Chii chiri mutauro Aesop, uye chii chiri kukosha mune mabhuku wepanguva

Takanzwa kakawanda mashoko okuti "mutauro Aesop." Izvi izwi rinorevei uye kupi sei kuitika? Hazvizivikanwi kuti munhu akadaro akararama, kana chiri chinhu seboka mufananidzo. Pane ngano zhinji pamusoro pake, nyaya hwake zvakanyorwa Ages. Maererano nengano, iye akaberekwa ari VI remakore BC. e. muna Asia Minor Zvisinei, uye aiva muranda Lydian mambo Croesus, unyanzvi pfungwa, unyanzvi uye noumhizha akabatsira vawane rusununguko rwake uye akaita yakakurumbira vazhinji namarudzi.

Chokwadi, kuti aiva baba kuvambwa unyanzvi ichi kokutanga uye akashandisa mutauro Aesop. Mienzaniso unotibatsira yezvechitendero iyo inoti Croesus wakati wakanwa akawandisa, akatanga kuvimbisa, kana anogona kunwa gungwa uye akaita bheji, kuisa mungozi zvose hwake. Mangwanani akatevera, wakasvinura, mambo akatsvaka rubatsiro muranda wake, uye vakavimbisa kumupa rusununguko rwake kana kununura nayo. Muranda akachenjera vamurayira ati: "Ini akavimbisa kunwa chete gungwa, hapana nzizi uye nenzizi mariri. Ravadzivirira, uye ini achazadzisa vimbiso yangu. " Uye sezvo hapana akakwanisa kusangana ichi, Croesus akakunda bheji.

Somuranda, zvadaro musunungurwa, mumwe somuzivi akanyora ngano, izvo vaimuseka upenzi, makaro, nhema, uye vamwe zvakaipa vanhu aiziva - kunyanya tenzi wake zvekare uye muranda wake-pakuva shamwari. Asi nokuti akanga ari murume kumanikidzwa, ipapo nguo dzake rondedzero zvinofananidzira, periphrasis, akareva mumadimikira, uye magamba avo vaziva pasi mazita mhuka - makava, mhumhi, makunguo, etc. Ndiwo mutauro Aesop. The mifananidzo kusetsa nyaya dzaiva nyore kucherechedzwa, asi "prototypes" kugona kuita chinhu kunze chinyararire hasha. Pakupedzisira, vavengi akadyara Aesop chakabiwa kubva mutembere mudziyo, uye vapristi Delphi vakamupomera kuba uye zvinhu zvitsvene. Somuzivi akapiwa mukana kuzivisa muranda - iyi, muridzi wayo aifanira kubhadhara chete akaisvonaka. Asi Aesop vanosarudza kuramba vakasununguka uye kubvuma kurangwa. Maererano nengano, akanga akandwa kure pamawere pa Delphi.

Saka, kuonga kwake chibhende, asi allegorically mabhii Aesop akazova muvambi mabhuku Genre, somunhu ngano. Muchikamu chinotevera nenguva hwoudzvinyiriri uye kukanganisa rusununguko rwekutaura ngano Genre ainakidzwa mukurumbira mukuru, uye musiki kwayo kwakanga gamba chaiyo mune ndangariro nezvizvarwa. Tinogona kutaura kuti mutauro Aesop kure akararama musiki wake. Saka, muna Vatican miziyamu inochengeterwa Antique mbiya hwakarongwa ane musana wakakombama (kubudikidza nengano, Ezop nevakange dzakashata chitarisiko uye akanga ane musana wakakombama), uye Fox, iyo inotaura chinhu - vatsoropodzi vanodavira kuti wokutsauka mbiya kuratidzwa ngano. Vanyori venhau vanoti mu chivezwa dzinoti "Manomwe Vachenjeri" muAtene kamwe vakamira chidhori Aesop aricheke Lysippos. Zvino kwaiva dzakaunganidzwa munyori, kunyora kusazivikanwa.

In yeMiddle Ages, mutauro Aesop akanga akakurumbira chaizvo: yakakurumbira "zvakaedza of Fox" yakagadzirwa kuti nzira allusive manyorerwo, uye mifananidzo gava, bere, jongwe, mbongoro uye dzimwe mhuka vakaseka yose vepamusoro Mutongo uye vafundisi yeRoma Church. saizvozvi kutaura vaguely, asi nomazvo uye poignantly, vakanakidzwa Lafontaine, Saltykov-Shchedrin, anozivikanwa slagatel ngano Krylov vake, kuUkraine fabulist Glebe. Proverbs Aesop mumitauro yakawanda, vari akanyorwa senhetembo. Vazhinji vedu kuchikoro vanoziva ngano pamusoro rarira uye gava, kuti gava uye mazambiringa - nyaya pfupi izvi moralizing nyaya yakaitwa asi antiikki somuzivi.

Hatigoni kutaura kuti mutauro Aesop, ane mutengo panguva chimiro apo kusenza anotonga, nhasi hachibatsiri. Allusive kwemanyorero, Musadana zvakananga nangananga satire, "tsamba" ayo sokunge kutendeukira yakaoma aongororwe, uye "mweya" - muverengi. Sezvo yokupedzisira upenyu zviri chaizvoizvo vari pasi akafukidzwa kutsoropodzwa, zviri nyore vasingazvioni. Uye kunyange kupfuura kuti: a quirky nzira kusekwa, azere muchivande nemadimikira yaida otgadki zvakavanzika zviratidzo uye mifananidzo zvikuru nevaverengi pane zvakananga uye nemaune kupomera masimba chero mhosva, saka zvinhu zvinoumba mutauro Aesop akarwawo kunyange vanyori ivavo uye venhau vasina chinhu kutya. Kushandiswa kwaro tinoona venhau, uye nhau, uye netumabhuku pamusoro kuitika enyika uye evanhu.