaya zvakanyanyisa - kana, nokuti chipi chikonzero, midziyo nokuti simba racho HTTP mureza asipo, zvinokwanisika kuti uchatamisa mafaira paIndaneti kushandiswa Somuenzaniso, ftp dzakati, kunyange zvazvo kakawanda, kushandiswa kwayo Angasava Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri zvichachipedza.

Mureza muna mubvunzo, kunosanganisira kuchinjwa umboo kubva Hardware uye Software zviri chinhu ari chinzvimbo iri nemhosva kune server vakutarisire. Wokutanga anotumira chikumbiro wechipiri, uye anoita kwavari maererano isingachinji algorithm. Kune mhando dzakawanda vaiona zvinyorwa Somuenzaniso, https, HTTP-Ng. The chikuru zvakanakira kuita chokwadi chokuti HTTP dzakati yazova rimwe zvikuru nevanhu:

- yose sezvakaita;

- nyore Implementation;

- tinogona kuwedzera;

- kuvapo kutsigira paupamhi kubva Software vapemhi.

Pane uye ane nhamba zvaaikanganisa, penyanzvi dzinounzwa:

- munhu zvakakwana yakawanda nomumwe kukurukurirana;

- nekusagona vakaparadzira kadambari;

- nekusagona kufamba pfuma vaipinda pamusoro Server.

Tataura pamusoro kuti vaiona kukurukurirana mureza anotsigirwa zvikuru uchishandisa hurongwa User, uyewo kuparadzira usashandisa zvinhu. Zvisinei, kukura kwebasa dzakati iri substantially upamhi hwazvo hunopfuura Implementation kukurukurirana algorithms mukati tsika mhinduro. HTTP mwero rinoshanda munyika indasitiri, mavhidhiyo zvokuongorora hurongwa, SCADA kwezvivako.

A dzakawanda vagadziri, kukurukura siyana kukurukurirana protocols mune network sechinhu muzinda kuvaka kukurukurirana kwezvivako, sarudza chaizvoizvo HTTP - sezvo kushanda uye yakavimbika mudziyo kupa mukana siyana paIndaneti pfuma, configuration zvinhu, zvakasiyana devaysa zvakanaka.

Kana isu kutaura zvakananga pamusoro indasitiri, ndeimwe mukurumbira Modbus dzakati anogona kunzi kuMudzidzisi kumusika chidimbu.

Chii Modbus dzakati?

The akakodzera mureza dzinowanzotsigi- kushandiswa interoperability pakati dzakasiyana zvinhu mukati kwezvivako kushandisa michina iri mukugadzira. Hunomiririrwa runoenzanirana dzakati anogona kuve avo akasiyana-siyana kuti vari dzakashandisa nokupfuuridzirwa mashoko ari imwe mhando pakukurukurirana mugero - that no wired, Wireless (uyewo kune wokutanga mhando zvinhu zvingasanganisira mhangura, faibha-optic netambo - uye vamwe kunatsiridza dzakati rakagadzirirwa padzo, ari kutaura).

Kune shanduro Mobdus, akachinja wokushandura umboo pamusoro TCP / IP. Chimwe akakurumbira pakati maindasitiri sarudzo - PROFIBUS-FDL.

Chii PROFIBUS-FDL dzakati?

Viewed dzakati anoshanda mukati PROFIBUS pomumbure kuti rapararira pakati emakambani European. kumumvuri Its akanga yakataurwa Siemens nyanzvi uye kuiswa pakuburitswa munzvimbo controllers zvinobatanidzwa.

Zvadaro, nemambure kwezvivako yakaumbwa pachishandiswa Germany Development Corporation, umo siyana rwokugadzirwa uye dzichipfekeka zvaidiwa Serial kukurukurirana vakanga zvabatanidzwa, kuva munda pamwero. Viewed zvakarukwa dzakati akabvumira kusangana siyana kushandisa michina mano mugomba chete kugadzirwa hurongwa. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti PROFIBUS-FDL dzakati - kwete chete anoshanda sezvo akati maindasitiri network. Zvisinei, izvozvo ndiye ane pfungwa nemaonero applicability nokuda sangano yekuwaniswa huru bhazi.

