Chii mudziva uye chii vari zviratidzo zvayo? Zviratidzo Lake Baikal (Grade 2)

Reservoirs panyika vaine mavambo. Pakusika kwavo kunosanganisira mvura, mazitombo echando, mhepo uye goko paNyika. Zviratidzo gungwa, iyo yakabuda saizvozvi zvinogona zvakasiyana.

Chii nyanza

Chii gungwa, ndezvipi zviratidzo zvayo? Mhinduro yomubvunzo uyu ine jogirafi mabhuku. Lake - mwoyo pasi goko nemvura, izvo kuvandudzwa anononoka. Nokupesvedzera okunze vari vakaumba Makomba. Ivo pakupedzisira kuzadzwa ne pamusoro kana pasi. Saka, imwe itsva muviri mvura.

Masayendisiti, geographers zvave zvakasiyana classifications madziva ari pamberi kasvisto uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka, salinity uye nzira inotungamirwa. Kuchikoro, kudzidza zvakadzama zviratidzo dziva (class 2).

Upenyu madhamu vanowanzotevedzera kuva mukuru azvipire mineralization. The chikuru kuwanda mvura reservoirs inoumbwa tectonic uye kuputika kwendangariro. Chikamu pakadzika pasi pegungwa inoumbwa mazizaya munguva dzokera shure kwavo. More zvikuru reservoirs vakasikwa nomunhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinodiwa. Muduku vose madhamu kwakaitika somugumisiro vaparadzane kubva munyanza.

dhamu nyanza

Signs dhamu mudziva mhando: pamberi pomupata vakaprofita rokuunganidza chando, Madhaka, avalanches nematombo uye dzimwe mhando reservoirs izvi .:

• River. Munguva yezhizha pasi mvura yoga dzemvura, izvo pamwero dzimwe nguva inowira pasi pomubhedha pamusoro. The rwizi ichichinja necheni madziva akaparadzaniswa zvakakangwa nzvimbo.
• Floodplain. mamwe zita ravo - tsaru vakadzi. Kana rwizi kuti nzira dzayo mupfupi, ari nzvimbo yaimbova murwizi akaumba mudhamu.
• Valley. Vanoonekwa mugomo mumipata, apo pane hova. Somugumisiro, mukanyiwa kudonha matombo njanji overlaps yepanyama dhamu. Zvakaratidza dziva itsva.
• Coastal the lagoon uye estuaries. Wokutanga duku kudzika bays, izvo vakaparadzaniswa mugungwa jecha kana rwizi sediments. Wechipiri - muromo rwizi, akafukidza pagungwa.

moraine Lake

Kutakura moraine madhamu kuti akaumbwa somugumisiro rechando kufamba. Unorema vavo akaonekwa ari Quaternary munguva. Munguva shure pamusoro rechando inosiya muhwezva zvinosanganisira yakawanda zvakapwanyika (jecha, mavhu, ivhu, dombo, etc.). Morena haisi zvakaenzana uye anosika zvikomo uye dzegirini. Mushure achizadza mvura yokupedzisira kuva madhamu.

Ndezvipi zviratidzo kwakadai mugungwa kupfuura oneka? Kazhinji, kudzika dura idukusa 10 m, uye pamahombekombe inotangira nechomukati gandiwa. Vazhinji vavo vane nzvimbo diki, asi pane madhamu makuru (Seliger, ilmenite, Peipsi nharaunda).

torni

Mabviro makungwa aya anodawo kuti rechando. The matambudziko chando, firn uye weathering zvakatungamirira chimiro in, izvo yazara mvura. Kusangana reservoirs izvi zvinogona kuva mukuru mumakomo. Zviratidzo kwegungwa (cirque) round kana denderedzwa chimiro, tsoka duku, muganhu kumeso, bluffs, flat pasi.

Nzvimbo dzidzo yavo - dzegirini pamusoro mawere. Vanounganidza chando uye chando, izvo kubudikidza akadzokorora utsotso uye nechando vasimbe motokari.

karst madhamu

Akadana karst nyanza, izvo akasimuka achifuridzirwa pamusoro mvura uye pasi. Voids vari akaumba pasi pasi pamusana dzinotsanagura pokutaura uye kusukwa duku nezvimedu dzevhu. Papera kanguva pasi, yaiva pamusoro penzvimbo, uye fanera vachakundikana.

