Plants - chii ichi? yemiti

World yakatipota iri siyana uye zvakasiyana-siyana. Nature, izvo tinoona ose zuva - zviri zvechokwadi umambo hukuru, izvo vakasimudza zvinomera. Dzimwe nguva watinoyemura navo, dzimwe nguva chete regai cherechedzai, asi chokwadi ndechokuti zvinomera - chinhu akaparadzana nyika kuti tichigara. Anorarama uye dzinoita maererano mitemo mumwe yavo, asi pasina izvozvo zvakavapo vasingazodyi kana mhuka kana vanhu.

Chii?

Chokwadi mumwe nomumwe wedu kuziva mazita zvimwe zvinomera uye nzira vanotarira chokwadi. Vanhu vazhinji nyore vachange kusiyanisa Chestnut Mashizha kubva dzomuakasia, ruva AND tulip Poppy. Asi bhotani sayenzi inogona kupindura, chii mhando, mhuri kana boka umo chirimwa wakapiwa achatumidza dzinogarisana ake uye dzimwe nuances asingazivikanwi zvavo murume.

Kutaura zvazviri, chirimwa - zvipuka zvine masero akawanda chivako kuti akaisa yekare muzivi wechiGiriki Aristotle ari mukirasi zvipenyu, havagoni kufamba. Sezvatinoziva, zvinomera zviri kuri mumashoko kukura, asi hachivaiti muchadenga.

Imwe chaiyoiyo tsanangudzo rokuremekedza ichi hachisi chipo, asi vose masayendisiti vakasvika pakugumisa kuti zvinomera - ndiyo imwe akasiyana muviri. Nemhaka kwaari, regai inonyangarika kubva hunhu zvimwe zvinhu zvipenyu, uyezve, vanokurukura kazhinji uye ushande.

zviratidzo zvinomera

Pasinei chokwadi kuti munyika mune rakakura kwazvo zvinomera (vanenge 320 000 marudzi, asi maererano kumwewo, pane vanenge 350 000), kuchine nzira, iyo dzinoiswa zvinenge zvose zvinenge zvakadaro:

• Gobvu membranes vakaberekwa masero cellulose.
• Kuvapo chloroplast ane mutema ruvara naro photosynthesis ichaitika, uye somugumisiro, pane mutema Ruvara mashizha.
• Plants havagoni kufamba muchadenga.
• Kukura zvipenyu izvi zvinotora nzvimbo nguva dzose, rose upenyu yatinofema.
• Regulation zvirimwa upenyu tichiregeredza chirimwa mahormone.

Plant kusiyana

Sezvambotaurwa, sainzi anoziva guru mari kasvisto. yemiti - zvinenge avo vane dzimwe tsika zvakafanana vari nhaka. Somuenzaniso, chimwe-mhando vaiona rehapa May, sirivha, Transcaucasus. Saka Classified kwete chete miti, asi mhuka nezvimwe zvisikwa zvipenyu.

View akabatanidza kupinda genus, kuti genus - mumhuri, kwakabva mhuri - kuti, ndarayira - ari mukirasi, kirasi - muDhipatimendi, uyowo - muboka. Yepamusoro tupembenene - zvinenge avo vane kunzwisisa Kusiyanisa. Vari rakakamurwa mudzi, mashizha uye hunde (kana hunde).

Akasiyana zvachose dzakanga kunzvimbo dziri dzakaderera zvinomera - avo kuti kurarama mumvura, vasina midzi, maruva, madzinde. Vangave kuroorwa-celled uye makuru kwazvo, richisvika 50-60 mamita pakureba. dzinza ichi kunoitika miti zvose pasina chakasara.

Pane mhando hatizvizivi nesayenzi, avo vari akavhura ose gore nemasayendisiti pasi pose, wakanaka uye kuwira zvayo kupatsanura. Kana zvinenge zvakadaro kupatsanura ichi haisi kusika idzva. Panewo zvinomera zviri kunyangarika pachiso panyika. mhando yakadaro inonzi pangozi kana pangozi. Ivo vakapinda mune Red Book.

Kuwedzera siyana yemiti uyewo zvakasiyana muchimiro upenyu - kuti chitarisiko, izvo isu Maiona vakamupoteredza. Ava miti, nemiti, mizambiringa, nemiti, Succulents uye miriwo. Mumwe nemumwe siyana izvi tinoberekwa ayo mamiriro.

Chii chiri chirimwa

chirimwa chimwe nechimwe chine yayo nemamwe mamiriro. Zvichienderana mhando kwayo dzinoshandurwa. Vamwe vavo vane unicellular, nepo vamwe vane kunzwisisa nemamiriro ezvinhu. Somuenzaniso, muti - muti rinopiwa chemhando muchikwata. It ane wandei mitezo uye chimwe chezvinhu zvakaoma mhando kasvisto.

Pasinei neizvi, vakawanda chirimwa rine mudzi, chokumisa kana hunde, mashizha, nguva nenguva (pamiti yose) - mavara umo michero angatanga. Dzimwe, akadai dzomusango akasimuka, akasimuka makwenzi uye nomuti vane minzwa. Yavanobata rwokudzivirira basa nokuda zvinomera, zvekuti vakange vasingagoni kudya mhuka kana kukuvadza vanhu.