Imwe nzira kana mumwe, vaiona kukurukurirana dzakati iri vaisanganisa pamwe anotevera mitemo:

- DP;

- PA;

- FMS.

PROFIBUS DP dzakati rinoshandiswa kuti umbowo mukutsinhana pakati vaitungamirira maindasitiri devaysa mhando DP, uyewo mano umo kwezvavakaisa goho riri chinozoiswa pedyo vakagovera zano. Uye sezvamakaropafadzwa akati dzakati runoita Exchange Data panguva kumhanya. Iyewo ane hwakanyatsorwisa pasi mari Implementation, izvo zvinogona kuita kuti munhu akakurumbira uye diki mabhizimisi.

PROFIBUS PA mureza rinobvumira kutaurirana pakati kwezvivako randinogara midziyo chokuita munda pamwero. The dzakati iri optimized nokuti unobva sensors siyana uye zvigadziriswe zvachose Linear kana mhete bhazi.

PROFIBUS FMS mureza kunoratidzwa pakawanda. Rakagadzirirwa kureva umbowo mukutsinhana pakati yepamusorosoro zvinoumba ari maindasitiri kwezvivako - makombiyuta, programmers, controllers.

Pakati pakugona ari protocols uchishanda PROFIBUS - kubudirana pachena (kureva, vanogona kushandiswa chero indasitiri aifarira), kupararira (inotungamira Mufananidzo scaling kuti maindasitiri kwezvivako kuwedzera pamisika, kuvhura kugadzirwa zvivako zvitsva).

pfupiso

Saka, takurukura hunhu kukurukurirana protocols, kudzidza zvinoitwa nevamwe dzakakurumbira akasiyana kuMudzidzisi mitemo. chikuru basa ravo - kuona mashoko mukati kwezvipimo zvinogona. Ndicho - avo kuti inogona scaled mhiri kwezvivako kazhinji zvikuru kupfuura kutambudzwa imwe kambani.

Kutaura zvazviri, tiri kutaura pamusoro dzakawanda mitemo: ano cellular kukurukura protocols, that no wired, Wi-Fi-kukurukurirana, zvakapararira zvikuru, nyore nyore, nyore kukwira. Zvechokwadi, dzimwe nguva, kunyange pose mumisika yakadai urongwa Mobile yokukurukurirana mabasa zvichibvira kushandisa emunharaunda protocols, asi zvinodiwa zvikuru pezvitsiga - kuzozivisa, kana hazvina zvinopesana zvinodiwa mumabhizimisi, uye mune zvimwe zviitiko - uye hurumende, napo dzibatane zvaanoda, kuti kuchawedzera kukurukurirana dzakawanda.

Pane zvinhu zvinoverengeka zvinokosha kukurukurirana protocols. Munguva Indaneti, zvinosanganisira HTTP, TCP / IP. Mune chidimbu mabasa kupa zvakarukwa kupinda avo anogona kunzi PPP mureza. Kana rokushandisa angatarisira shoko kuti PPP-kubatana kudzora dzakati wakagumiswa, iye ingangova haana kukwanisa kuwana kuwaniswa paIndaneti pfuma kana Via HTTP, kana kushandisa TCP / IP. Saka, mumwe mwero kwakakosha uye, chokwadi, kakawanda kacho, ari zvakabatana chaizvo nevamwe. Kana rimwe dzakati kubatana iri hwakakanganiswa, zvingangoita kuti inodzidzisa havazokwanisi kuwana kuwana mari nokuti sangano kukurukurirana iyo mimwe mitemo.

Communication Protocols - chinokosha chokushandisa nekugadzirisa matambudziko akaoma mune tsika kukurukurirana, uyewo maindasitiri, basa sectors. By zvakakodzera kusarudza imwe mureza kunoenderana kubudirira Implementation ane yakakodzera kwezvivako, uyewo kubudirira kwayo - maererano ino kuita reshiyo wayo kugadzwa mutengo. Saka, mangwanani kudzidza zvivako samambure protocols, pakusarudza Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri - chinokosha basa ebhizimusi mamaneja mutoro pakutevedzera uye upgrading kuti kukurukurirana kwezvivako wekambani.