Zviratidzo izvi mhando rwegungwa; sinkholes, mvura yakazara. Vaitsanangura uye avo kuti kuumbwa permafrost munharaunda. For makungwa aya sezvaari rinokosha rokuti - thermokarst.

Deflation, tectonic uye kuputika madhamu

Deflationary nyanza (wechipiri zita ravo - aeolian) vari mvura yakazara nemaburi Dunes. weathering pezvakaitwa dzimwe nguva kuumba grooves kuti ave hwaro dura. Vanewo vachinzi aeolian. Zita iri rine midzi Greek: Aeolus - mwari mhepo.

Tectonic nyanza kwakaitika somugumisiro vanoshingaira pezvakaitwa vari goko. kazhinji vane rakakura saizi. Baikal - randinenge mumiririri tectonic madhamu.

Volcanic madhamu anogona kuwanikwa craters nemipata pamusoro pechiso haachandidi dhaka.

nyanza Baikal

Lake Baikal - yakakurumbira mudziva Russian Federation. Riri pedyo nepakati Asia, uye mukurumbira wake apararira kure mhiri kondinendi. Ichi chimwe chezvinhu madhamu vekare panyika, zviri makore anenge mamiriyoni 25. Panguva ino kureba chinhambo pakati pemahombekombe maviri yakawedzera 2 cm pagore. Kuburikidza mamiriyoni kwemakore, dziva richava zvakawanda.

The inozivikanwa zviri Lake Baikal:

• Kunonyanyisa udzamu - 1,62? Km.
• Area - 31,5 zviuru km ^{2 ..}
• Rine chimwe muzvishanu mvura yakachena yepasi wacho. Kuzadza chinhu pamubhedha Baikal Amazon zvaizotora makore 4.
• Gungwa anomhanya 336 nzizi, remasangano iyo - the Selenga. Nezvokuvandudzika hafu Vhoriyamu mvura vakabatsira.
• Angara - chete rwizi yaiyerera kubva Lake Baikal. It yakavakwa Irkutsk HPP uye akasika pamapatya Dam, chikuru munyika.

Gungwa mvura ine yebhuruu ruvara zvakadzama, uye kuchena kwayo hunoshamisa. In June mvura pachena kunonyanyisa, saka tinogona kuona nyore chii iri kudzika 40 m. The munyu tigutsikane mudziva chiduku kuti dzinoyerera murwizi kwarwuri mukuru mineralization. Fani iyi haasati ane tsananguro nesayenzi. Pane pfungwa, maererano iyo Lake Baikal pa zvakadzama kukuru ndiko simba anenge kwakadonhera mvura.

At mabasa chikoro pamusoro zvakasikwa zviri Lake Baikal vari kudzidza (Grade 2). vadzidzi vose vanoziva chaizvo kuchena mvura. Kudzidza nyaya iyi hazvigoni akati pamusoro chinoitwa mupenyu, kuburikidza nemvura kubva gungwa zvakakodzera kunwa pasina asati kucheneswa. Ichi duku Crustacean epishura kuti anogara bedzi mudziva. Nguva dzose filters mvura nokuisa nayo nomuviri. Crustacean ichi - kwete chete endemic. To boka iri ndezvaJehovha ⅔ kuti vamiririri kasvisto uye Fauna of Lake Baikal. Gungwa rinowanikwa anenge 2,6 zviuru. Species zvipenyu.

Muzana remakore rapfuura, kwegungwa akanga pasi simba anthropogenic simba. On pamhenderekedzo Lake Baikal pulp nebepa paguyo inovakwa, uye pamusoro rwizi Selenga - CCC. Pane vazhinji vanondipikisa kuisa kushanda, asi kudiwa mu zvigayo izvi waiupfuura. Eko emakambani ane nezvakwakaipira kukanganisa nemiti uye fauna of kwegungwa. Mishonga kuti XXI remakore chepfu Unorudzi 10 km ² pedyo nemhenderekedzo mapazi. Self-kuchenesa mano Baikal parunogumira. Kana tipping nguva kunoitika, ipapo kunze gungwa hakuchina zvinobvira.