Pachivande uye pamusoro-pasi chikamu chirimwa

The Mudzi chirimwa - ndiko kwainyanya kubva simba. It anowanzodanwa iri pasi pasi uye kusimbisa muviri nounyoro uye zvinovaka muviri. Pasina chikamu ichi chirimwa chete anofa. Nokuda muzambiringa inogona inoparadzirwa nevamwe yemiti. Pasina izvozvo, vachaparara. Somuenzaniso, ferns, kunyange kana zvakanga akacherwa kubva muvhu nokuda kwegore anogona kukura zvakare pedyo panzvimbo mugadzi ake achikura.

It ngaubve mudzi kwedzinde. Akaronga wemigove, akakwirira zvinomera. Izvi zvinokosha chezvinonhuwira zvipenyu, nekuda kwake mashizha, maruva uye mvura muchero akapa, zvicherwa, miriwo muto circulates. Kana midzi vasina zvinokurisa zvakakwana, kuti hunde achava usimbe uye rwakakwana kana kunyange kufa.

Madzinde, kunyange dzakachinjwa, anganzi itsvo (kutanga vanobva izvo kukura mabukira), spines (nhungirwa pfupi unopinza muromo - akasimuka, nezvikara akasimuka), ndebvu (mazambiringa), platyclade (cacti) uye pseudobulbs (thickening vakapoteredza pasi zvimwe orkideat).

Pachivande madzinde akakamurwa rhizome (mhando dzakasiyana miti), tubers (mbatatisi), stolons (ADOXA), girobhu racho (hanyanisi, seruva), tubers (Gladiolus). Mune dzimwe mhando, ivo vanoshumira chete kubereka, apo vamwe - a muzinda mashizha.

Chimwe chikamu kunozivisa dzakanga zvinomera, - semucheka. Saka akadana muviri dzokunze iyo rinobatanidzwa photosynthesis, unogona musungo unyoro uye zvinovaka muviri.

Flower, michero, mbeu ...

zvikamu izvi zvinomera dzinonzi rokubereka, kureva rokubereka. Zviri akavonga kwavari uye kunosvika upenyu zvipenyu Panyika. Kana zvikaonekwa inguva yokuti nerimwe chirimwa, zvinoita sokuti ruva, ipapo muviri vagadzirira pollination uye mberi maberekero. Kuoma ruva mamiriro anoponesa pistils uye Stamens pollinate navo, gare gare panzvimbo yayo kuitira kuti akazviratidza muchero. metamorphosis ichi dzinoratidzwa miti yemichero uye mamwe makwenzi.

Vamwe vane vamiriri maruva ari ruva mujinga ari pistil, ovule vari apo mbeu kukudziridza. Vamiriri ichi mhando zvinomera zviri gorosi, Poppy uye nevamwe.

Chibereko chirimwa - ndiro yokupedzisira danho iri kukura ruva. Rine zvakawanda zvinokosha kuti muviri, izvo zvinodiwa kwomuzvarirwo upenyu uye kubudirira. Exploring yose michero sayenzi chairo - carpology. Pashure pezvose, kupatsanura kwavo siyana zvikuru uye yakakura.

Chinowanzoonekwa inowanikwa muchero mbeu zvinomera. Zvinonzi aumba kubva ovule uye ndiye chikamu kuburikidza iyo vanhu vacharamba kutaipa. Dyarai Mbeu - utachiona ichi ramangwana muviri, izvo kuberekwa inotevera nguva kukura.

Nei miti?

Pasina chirimwa upenyu paisazova mhuka kana munhu. Ndizvo avo basa rinokosha iri redu. Plants - avo zvipenyu Sechipanji rezuva simba uye kuichinja inobatsira zvinhu voga. Vanewo dzinoratidzwa mukana kuoresa mhepo. Rokutora hunokuvadza carbon dioxide, ivo kusunungura okisijeni. Naizvozvo, tinogona kutaura chokwadi kuti pane yose yenyika zvinhu zvipenyu kuburikidza miti.

Plants zvokudya mhuka uye vanhu. Pasina ivo paisazova noupenyu. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, pane domestication yemiti uye dzavo kurimwa. Pashure pezvose, kwete mumwe nomumwe wavo anogona kushandiswa sezvo Somuenzaniso, zvakanga mbatatisi, izvo kukura pamusoro yecocoa of America iri zvachose kukodzera kuzodya. Asi kana izvozvo akaunzwa kuna Europe uye dzaichengetwa, akava muriwo kubva vagere redu.

Environmental kuchengetedzwa

Kwete chete processing gasi dzinokanganisa yakachena yakakurumbira chirimwa. Vanodawo zvakanaka chaizvo pane generating simba zvimwe zvinhu zvipenyu. Plants - chaiyo okisijeni masiki yepasi hunotsigira kutsigira upenyu pamusoro payo.

Mukuwedzera, vamiririri nemiti ndivo chikafu chikuru nokuda herbivores zhinji. Asingadyi nyama, vangadai vatarisana yokupona. Saka, zvinenge izvi zvinobatsira chaizvo kuti zvinangwa chikafu.

Uyewo, ivo chaizvo kuti ivhu. Wood - ndiwo muti kuti ayo refu midzi kubatsira kudzivirira kukurwa kwevhu, anochengeta rwizi mabhanga kuteurwa.

Flower - nomuti rinounza yakawanda kuti pfungwa. It kuripa dzemazororo, akura pamusoro windowsills uye kuyemura mavara shimmering uye rakasiyana hunonhuhwira.

mhedziso

Basa rinokosha mararamiro yepasi inogarwa zvirimwa zvose. Vakaguta nezvipembenene mukume. Kazhinji, hapana zvinomera upenyu Panyika haana kurarama zvachose.